Congestive heart failure positive inotropics: Difference between revisions

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(/* 2009 ACC/AHA Focused Update and 2005 Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult (DO NOT EDIT) Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH, Feldman AM, Francis GS, Ganiats TG, Jessup M, Konstam MA, Mancini DM, Michl K, Oates JA, Rahko PS, Silver MA, Stevenson LW, Yancy CW, Antman EM, Smith SC Jr, Adams CD, Anderson JL, Faxon DP, Fuster V, Halperin JL, Hiratzka LF, Jacobs AK, Nishimura R, Ornato JP, Page RL, Riegel B; American College of Cardiology; American Heart As...)
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==Overview==
==Overview==
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==External Link==
*[https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/epub/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001063.full.pdf 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines]<ref name="pmid35363499">{{cite journal |vauthors=Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM, Deswal A, Drazner MH, Dunlay SM, Evers LR, Fang JC, Fedson SE, Fonarow GC, Hayek SS, Hernandez AF, Khazanie P, Kittleson MM, Lee CS, Link MS, Milano CA, Nnacheta LC, Sandhu AT, Stevenson LW, Vardeny O, Vest AR, Yancy CW |title=2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines |journal=Circulation |volume=145 |issue=18 |pages=e895–e1032 |date=May 2022 |pmid=35363499 |doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000001063 |url=}} </ref>


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 21:15, 22 June 2022



Resident
Survival
Guide
File:Critical Pathways.gif

Congestive Heart Failure Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Systolic Dysfunction
Diastolic Dysfunction
HFpEF
HFrEF

Causes

Differentiating Congestive heart failure from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Clinical Assessment

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

Cardiac MRI

Echocardiography

Exercise Stress Test

Myocardial Viability Studies

Cardiac Catheterization

Other Imaging Studies

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring

Medical Therapy:

Summary
Acute Pharmacotherapy
Chronic Pharmacotherapy in HFpEF
Chronic Pharmacotherapy in HFrEF
Diuretics
ACE Inhibitors
Angiotensin receptor blockers
Aldosterone Antagonists
Beta Blockers
Ca Channel Blockers
Nitrates
Hydralazine
Positive Inotropics
Anticoagulants
Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitor
Antiarrhythmic Drugs
Nutritional Supplements
Hormonal Therapies
Drugs to Avoid
Drug Interactions
Treatment of underlying causes
Associated conditions

Exercise Training

Surgical Therapy:

Biventricular Pacing or Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT)
Implantation of Intracardiac Defibrillator
Ultrafiltration
Cardiac Surgery
Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVADs)
Cardiac Transplantation

ACC/AHA Guideline Recommendations

Initial and Serial Evaluation of the HF Patient
Hospitalized Patient
Patients With a Prior MI
Sudden Cardiac Death Prevention
Surgical/Percutaneous/Transcather Interventional Treatments of HF
Patients at high risk for developing heart failure (Stage A)
Patients with cardiac structural abnormalities or remodeling who have not developed heart failure symptoms (Stage B)
Patients with current or prior symptoms of heart failure (Stage C)
Patients with refractory end-stage heart failure (Stage D)
Coordinating Care for Patients With Chronic HF
Quality Metrics/Performance Measures

Implementation of Practice Guidelines

Congestive heart failure end-of-life considerations

Specific Groups:

Special Populations
Patients who have concomitant disorders
Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the Patient with CHF
NSTEMI with Heart Failure and Cardiogenic Shock

Congestive heart failure positive inotropics On the Web

Most recent articles

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Powerpoint slides

Images

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

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Directions to Hospitals Treating Congestive heart failure positive inotropics

Risk calculators and risk factors for Congestive heart failure positive inotropics

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S. [2] Edzel Lorraine Co, DMD, MD[3]

Overview

Positive inotropes are agents that increase myocardial contractility, and are used to support cardiac function in conditions such as decompensated congestive heart failure, cardiogenic shock, septic shock, myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, etc. Examples of positive inotropes include digoxin, dobutamine, dopamine and phosphodiesterase-III inhibitors like amrinone and milrinone.

Inotropics

Pharmacologic Mechanisms

  1. Agents that increase intracellular cAMP
  2. Agents that affect sarcolemmal ion pumps/channels
  3. Agents that modulate intracellular calcium mechanisms by either:
  4. Drugs having multiple mechanisms of action

Digoxin

  • Inhibits Na,K+-ATPase resulting in an increase in intracellular Na+, extracellular Ca2+ exchange increasing the velocity and extent of sarcomere shortening.
  • ACC/AHA recommend digoxin for symptomatic patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction.
  • Commonly used in patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation to reduce the ventricular response rate.
  • Mortality has not been shown to be improved with use of digoxin[1], but the use of digoxin has been associated with a reduction in hospitalization in the RALES study.
  • There is no need to load a CHF patient with digoxin. For the majority of patients with normal renal function, a daily dose of 0.25 mg of digoxin is usually adequate. In the older patient or in those patients with renal impairment, a dose of 0.125 mg per day may be adequate.
  • Drugs that increase the concentration of digoxin include antibiotics and anticholinergic agents as well as amiodarone, quinidine and verapamil.
  • In the RALES study, a level of < 1 ng/ml was associated with efficacy. Levels above 1 ng/ml were not associated with greater efficacy and were associated with higher mortality.

Dobutamine

  • Activates beta-1 receptors resulting in enhanced cardiac contractility.
  • Long-term dobutamine infusions are arrhythmogenic and increase mortality.
  • Dobutamine also slightly reduces afterload

Dopamine

Dopamine is associated with a dose dependent mechanism of action:

Milrinone

2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Heart Failure Guideline (DO NOT EDIT) [2]

Pharmacological Treatment for Stage C HFrEF: Digoxin
Class IIb
"1. In patients with symptomatic HFrEF despite GDMT (or who are unable to tolerate GDMT), digoxin might be considered to decrease hospitalizations for HF. [1][3] (Level of Evidence: B-R) "

External Link

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 "The effect of digoxin on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure. The Digitalis Investigation Group". The New England Journal of Medicine. 336 (8): 525–33. 1997. doi:10.1056/NEJM199702203360801. PMID 9036306. Retrieved 2012-04-05. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM; et al. (2022). "2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines". Circulation. 145 (18): e876–e894. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001062. PMID 35363500 Check |pmid= value (help).
  3. Ahmed A, Rich MW, Love TE, Lloyd-Jones DM, Aban IB, Colucci WS; et al. (2006). "Digoxin and reduction in mortality and hospitalization in heart failure: a comprehensive post hoc analysis of the DIG trial". Eur Heart J. 27 (2): 178–86. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi687. PMC 2685167. PMID 16339157.
  4. Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM, Deswal A, Drazner MH, Dunlay SM, Evers LR, Fang JC, Fedson SE, Fonarow GC, Hayek SS, Hernandez AF, Khazanie P, Kittleson MM, Lee CS, Link MS, Milano CA, Nnacheta LC, Sandhu AT, Stevenson LW, Vardeny O, Vest AR, Yancy CW (May 2022). "2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines". Circulation. 145 (18): e895–e1032. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001063. PMID 35363499 Check |pmid= value (help).

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