Pericarditis causes: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
m (Bot: Removing from Primary care)
 
(80 intermediate revisions by 21 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
__NOTOC__
{{Pericarditis}}
{{Pericarditis}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{M.P}} {{AZ}}{{Homa}}


{{CMG}}
==Overview==
The [[causes]] of pericarditis can be divided into [[infectious]] and [[Infectious|non-infectious]] ones. [[Infectious]] causes include [[bacterial]], [[viral]], [[fungal]] and, [[parasitic]]. While, non-[[infectious]] causes include [[autoimmune]], [[neoplastic]], [[metabolic]], [[Trauma|traumatic]] and [[iatrogenic]], and [[Drug-related pericarditis|drug-related.]] [[Acute myocardial infarction]], [[Addisonian crisis]], [[aortic dissection]] and [[Aortic rupture|rupture]], [[chest trauma|blunt or penetrating chest trauma]], [[esophageal perforation]], [[Perforation|gastric perforation]], and [[myocardial rupture]] are life threatening [[causes]] of pericarditis. Common [[causes]] of pericarditis include [[viral]], [[bacterial]] [[organisms]], [[neoplasms]], [[autoimmune]] and [[renal failure]].


==Differentiating Pericarditis from other Conditions==
==Causes==
Several conditions, including life threatening conditions such as [[myocardial infarction]], [[aortic dissection]] and [[pulmonary embolism]] produce signs and symptoms that are similar to those produced by pericarditis.
===Life Threatening Causes===
* Pain along the [[trapezius ridge]](s), is very characteristic of pericarditis. The pain of [[myocardial infarction]] tends to involve the anterior precordium with radiation to the left arm. 
Life-threatening [[causes]] include conditions which may result in death or permanent [[disability]] within 24 hours if left untreated and include:<ref name="Imazio2012">{{cite journal|last1=Imazio|first1=Massimo|title=Contemporary management of pericardial diseases|journal=Current Opinion in Cardiology|volume=27|issue=3|year=2012|pages=308–317|issn=0268-4705|doi=10.1097/HCO.0b013e3283524fbe}}</ref><ref name="ImazioSpodick2010">{{cite journal|last1=Imazio|first1=Massimo|last2=Spodick|first2=David H.|last3=Brucato|first3=Antonio|last4=Trinchero|first4=Rita|last5=Adler|first5=Yehuda|title=Controversial Issues in the Management of Pericardial Diseases|journal=Circulation|volume=121|issue=7|year=2010|pages=916–928|issn=0009-7322|doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.844753}}</ref><ref name="ImazioBrucato2009">{{cite journal|last1=Imazio|first1=Massimo|last2=Brucato|first2=Antonio|last3=DeRosa|first3=Francesco Giuseppe|last4=Lestuzzi|first4=Chiara|last5=Bombana|first5=Enrico|last6=Scipione|first6=Federica|last7=Leuzzi|first7=Stefano|last8=Cecchi|first8=Enrico|last9=Trinchero|first9=Rita|last10=Adler|first10=Yehuda|title=Aetiological diagnosis in acute and recurrent pericarditis: when and how|journal=Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine|volume=10|issue=3|year=2009|pages=217–230|issn=1558-2027|doi=10.2459/JCM.0b013e328322f9b1}}</ref><ref name="SliwaMocumbi2009">{{cite journal|last1=Sliwa|first1=Karen|last2=Mocumbi|first2=Ana Olga|title=Forgotten cardiovascular diseases in Africa|journal=Clinical Research in Cardiology|volume=99|issue=2|year=2009|pages=65–74|issn=1861-0684|doi=10.1007/s00392-009-0094-1}}</ref>
* Unlike cardiac ischemia, the pain of pericarditis often lasts longer, is sharper and unresponsive to vasodilator therapy.
*[[Acute myocardial infarction]]
* The EKG of pericarditis shows [[PR]] segment depression while the EKG of myocardial infarction does not.
*[[Addisonian crisis]]
* The EKG of pericarditis shows [[ST elevation]] that does not necessarily follow the anatomic distribution of a single coronary artery.
*[[Aortic dissection]]
*[[Aortic rupture]]
*[[chest trauma|Blunt or penetrating chest trauma]]
*[[esophageal rupture|Esophogeal perforation]]
*[[perforation|Gastric perforation]]
*[[Myocardial rupture]]


==Differential Diagnosis of Causes of Acute Pericarditis==
===Common Causes===
* [[Acute myocardial infarction]]
* [[Cardiac catheterization]]
* [[Staphylococcus aureus]] (MSSA, MRSA)
* [[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]
* [[Neisseria meningitidis]]
* [[Enterobacteriaceae]]
* [[Tuberculosis]]
* [[Histoplasmosis]]
* [[Coxsackie B virus]]
* [[Echovirus]]
* [[HIV]]
* [[Adenovirus]]
* [[Influenza]]
* [[Neoplasm]]
* [[Renal Failure]]
* [[Sulfa drugs]]
* [[Aminosalicylic acid]]
* [[Amiodarone]]
* [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]
* [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]
* [[Idiopathic]]


===Causes by Organ System===
{|style="width:70%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Acute myocardial infarction]], [[aortic rupture]], [[thoracic duct|benign obstruction of thoracic duct]], [[dissecting aortic aneurysm]], [[Dresslers syndrome]], [[endocarditis]], [[myocardial rupture]], [[myocarditis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Scombrotoxic fish poisoning]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Behcet syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aminosalicylic acid]], [[amiodarone]], [[anticoagulants]], [[bromocriptine]], [[cromolyn sodium]], [[certolizumab pegol]], [[cyclosporine]], [[cyclophosphamide]], [[cytarabine]], [[dantrolene]], [[daunorubicin]], [[doxorubicin]], [[Doxycycline]], [[5-fluorouracil]], [[hydantoin]], [[hydralazine]], [[isoniazid]], [[mesalazine]], [[methyldopa]], [[methysergide]], [[minoxidil]], [[Olsalazine]], [[penicillin]], [[Pergolide]], [[phenylbutazone]], [[practolol]], [[pramipexole]], [[procainamide]], [[procainamide]], [[reserpine]], [[ropinirole]], [[streptokinase]], [[streptomycin]], [[sulfa drugs]], [[Thalidomide]], [[thiazides]], [[thiouracil]], [[thrombolytics]], [[tocainide]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Temporal arteritis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Addisonian crisis]], [[hypothyroidism]], [[myxedema]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Asbestosis]], [[polytetrafluoroethylene|polytetrafluoroethylene inhalation]], [[silicosis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Whipple's disease]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Gaucher disease]], [[Jacobsen syndrome|Jacobs arthropathy-camptodactyly syndrome]], [[Mulibrey nanism|Mulibrey nanism syndrome]], [[recurrent hereditary polyserositis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Leukemia]], [[lymphoma]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cardiac catheterization]], [[cardiopulmonary resuscitation]], [[catheter ablation|cathether ablation for arrhythmias]], [[CABG|coronary artery bypass grafting]], [[dialysis]], [[heart surgery]], [[pacemaker syndrome]], [[percutaneous coronary intervention]], [[postpericardiotomy syndrome]], [[radiation therapy]], [[TAVI]], [[thoracic surgery]], [[Vaccines|vaccines (smallpox, yellow fever)]], [[valvuloplasty]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Actinomycosis]], [[adenovirus]], [[alveolar hydatid disease]], [[amebiasis]], [[aspergillus]], [[blastomycosis]], [[borrelia]], [[brucellosis]], [[candida]], [[chlamydia psittaci]], [[coccidiomycosis]], [[coxsackie B virus]], [[cytomegalovirus]], [[E.coli]], [[EBV]], [[echinococcus]], [[ECHO virus]], [[entamoeba histolytica]], [[francisella]], [[haemophilus influenza]], [[hepatitis B]], [[herpes viruses]], [[histoplasmosis]], [[HIV]], [[infectious mononucleosis]], [[influenza]], [[klebsiella]], [[legionella]], [[Lyme disease]], [[meningococci]], [[mumps]], [[mycobacterium tuberculosis]], [[mycoplasma]], [[neisseria]], [[nocardia]], [[pneumococcus]], [[proteus]], [[pseudomonas]], [[rickettsia]], [[salmonella]], [[staphylococcus]], [[streptococcus]], [[toxoplasmosis]], [[tularemia]], [[ureaplasma]], [[varicella]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ankylosing spondylitis]], [[dermatomyositis]], [[polymyositis]], [[Reiter's Syndrome]], [[rheumatoid arthritis]], [[Still's disease]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Angioma]], [[breast cancer]], [[carcinoid]], [[fibroma]], [[Kaposi's sarcoma]], [[leiomyoma]], [[leukemia]], [[lipoma]], [[lung cancer]], [[lymphoma]], [[melanoma]], [[mesothelioma]], [[cardiac tumors|neoplasia that has spread to the pericardium]], [[ovarian cancer]], [[rhabdomyosarcoma]], [[sarcoma]], [[Sipple syndrome]], [[teratoma]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Opthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Lung cancer]], [[pneumonia]], [[sarcoidosis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Uremic pericarditis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[rheumatic fever|Acute rheumatic fever]], [[amyloidosis]], [[ankylosing spondylitis]], [[Behcet syndrome]], [[Dressler's syndrome]], [[familial mediterranean fever]], [[inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Kawasaki disease]], [[mixed connective tissue disease]], [[polyarteritis nodosa]], [[polymyositis]], [[Reiter's Syndrome]], [[rheumatoid arthritis]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[scleroderma]], [[Still's disease]], [[systemic lupus erythematosus]], [[systemic sclerosis]], [[temporal arteritis]], [[Wegener's granulomatosis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]], [[treponema pallidum]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[chest trauma|Blunt or penetrating chest trauma]], [[esophageal rupture]], [[esophageal rupture|esophogeal perforation]], [[perforation|gastric perforation]], [[Pancreatic fistula|pancreatic-pericardial fistula]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Renal failure]], [[uremia]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Idiopathic]]
|-
|}
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
*[[5-Fluorouracil]]
*[[Actinomycosis]]
*[[Actinomycosis]]
*[[Acute idiopathic pericarditis]]
*[[Acute myocardial infarction]]
*[[Acute rheumatic fever]]
*[[rheumatic fever|Acute rheumatic fever]]
*[[Addisonian crisis]]
*[[Adenovirus]]
*[[Adenovirus]]
*[[Addison's crisis]]
*[[Amebiasis]]
*[[Aminosalicylic acid]]
*[[Amiodarone]]
*[[Amyloidosis]]
*[[Amyloidosis]]
*[[Amebiasis]]
*[[Angioma]]
*[[Ankylosing Spondylitis]]
*[[Ankylosing spondylitis]]
*[[Anticoagulants]]
*[[Aortic dissection]]
*[[Aortic dissection]]
*[[Behcet's Disease]]
*[[Aortic rupture]]
*[[Asbestosis]]
*[[Behcet's disease]]
*[[thoracic duct|Benign obstruction of thoracic duct]]
*[[chest trauma|Blunt or penetrating chest trauma]]
*[[Borrelia]]
*[[Borrelia]]
*[[Breast cancer]]
*[[Breast cancer]]
*[[Bromocriptine]]
*[[Carcinoid]]
*[[Cardiac catheterization]]
*[[Cardiopulmonary resuscitation]]
*[[Catheter ablation|Cathether ablation for arrhythmias]]
*[[Certolizumab pegol]]
*[[Chlamydia psittaci]]
*[[Cholesterol pericarditis]]
*[[Chylopericardium]]
*[[Chylopericardium]]
*[[Coxsackie A]]
*[[Coccidioidomycosis]]
*[[Coxsackie B]]
*[[Collagen vascular disease]]
*[[CABG|Coronary artery bypass grafting]]
*[[Coxsackie B virus]]
*[[Cromolyn sodium]]
*[[Cyclophosphamide]]
*[[Cyclosporine]]
*[[Cytarabine]]
*[[Cytomegalovirus]]
*[[Cytomegalovirus]]
*[[Dantrolene]]
*[[Daunorubicin]]
*[[Dermatomyositis]]
*[[Dermatomyositis]]
*[[Dermatosclerosis]]
*[[Dialysis]]
*[[Dressler's Syndrome]]
*[[Dissecting aortic aneurysm]]
*[[Doxorubicin]]
*[[Dressler's syndrome]]
*[[EBV]]
*[[EBV]]
*[[Echinococcosis]]
*[[ECHO virus]]
*[[ECHO virus]]
*[[Echinococcosis]]
*[[Endocarditis]]
*[[Familial Mediterranian Fever]]
*[[Esophageal rupture]]
*[[esophageal rupture|Esophogeal perforation]]
*[[Familial mediterranean fever]]
*[[Fibroma]]
*[[Francisella]]
*[[Francisella]]
*[[perforation|Gastric perforation]]
*[[Gaucher disease]]
*[[Heart surgery]]
*[[Herpes viruses]]
*[[Histoplasmosis]]
*[[HIV]]
*[[HIV]]
*[[Hydantoin]]
*[[Hydralazine]]
*[[Hypothyroidism]]
*[[Idiopathic]]
*[[Infectious mononucleosis]]
*[[Infectious mononucleosis]]
*[[Inflammatory Bowel Disease]]
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]
*[[Influenza virus]]
*[[Influenza virus]]
*[[Isoniazid]]
*[[Jacobsen syndrome|Jacobs arthropathy-camptodactyly syndrome]]
*[[Kaposi's sarcoma]]
*[[Kawasaki disease]]
*[[Leiomyoma]]
*[[Legionella]]
*[[Legionella]]
*[[Leukemia]]
*[[Leukemia]]
*[[Lipoma]]
*[[Lung cancer]]
*[[Lung cancer]]
*[[Lymphoma]]
*[[Lymphoma]]
*[[Melanoma]]
*[[Meningococci]]
*[[Meningococci]]
*[[Mixed Connective Tissue Disease]]
*[[Mesalazine]]
*[[Mesothelioma]]
*[[Methyldopa]]
*[[Methysergide]]
*[[Minoxidil]]
*[[Mixed connective tissue disease]]
*[[Mulibrey nanism|Mulibrey nanism syndrome]]
*[[Mumps virus]]
*[[Mumps virus]]
*[[Mycoplasma infection]]
*[[Mycoplasma]]
*[[Myocardial rupture]]
*[[Myocarditis]]
*[[Myxedema]]
*[[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]]
*[[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]]
*[[Perforated esophagus]]
*[[cardiac tumors|Neoplasia that has spread to the pericardium]],
*[[Ovarian cancer]]
*[[Pacemaker syndrome]]
*[[Pancreatic fistula|Pancreatic-pericardial fistula]]
*[[Penicillin]]
*[[Percutaneous coronary intervention]]
*[[Pergolide]]
*[[Phenylbutazone]]
*[[Pneumococci]]
*[[Pneumococci]]
*[[Polyarteritis Nodosa]]
*[[Pneumonia]]
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]]
*[[Polymyositis]]
*[[Polymyositis]]
*[[polytetrafluoroethylene|Polytetrafluoroethylene inhalation]]
*[[Postpericardiotomy syndrome]]
*[[Postpericardiotomy syndrome]]
*[[Reiter's Syndrome]]
*[[Practolol]]
*[[Procainamide]]
*[[Radiation therapy]]
*[[Radiation therapy]]
*[[Renal Failure]]
*[[Recurrent hereditary polyserositis]]
*[[Rheumatoid Arthritis]]
*[[Rhabdomyosarcoma]]
*[[Reiter's syndrome]]
*[[Renal failure]]
*[[Reserpine]]
*[[Rheumatoid arthritis]]
*[[Rickettsia]]
*[[Rickettsia]]
*[[Sarcoidosis]]
*[[Sarcoidosis]]
*[[Sarcoma]]
*[[Scleroderma]]
*[[Scleroderma]]
*[[Serum sickness]]
*[[Serum sickness]]
*[[Silicosis]]
*[[Sipple syndrome]]
*[[Staphylococci]]
*[[Staphylococci]]
*[[Streptococci]]
*[[Streptococci]]
*[[Systemic Lupus Erythematosus]]
*[[Streptokinase]]
*[[Streptomycin]]
*[[Sulfa drugs]]
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]
*[[TAVI]]
*[[Temporal arteritis]]
*[[Teratoma]]
*[[Thiazides]]
*[[Thiouracil]]
*[[Thoracic surgery]]
*[[Thorax trauma]]
*[[Thorax trauma]]
*[[Thrombolytics]]
*[[Tocainide]]
*[[Toxoplasmosis]]
*[[Treponema pallidum]]
*[[Treponema pallidum]]
*[[Toxoplasmosis]]
*[[Tuberculosis]]
*[[Tuberculosis]]
*[[Ureaplasma]]
*[[Uremia]]
*[[Uremia]]
*[[Vaccines|Vaccines (smallpox, yellow fever)]]
*[[Valvuloplasty]]
*[[Varicella virus]]
*[[Varicella virus]]
*[[Wegener's granulomatosis]]
*[[Wegener's granulomatosis]]
*[[Whipple's Disease]]
*[[Whipple's Disease]]


==Differential Diagnosis of Causes of Chronic Pericarditis==
=== Summery of causes ===
*[[Amebiasis]]
{{familytree/start |summary=Sample 6}}
*[[Bacterial infections]]
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 |A01='''Pericarditis classification based on etiology'''}}
*[[Cholesterol pericarditis]]
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | }}
*[[Chylopericardium]]
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | B01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | B02 | | |B01='''Infectious causes'''|B02='''Non-infectious causes'''}}
*[[Coccidioidomycosis]]
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| }}
*[[Collagen Vascular Disease]]
{{familytree | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |,|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| }}
*[[Coxsackie B]]
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| }}
*[[Echinococcosis]]
{{familytree | | | | C01 | | C02 | | C03 | | C04 | | C05 | | | C06 | | C07 | | C08 | | C09 | | C10 |C01='''Viral:'''
*[[Histoplasmosis]]
Enteroviruses(coxsackieviruses, echoviruses)
*[[Neoplastic pericarditis]]
 
*[[Tuberculosis]]
Herpes viruses(EBV, CMV, HHV-6)
*[[Uremic pericarditis]]
 
Adenoviruses
 
Parvovirus B19|C02='''Bacterial:'''
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
 
Coxiella burnetii
 
Borrelia burgdorferi|C03='''Fungal:'''
Histoplasma species
 
Aspergillus species
 
Blastomyces species
 
Candida species|C04='''Parasitic:'''
Echinococcus species
 
Toxoplasma species|C05='''Autoimmune:'''
Systemic autoimmune and auto-inflammatory diseases
 
Systemic vasculitides
 
Sarcoidosis
 
Familial Mediterranean fever
 
IBD
 
Still disease|C06='''Neoplastic:'''
Primary tumours (pericardial mesothelioma)
 
secondary metastatic tumors( lung and breast cancer, lymphoma)|C07='''Metabolic:'''
Uraemia
 
Myxoedema
 
Anorexia nervosa|C08='''Traumatic and Iatrogenic'''|C09='''Drug-related'''|C10='''Others:'''
Amyloidosis
 
Aortic dissection
 
Pulmonary arterial
 
Hypertension
 
Chronic heart failure
 
Congenital absence of the pericardium}}
{{familytree/end}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
{{WS}}


[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Intensive care medicine]]
[[Category:Intensive care medicine]]
[[Category:Differential diagnosis]]

Latest revision as of 23:39, 29 July 2020

Pericarditis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

HIV
Post MI
Dressler's syndrome
Post-pericardiotomy
Radiation
Tuberculosis
Uremia
Malignancy

Differentiating Pericarditis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Pericardial Effusion
Cardiac Tamponade
Constrictive Pericarditis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X-ray

Echocardiography and Ultrasound

CT scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Pericardiocentesis
Pericardial Window
Pericardial Stripping

Treatment Related Videos

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Pericarditis causes On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Google Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Pericarditis causes

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Pericarditis causes

CDC on Pericarditis causes

Pericarditis causes in the news

Blogs on Pericarditis causes

Directions to Hospitals Treating Type page name here

Risk calculators and risk factors for Pericarditis causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mugilan Poongkunran M.B.B.S [2] Ahmed Zaghw, M.D. [3] Homa Najafi, M.D.[4]

Overview

The causes of pericarditis can be divided into infectious and non-infectious ones. Infectious causes include bacterial, viral, fungal and, parasitic. While, non-infectious causes include autoimmune, neoplastic, metabolic, traumatic and iatrogenic, and drug-related. Acute myocardial infarction, Addisonian crisis, aortic dissection and rupture, blunt or penetrating chest trauma, esophageal perforation, gastric perforation, and myocardial rupture are life threatening causes of pericarditis. Common causes of pericarditis include viral, bacterial organisms, neoplasms, autoimmune and renal failure.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated and include:[1][2][3][4]

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Acute myocardial infarction, aortic rupture, benign obstruction of thoracic duct, dissecting aortic aneurysm, Dresslers syndrome, endocarditis, myocardial rupture, myocarditis
Chemical / poisoning Scombrotoxic fish poisoning
Dermatologic Behcet syndrome
Drug Side Effect Aminosalicylic acid, amiodarone, anticoagulants, bromocriptine, cromolyn sodium, certolizumab pegol, cyclosporine, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, dantrolene, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, Doxycycline, 5-fluorouracil, hydantoin, hydralazine, isoniazid, mesalazine, methyldopa, methysergide, minoxidil, Olsalazine, penicillin, Pergolide, phenylbutazone, practolol, pramipexole, procainamide, procainamide, reserpine, ropinirole, streptokinase, streptomycin, sulfa drugs, Thalidomide, thiazides, thiouracil, thrombolytics, tocainide
Ear Nose Throat Temporal arteritis
Endocrine Addisonian crisis, hypothyroidism, myxedema
Environmental Asbestosis, polytetrafluoroethylene inhalation, silicosis
Gastroenterologic Inflammatory bowel disease, Whipple's disease
Genetic Gaucher disease, Jacobs arthropathy-camptodactyly syndrome, Mulibrey nanism syndrome, recurrent hereditary polyserositis
Hematologic Leukemia, lymphoma
Iatrogenic Cardiac catheterization, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, cathether ablation for arrhythmias, coronary artery bypass grafting, dialysis, heart surgery, pacemaker syndrome, percutaneous coronary intervention, postpericardiotomy syndrome, radiation therapy, TAVI, thoracic surgery, vaccines (smallpox, yellow fever), valvuloplasty
Infectious Disease Actinomycosis, adenovirus, alveolar hydatid disease, amebiasis, aspergillus, blastomycosis, borrelia, brucellosis, candida, chlamydia psittaci, coccidiomycosis, coxsackie B virus, cytomegalovirus, E.coli, EBV, echinococcus, ECHO virus, entamoeba histolytica, francisella, haemophilus influenza, hepatitis B, herpes viruses, histoplasmosis, HIV, infectious mononucleosis, influenza, klebsiella, legionella, Lyme disease, meningococci, mumps, mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycoplasma, neisseria, nocardia, pneumococcus, proteus, pseudomonas, rickettsia, salmonella, staphylococcus, streptococcus, toxoplasmosis, tularemia, ureaplasma, varicella
Musculoskeletal / Ortho Ankylosing spondylitis, dermatomyositis, polymyositis, Reiter's Syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, Still's disease
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic Angioma, breast cancer, carcinoid, fibroma, Kaposi's sarcoma, leiomyoma, leukemia, lipoma, lung cancer, lymphoma, melanoma, mesothelioma, neoplasia that has spread to the pericardium, ovarian cancer, rhabdomyosarcoma, sarcoma, Sipple syndrome, teratoma
Opthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary Lung cancer, pneumonia, sarcoidosis
Renal / Electrolyte Uremic pericarditis
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Acute rheumatic fever, amyloidosis, ankylosing spondylitis, Behcet syndrome, Dressler's syndrome, familial mediterranean fever, inflammatory bowel disease, Kawasaki disease, mixed connective tissue disease, polyarteritis nodosa, polymyositis, Reiter's Syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, scleroderma, Still's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, temporal arteritis, Wegener's granulomatosis
Sexual Neisseria gonorrhoeae, treponema pallidum
Trauma Blunt or penetrating chest trauma, esophageal rupture, esophogeal perforation, gastric perforation, pancreatic-pericardial fistula
Urologic Renal failure, uremia
Miscellaneous Idiopathic

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Summery of causes

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pericarditis classification based on etiology
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Infectious causes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-infectious causes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Viral:

Enteroviruses(coxsackieviruses, echoviruses)

Herpes viruses(EBV, CMV, HHV-6)

Adenoviruses

Parvovirus B19
 
Bacterial:

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Coxiella burnetii

Borrelia burgdorferi
 
Fungal:

Histoplasma species

Aspergillus species

Blastomyces species

Candida species
 
Parasitic:

Echinococcus species

Toxoplasma species
 
Autoimmune:

Systemic autoimmune and auto-inflammatory diseases

Systemic vasculitides

Sarcoidosis

Familial Mediterranean fever

IBD

Still disease
 
 
Neoplastic:

Primary tumours (pericardial mesothelioma)

secondary metastatic tumors( lung and breast cancer, lymphoma)
 
Metabolic:

Uraemia

Myxoedema

Anorexia nervosa
 
Traumatic and Iatrogenic
 
Drug-related
 
Others:

Amyloidosis

Aortic dissection

Pulmonary arterial

Hypertension

Chronic heart failure

Congenital absence of the pericardium

References

  1. ↑ Imazio, Massimo (2012). "Contemporary management of pericardial diseases". Current Opinion in Cardiology. 27 (3): 308–317. doi:10.1097/HCO.0b013e3283524fbe. ISSN 0268-4705.
  2. ↑ Imazio, Massimo; Spodick, David H.; Brucato, Antonio; Trinchero, Rita; Adler, Yehuda (2010). "Controversial Issues in the Management of Pericardial Diseases". Circulation. 121 (7): 916–928. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.844753. ISSN 0009-7322.
  3. ↑ Imazio, Massimo; Brucato, Antonio; DeRosa, Francesco Giuseppe; Lestuzzi, Chiara; Bombana, Enrico; Scipione, Federica; Leuzzi, Stefano; Cecchi, Enrico; Trinchero, Rita; Adler, Yehuda (2009). "Aetiological diagnosis in acute and recurrent pericarditis: when and how". Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine. 10 (3): 217–230. doi:10.2459/JCM.0b013e328322f9b1. ISSN 1558-2027.
  4. ↑ Sliwa, Karen; Mocumbi, Ana Olga (2009). "Forgotten cardiovascular diseases in Africa". Clinical Research in Cardiology. 99 (2): 65–74. doi:10.1007/s00392-009-0094-1. ISSN 1861-0684.

Template:WH Template:WS

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Pericarditis_causes&oldid=1642009"