Separation anxiety disorder: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
No edit summary |
Rim Halaby (talk | contribs) |
||
| (19 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
__NOTOC__ | |||
'''For patient information click [[Separation anxiety disorder (patient information)|here]]''' | '''For patient information click [[Separation anxiety disorder (patient information)|here]]''' | ||
| Line 15: | Line 16: | ||
{{SI}} | {{SI}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}} | ||
{{SK}} Adult separation anxiety disorder; childhood separation anxiety disorder | |||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Separation anxiety disorder is a [[psychology|psychological]] condition in which an individual has excessive [[anxiety]] regarding separation from home or from people to whom the individual has a strong emotional attachment (like a mother). Often, separation anxiety disorder is a [[symptom]] of a co-morbid condition. Studies show that children suffering from separation anxiety disorder are much more likely to have [[ADHD]], [[bipolar disorder]], [[panic disorder]], and others later in life. [http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/medicalnews.php?newsid=59727&nfid=crss] Separation anxiety disorder should not be confused with separation anxiety, which occurs as "a normal stage of development for healthy, secure babies." | |||
==Differential Diagnosis== | |||
*[[Agoraphobia]] | |||
*[[Bereavement]] | |||
* [[Bipolar disorder]]s | |||
*[[Conduct disorder]] | |||
* [[Depression]] | |||
*[[Generalized anxiety disorder]] | |||
*Illness anxiety disorder | |||
*[[Oppositional defiant disorder]] | |||
*[[Panic disorder]] | |||
*[[Personality disorders]] | |||
*[[Post traumatic stress disorder]] | |||
*[[Psychotic disorder]]s | |||
* Separation anxiety | |||
*[[Social anxiety disorder]]<ref name=DSMV>{{cite book | title = Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 | publisher = American Psychiatric Association | location = Washington, D.C | year = 2013 | isbn = 0890425558 }}</ref> | |||
Separation anxiety disorder should not be confused with separation anxiety, which occurs as "a normal stage of development for healthy, secure babies." [http://www.drgreene.org/body.cfm?id=21&action=detail&ref=993] Separation anxiety occurs as babies begin to understand their own selfhood - or understand that they are a separate person from their primary caregiver. At the same time, the concept of object permanence emerges - which is when children learn that something still exists when it is not seen or heard. As babies begin to understand that they can be separated from their primary caregiver, they do not understand that their caregiver will return, nor do they have a concept of time. This, in turn, causes a normal and healthy anxious reaction. | |||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | |||
===Prevalence=== | |||
The prevalence of separation anxiety disorder is: | |||
* 900-1,900 per 100,000 (0.9%-1.9%) in adults | |||
* 4,000 per 100,000 (4%) in children 6-12 months of age | |||
* 1,600 per 100,000 (1.6%) in adolescents<ref name=DSMV>{{cite book | title = Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 | publisher = American Psychiatric Association | location = Washington, D.C | year = 2013 | isbn = 0890425558 }}</ref> | |||
===Age=== | |||
Present in all age groups, adult separation anxiety disorder (affecting roughly 7% of adults) is more common than childhood separation anxiety disorder (affecting approximately 4% of children). [http://pn.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/41/13/30][http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/163/6/1074?]. | |||
==Risk Factors== | |||
*Genetic predisposition | |||
*Life stress (especially loss) | |||
:*Becoming a parent | |||
:*Change of schools | |||
:*Death of a relative or pet | |||
:*Disaster involving periods of separation from attachment figures | |||
:*Romantic relationship | |||
:*Illness | |||
:*Immigration | |||
:*Leaving the parental home | |||
:*New neighborhood | |||
:*Parental divorce <ref name=DSMV>{{cite book | title = Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 | publisher = American Psychiatric Association | location = Washington, D.C | year = 2013 | isbn = 0890425558 }}</ref> | |||
==Diagnostic Criteria== | |||
===DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria for Separation Anxiety Disorder<ref name=DSMV>{{cite book | title = Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 | publisher = American Psychiatric Association | location = Washington, D.C | year = 2013 | isbn = 0890425558 }}</ref>=== | |||
{{cquote| | |||
*A. Developmentally inappropriate and excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from those to whom the individual is attached, as evidenced by at least three of the following: | |||
:*1. Recurrent excessive distress when anticipating or experiencing separation from home or from major attachment figures. | |||
:*2. Persistent and excessive worry about losing major attachment figures or about possible harm to them, such as illness, injury, disasters, or death. | |||
:*3. Persistent and excessive worry about experiencing an untoward event (e.g., getting lost, being kidnapped, having an accident, becoming ill) that causes separation from a major attachment figure. | |||
:*4. Persistent reluctance or refusal to go out, away from home, to school, to work, or elsewhere because of fear of separation. | |||
:*5. Persistent and excessive fear of or reluctance about being alone or without major attachment figures at home or in other settings. | |||
:*6. Persistent reluctance or refusal to sleep away from home or to go to sleep without being near a major attachment figure. | |||
:*7. Repeated nightmares involving the theme of separation. | |||
:*8. Repeated complaints of physical symptoms (e.g., [[headaches]], stomachaches, nausea,vomiting) when separation from major attachment figures occurs or is anticipated. | |||
'''''AND''''' | |||
*B. The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is persistent, lasting at least 4 weeks in children and adolescents and typically 6 months or more in adults. | |||
'''''AND''''' | |||
*C. The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, academic,occupational, or other important areas of functioning. | |||
'''''AND''''' | |||
*D. The disturbance is not better explained by another mental disorder, such as refusing to leave home because of excessive resistance to change in [[autism spectrum disorder]]; | |||
delusions or hallucinations concerning separation in psychotic disorders; refusal to go outside without a trusted companion in [[agoraphobia]]; worries about ill health or other | |||
harm be falling significant others in [[generalized anxiety disorder]]; or concerns about having an illness in illness [[anxiety disorder]]. | |||
}} | |||
==Symptoms== | |||
Separation anxiety disorder is often characterized by some of the following symptoms: | |||
* Recurring distress when separated from the subject of attachment (such as the mother or home) | * Recurring distress when separated from the subject of attachment (such as the mother or home) | ||
| Line 27: | Line 106: | ||
* Recurrent [[nightmare]]s about separation | * Recurrent [[nightmare]]s about separation | ||
==References== | |||
{{reflist|2}} | |||
{{Mental and behavioural disorders}} | {{Mental and behavioural disorders}} | ||
| Line 37: | Line 115: | ||
[[Category:Psychological conditions]] | [[Category:Psychological conditions]] | ||
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | ||
{{WikiDoc Sources}} | {{WikiDoc Sources}} | ||
Latest revision as of 13:50, 21 October 2014
For patient information click here
| Separation anxiety disorder | |
| ICD-10 | F93.0 |
|---|---|
| ICD-9 | 309.21 |
| DiseasesDB | 34361 |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2]
Synonyms and keywords: Adult separation anxiety disorder; childhood separation anxiety disorder
Overview
Separation anxiety disorder is a psychological condition in which an individual has excessive anxiety regarding separation from home or from people to whom the individual has a strong emotional attachment (like a mother). Often, separation anxiety disorder is a symptom of a co-morbid condition. Studies show that children suffering from separation anxiety disorder are much more likely to have ADHD, bipolar disorder, panic disorder, and others later in life. [3] Separation anxiety disorder should not be confused with separation anxiety, which occurs as "a normal stage of development for healthy, secure babies."
Differential Diagnosis
- Agoraphobia
- Bereavement
- Bipolar disorders
- Conduct disorder
- Depression
- Generalized anxiety disorder
- Illness anxiety disorder
- Oppositional defiant disorder
- Panic disorder
- Personality disorders
- Post traumatic stress disorder
- Psychotic disorders
- Separation anxiety
- Social anxiety disorder[1]
Separation anxiety disorder should not be confused with separation anxiety, which occurs as "a normal stage of development for healthy, secure babies." [4] Separation anxiety occurs as babies begin to understand their own selfhood - or understand that they are a separate person from their primary caregiver. At the same time, the concept of object permanence emerges - which is when children learn that something still exists when it is not seen or heard. As babies begin to understand that they can be separated from their primary caregiver, they do not understand that their caregiver will return, nor do they have a concept of time. This, in turn, causes a normal and healthy anxious reaction.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
The prevalence of separation anxiety disorder is:
- 900-1,900 per 100,000 (0.9%-1.9%) in adults
- 4,000 per 100,000 (4%) in children 6-12 months of age
- 1,600 per 100,000 (1.6%) in adolescents[1]
Age
Present in all age groups, adult separation anxiety disorder (affecting roughly 7% of adults) is more common than childhood separation anxiety disorder (affecting approximately 4% of children). [5][6].
Risk Factors
- Genetic predisposition
- Life stress (especially loss)
- Becoming a parent
- Change of schools
- Death of a relative or pet
- Disaster involving periods of separation from attachment figures
- Romantic relationship
- Illness
- Immigration
- Leaving the parental home
- New neighborhood
- Parental divorce [1]
Diagnostic Criteria
DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria for Separation Anxiety Disorder[1]
| “ |
AND
AND
AND
delusions or hallucinations concerning separation in psychotic disorders; refusal to go outside without a trusted companion in agoraphobia; worries about ill health or other harm be falling significant others in generalized anxiety disorder; or concerns about having an illness in illness anxiety disorder. |
” |
Symptoms
Separation anxiety disorder is often characterized by some of the following symptoms:
- Recurring distress when separated from the subject of attachment (such as the mother or home)
- Persistent, excessive worrying about losing the subject of attachment
- Persistent, excessive worrying that some event will lead to separation from a major attachment
- Excessive fear about being alone without subject of attachment
- Persistent reluctance or refusal to go to sleep without being near a major attachment figure, like a mother
- Recurrent nightmares about separation