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{{Cervical cancer}}
{{Cervical cancer}}
{{CMG}}
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==Overview==
==Overview==
Cervical cancer arises within the epithelial cells, making it a [[carcinoma]].
Cervical cancer may be classified into many subtypes based on [[FIGO]] classification.


==Classification==
==Classification ==
Cervical cancer is a [[carcinoma]], typically composed of [[squamous cell]]s, and is similar in some respects to squamous cell cancers of the [[head and neck cancer|head and neck]] and [[anal cancer|anus]]. All three of these diseases may be associated with [[human papillomavirus]] [[infection]].
Newly revised [[FIGO]] staging for cervical cancer, included [[pathological]] and imaging findings as well as [[clinical]] manifestations.<ref name="MatsuoMachida2019">{{cite journal|last1=Matsuo|first1=Koji|last2=Machida|first2=Hiroko|last3=Mandelbaum|first3=Rachel S.|last4=Konishi|first4=Ikuo|last5=Mikami|first5=Mikio|title=Validation of the 2018 FIGO cervical cancer staging system|journal=Gynecologic Oncology|volume=152|issue=1|year=2019|pages=87–93|issn=00908258|doi=10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.10.026}}</ref><ref name="BhatlaAoki2018">{{cite journal|last1=Bhatla|first1=Neerja|last2=Aoki|first2=Daisuke|last3=Sharma|first3=Daya Nand|last4=Sankaranarayanan|first4=Rengaswamy|title=Cancer of the cervix uteri|journal=International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics|volume=143|year=2018|pages=22–36|issn=00207292|doi=10.1002/ijgo.12611}}</ref><ref name="ChamiéBlasbalg2011">{{cite journal|last1=Chamié|first1=Luciana Pardini|last2=Blasbalg|first2=Roberto|last3=Pereira|first3=Ricardo Mendes Alves|last4=Warmbrand|first4=Gisele|last5=Serafini|first5=Paulo Cesar|title=Findings of Pelvic Endometriosis at Transvaginal US, MR Imaging, and Laparoscopy|journal=RadioGraphics|volume=31|issue=4|year=2011|pages=E77–E100|issn=0271-5333|doi=10.1148/rg.314105193}}</ref>


==References==
 
FIGO staging of cancer of the [[cervix]] [[Uterine|uteri]] (2018)
{| class="wikitable"
!Stage
!Description
|-
|I
|The [[carcinoma]] is strictly confined to the [[cervix]] (extension to the [[uterine]] corpus should be disregarded)
|-
|IA
|Invasive [[carcinoma]] that can be diagnosed only by [[microscopy]], with maximum depth of invasion <5 mma
|-
|IA1
|Measured stromal invasion <3 mm in depth
|-
|IA2
|Measured [[stromal]] invasion ≥3 mm and <5 mm in depth
|-
|IB
|Invasive carcinoma with measured deepest invasion ≥5 mm (greater than Stage IA), lesion limited to the cervix uteri
|-
|IB1
|Invasive carcinoma ≥5 mm depth of stromal invasion, and <2 cm in greatest dimension
|-
|IB2
|Invasive [[carcinoma]] ≥2 cm and <4 cm in greatest dimension
|-
|IB3
|Invasive [[carcinoma]] ≥4 cm in greatest dimension
|-
|II
|The carcinoma invades beyond the [[uterus]], but has not extended onto the lower third of the vagina or to the [[pelvic]] wall
|-
|IIA
|Involvement limited to the upper two‐thirds of the vagina without parametrial involvement
|-
|IIA1
|[[Invasive]] carcinoma <4 cm in greatest dimension
|-
|IIA2
|Invasive carcinoma ≥4 cm in greatest dimension
|-
|IIB
|With parametrial involvement but not up to the [[pelvic]] wall
|-
|III
|The [[carcinoma]] involves the lower third of the vagina and/or extends to the pelvic wall and/or causes [[hydronephrosis]] or nonfunctioning [[kidney]] and/or involves [[pelvic]] and/or para‐aortic [[lymph nodes]]
|-
|IIIA
|The carcinoma involves the lower third of the vagina, with no extension to the [[pelvic]] wall
|-
|IIIB
|Extension to the [[pelvic]] wall and/or [[hydronephrosis]] or nonfunctioning [[kidney]] (unless known to be due to another cause)
|-
|IIIC
|Involvement of [[pelvic]] and/or para‐aortic [[lymph node]]<nowiki/>s, irrespective of [[tumor]] size and extent (with r and p notations)c
|-
|IIIC1
|[[Pelvic]] lymph node metastasis only
|-
|IIIC2
|Para‐aortic [[lymph node]] metastasis
|-
|IV
|The [[carcinoma]] has extended beyond the true [[pelvis]] or has involved (biopsy proven) the mucosa of the [[bladder]] or [[rectum]]. (A [[bullous]] edema, as such, does not permit a case to be allotted to Stage IV)
|-
|IVA
|Spread to adjacent [[pelvic]] organs
|-
|IVB
|Spread to distant organs
|}
 
==References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}


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[[Category:Gynecology]]
[[Category:Gynecology]]
[[Category:Types of cancer]]
[[Category:Types of cancer]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Mature chapter]]
[[Category:Mature chapter]]


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[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Gynecology]]

Latest revision as of 19:31, 20 February 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nima Nasiri, M.D.[2]

Overview

Cervical cancer may be classified into many subtypes based on FIGO classification.

Classification

Newly revised FIGO staging for cervical cancer, included pathological and imaging findings as well as clinical manifestations.[1][2][3]


FIGO staging of cancer of the cervix uteri (2018)

Stage Description
I The carcinoma is strictly confined to the cervix (extension to the uterine corpus should be disregarded)
IA Invasive carcinoma that can be diagnosed only by microscopy, with maximum depth of invasion <5 mma
IA1 Measured stromal invasion <3 mm in depth
IA2 Measured stromal invasion ≥3 mm and <5 mm in depth
IB Invasive carcinoma with measured deepest invasion ≥5 mm (greater than Stage IA), lesion limited to the cervix uteri
IB1 Invasive carcinoma ≥5 mm depth of stromal invasion, and <2 cm in greatest dimension
IB2 Invasive carcinoma ≥2 cm and <4 cm in greatest dimension
IB3 Invasive carcinoma ≥4 cm in greatest dimension
II The carcinoma invades beyond the uterus, but has not extended onto the lower third of the vagina or to the pelvic wall
IIA Involvement limited to the upper two‐thirds of the vagina without parametrial involvement
IIA1 Invasive carcinoma <4 cm in greatest dimension
IIA2 Invasive carcinoma ≥4 cm in greatest dimension
IIB With parametrial involvement but not up to the pelvic wall
III The carcinoma involves the lower third of the vagina and/or extends to the pelvic wall and/or causes hydronephrosis or nonfunctioning kidney and/or involves pelvic and/or para‐aortic lymph nodes
IIIA The carcinoma involves the lower third of the vagina, with no extension to the pelvic wall
IIIB Extension to the pelvic wall and/or hydronephrosis or nonfunctioning kidney (unless known to be due to another cause)
IIIC Involvement of pelvic and/or para‐aortic lymph nodes, irrespective of tumor size and extent (with r and p notations)c
IIIC1 Pelvic lymph node metastasis only
IIIC2 Para‐aortic lymph node metastasis
IV The carcinoma has extended beyond the true pelvis or has involved (biopsy proven) the mucosa of the bladder or rectum. (A bullous edema, as such, does not permit a case to be allotted to Stage IV)
IVA Spread to adjacent pelvic organs
IVB Spread to distant organs

References

  1. Matsuo, Koji; Machida, Hiroko; Mandelbaum, Rachel S.; Konishi, Ikuo; Mikami, Mikio (2019). "Validation of the 2018 FIGO cervical cancer staging system". Gynecologic Oncology. 152 (1): 87–93. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.10.026. ISSN 0090-8258.
  2. Bhatla, Neerja; Aoki, Daisuke; Sharma, Daya Nand; Sankaranarayanan, Rengaswamy (2018). "Cancer of the cervix uteri". International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 143: 22–36. doi:10.1002/ijgo.12611. ISSN 0020-7292.
  3. Chamié, Luciana Pardini; Blasbalg, Roberto; Pereira, Ricardo Mendes Alves; Warmbrand, Gisele; Serafini, Paulo Cesar (2011). "Findings of Pelvic Endometriosis at Transvaginal US, MR Imaging, and Laparoscopy". RadioGraphics. 31 (4): E77–E100. doi:10.1148/rg.314105193. ISSN 0271-5333.

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