Testicular cancer: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
{{Testicular cancer}}
'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''.
'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''.
{{Infobox_Disease |
 
  Name          = Testicular cancer |
{{CMG}}; {{MJM}}; {{AE}} {{SC}}
  Image          = |
 
  Caption        = |
{{SK}} Testicular tumor, testicular carcinoma, tumor of testis, cancer of testis, carcinoma of testis, tumor of the testis, cancer of the testis, carcinoma of the testis, malignant neoplasm of testis, testicular neoplasm, malignant tumor of testis, tumor of testicle, cancer of testicle, carcinoma of testicle, tumor of the testicle, cancer of the testicle, carcinoma of the testicle, malignant neoplasm of testicle, malignant tumor of testicle
  DiseasesDB    = 12966 |
  ICD10          = |
  ICD9          = |
  ICDO          = |
  OMIM          = 273300 |
  MedlinePlus    = |
  MeshName      = Testicular+Neoplasms |
  MeshNumber    = C04.588.322.762 |
}}
{{Testicular cancer}}
{{CMG}}
{{MJM}}
{{Editor Help}}


==[[Testicular cancer overview|Overview]]==
==[[Testicular cancer overview|Overview]]==


==[[Testicular cancer historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
==[[Testicular cancer historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
==[[Testicular cancer classification|Classification]]==


==[[Testicular cancer pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
==[[Testicular cancer pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


==[[Testicular cancer epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology & Demographics]]==
==[[Testicular cancer causes|Causes]]==
 
==[[Testicular cancer differential diagnosis|Differentiating Testicular cancer]]==
 
==[[Testicular cancer epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==


==[[Testicular cancer risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
==[[Testicular cancer risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
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==[[Testicular cancer screening|Screening]]==
==[[Testicular cancer screening|Screening]]==


==[[Testicular cancer causes|Causes]]==
==[[Testicular cancer natural history|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
 
==[[Testicular cancer differential diagnosis|Differentiating Testicular cancer]]==
 
==[[Testicular cancer natural history|Complications & Prognosis]]==


==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
[[Testicular cancer history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Testicular cancer physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Testicular cancer staging|Staging]] | [[Testicular cancer laboratory tests|Laboratory tests]] | [[Testicular cancer electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]]  | [[Testicular cancer x ray|X Rays]] | [[Testicular cancer CT|CT]] | [[Testicular cancer MRI|MRI]] [[Testicular cancer echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Testicular cancer other imaging findings|Other images]] | [[Testicular cancer other diagnostic studies|Alternative diagnostics]]
[[Testicular cancer staging|Staging]] | [[Testicular cancer history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Testicular cancer physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Testicular cancer laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]]  | [[Testicular cancer x ray|X Ray]] | [[Testicular cancer CT|CT]] | [[Testicular cancer MRI|MRI]] [[Testicular cancer ultrasound|Ultrasound]] | [[Testicular cancer other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Testicular cancer other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] | [[Testicular cancer biopsy|Biopsy]]


==Treatment==
==Treatment==
[[Testicular cancer medical therapy|Medical therapy]] | [[Testicular cancer surgery|Surgical options]] | [[Testicular cancer primary prevention|Primary prevention]]  | [[Testicular cancer secondary prevention|Secondary prevention]] | [[Testicular cancer cost-effectiveness of therapy|Financial costs]] | [[Testicular cancer future or investigational therapies|Future therapies]]
[[Testicular cancer medical therapy|Medical therapy]] | [[Testicular cancer surgery|Surgery]] | [[Testicular cancer primary prevention|Primary prevention]]  | [[Testicular cancer secondary prevention|Secondary prevention]] | [[Testicular cancer cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Testicular cancer future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
 
==Symptoms and early detection ==
 
 
The nature of any palpated lump in the [[scrotum]] is evaluated by scrotal [[ultrasound]], which can determine exact location, size, and some characteristics of the lump, such as cystic vs solid, uniform vs heterogeneous, sharply circumscribed or poorly defined. The extent of the disease is evaluated by [[CT scan]]s, which are used to locate [[metastasis|metastases]].  Blood tests are also used to identify and measure [[tumor marker]]s that are specific to testicular cancer. The diagnosis is made by performing an orchiectomy, surgical excision of the entire [[testis]] along with attached structures [[epididymis]] and [[spermatic cord]]; the resected specimen is evaluated by a [[pathologist]]. A [[biopsy]] should not be performed, as it raises the risk of migrating cancer cells into the scrotum. The reason why inguinal orchiectomy is the preferred method is that the lymphatic system of the scrotum links to the lower extremities and that of the testicle links to the retroperitoneum.  A transscrotal biopsy or orchiectomy will potentially leave cancer cells in the scrotum and create two vectors for cancer spread, while in an inguinal orchiectomy only the retroperitoneal route exists.
 
==Actions after treatment==
===Surveillance===
For stage I cancers that have not had any adjuvant (preventive) therapy, close monitoring for at least a year is important, and should include blood tests (in cases of [[nonseminoma]]s) and CT-scans (in all cases), to ascertain whether the cancer has [[Metastasis|metastasized]] (spread to other parts of the body).  For other stages, and for those cases in which radiation therapy or chemotherapy was administered, the extent of monitoring (tests) will vary on the basis of the circumstances, but normally should be done for five years (with decreasing intensity).
 
===Fertility===
A man with one remaining testis can lead a normal life, because the remaining testis takes up the burden of [[testosterone]] production and will generally have adequate fertility.[http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/196_test.html] However, it is worth the (minor) expense of measuring hormone levels before removal of a testicle, and sperm banking may be appropriate for younger men who still plan to have children, since fertility may be lessened by removal of one testicle, and can be severely affected if extensive [[chemotherapy]] and/or [[radiotherapy]] is done.
 
Less than five percent of those who have testicular cancer will have it again in the remaining testis.  A man who [[castration|loses both testicles]] will normally have to take hormone supplements (in particular, [[testosterone]], which is created in the testicles), and will be infertile, but can lead an otherwise normal life.


== External links ==
== External links ==
*[http://www.bidmc.org/YourHealth/ConditionsAZ.aspx?ChunkID=11513 Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center: Testicular cancer]
*[http://testicularcancer.org.uk/ UK testicular cancer support forums]
*[http://tcrc.acor.org/ Testicular Cancer Resource Center]
*[http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/testicularcancer.html National Institute of Health information and links]
*[http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/testicularcancer.html National Institute of Health information and links]
*[http://www.cancercouncil.com.au/html/patientsfamiliesfriends/typesofcancer/testicular/downloads/testicular.pdf Understanding Testicular Cancer] from [http://www.cancercouncil.com.au/editorial.asp?pageid=894 The Cancer Council Australia]
*[http://gallery.hd.org/_c/medicine/_more2006/_more01/scan-xray-X-Ray-testicular-testicle-scrotal-scrotum-for-cancer-or-other-lesions-or-abnormalities-all-clear-shrunk-tweaked-mono-1-ANON.jpg.html Images of scans for testicular cancer]
*[http://www.checkemlads.com/ checkemlads.com Testicular cancer support and awareness, run by survivors]
*[http://www.checkyourballs.co.uk/ checkyourballs] Support and Awareness site, created by a survivor.


{{Tumors}}
{{Tumors}}
{{SIB}}
 
[[da:Testikelkræft]]
[[de:Hodenkrebs]]
[[es:Cáncer de testículo]]
[[fr:Cancer du testicule]]
[[no:Testikkelkreft]]
[[pl:Nasieniak]]
[[pt:Câncer testicular]]
[[ro:Cancer la testicole]]
[[simple:Testicular cancer]]
[[fi:Kivessyöpä]]
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[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Mature chapter]]
[[Category:Mature chapter]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Urology]]

Latest revision as of 17:08, 27 November 2017

Testicular cancer Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Testicular cancer from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Staging

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

X Ray

CT

MRI

Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Biopsy

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Testicular cancer On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

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Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Testicular cancer

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X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Testicular cancer

CDC on Testicular cancer

Testicular cancer in the news

Blogs on Testicular cancer

Directions to Hospitals Treating Testicular cancer

Risk calculators and risk factors for Testicular cancer

For patient information click here.

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Michael Maddaleni, B.S.; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shanshan Cen, M.D. [2]

Synonyms and keywords: Testicular tumor, testicular carcinoma, tumor of testis, cancer of testis, carcinoma of testis, tumor of the testis, cancer of the testis, carcinoma of the testis, malignant neoplasm of testis, testicular neoplasm, malignant tumor of testis, tumor of testicle, cancer of testicle, carcinoma of testicle, tumor of the testicle, cancer of the testicle, carcinoma of the testicle, malignant neoplasm of testicle, malignant tumor of testicle

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Testicular cancer

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Staging | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | X Ray | CT | MRI Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies | Biopsy

Treatment

Medical therapy | Surgery | Primary prevention | Secondary prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

External links

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Template:WikiDoc Sources

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