Prolactinoma history and symptoms: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 23:49, 29 July 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Anmol Pitliya, M.B.B.S. M.D.[2],Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [3]

Overview

Common symptoms of prolactinoma include headache, vision changes, decreased libido, infertility, and osteoporosis. In women, common symptoms of prolactinoma include breast tenderness, galactorrhea, and amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea.

History

Obtaining the history is one of the most important aspects of making a diagnosis of prolactinoma. A complete history will help determine the correct therapy and helps in determining the prognosis.

Past medical history

Specific areas of focus when obtaining the past medical history are outlined below:
- Headache
- Vision changes and visual field defects
- Delayed puberty in adolescence
- Decreased sexual drive (libido)
- Infrequent menstrual period or absent menstrual period
- Breast tenderness
- Abnormal milk flow from the breast in a woman who is not pregnant or nursing

Family history

Family history of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is assosciated with a higher chance of developing pitutary adenomas (prolactinomas being the most common type of pitutary adenomas).

Symptoms

Symptoms of prolactinoma can be divided as follows:^[1]

Symptoms due to hyperprolactinemia
Symptoms due to mass effect

Symptoms of Prolactinoma
Symptoms due to hyperprolactinemia			Symptoms due to mass effect
Women	Men	Both men and women	Both men and women
Amenorrhea/oligomenorrhea Galactorrhea Breast tenderness	Impotence	Infertility Decreased libido Osteoporosis	Common Symptoms: Headache Vision changes Temporal field defects (bitemporal hemianopsia) Less Common Symptoms: Cranial nerve palsies Hypothalamic impairment Hydrocephalus Hypopituitarism Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea

References

↑ Liu JK, Couldwell WT (2004). "Contemporary management of prolactinomas". Neurosurg Focus. 16 (4): E2. PMID 15191331.

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[pmid15191331-1] Liu JK, Couldwell WT (2004). "Contemporary management of prolactinomas". Neurosurg Focus. 16 (4): E2. PMID 15191331.

[1]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{CMG}}
+__NOTOC__
 {{Prolactinoma}}
+{{CMG}};{{AE}} {{Anmol}},{{Faizan}}
 ==Overview==
-A '''prolactinoma''' is a [[benign]] [[tumor]] ([[adenoma]]) of the '''[[pituitary gland]]''' that produces a [[hormone]] called [[prolactin]]. It is the most common type of [[pituitary tumor]].  Symptoms of prolactinoma are caused by too much prolactin in the blood ([[hyperprolactinemia]]) or by pressure of the tumor on surrounding tissues.
+Common symptoms of [[prolactinoma]] include [[headache]], vision changes, decreased [[libido]], [[infertility]], and [[osteoporosis]]. In women, common symptoms of [[prolactinoma]] include breast tenderness, [[galactorrhea]], and [[amenorrhea]] or [[oligomenorrhea]].
-==History and symptoms==
-The symptoms experienced in women and men are as for [[hyperprolactinaemia]] from all causes. In addition, macroprolactinomas by their very size may press on surrounding structures causing headaches or loss of vision from pressure on the cross-over of the [[optic nerve]]s (the [[Optic chiasm]]).  Unlike women, who may observe a disruption of [[menstruation]], men have no reliable indicator to signal a problem and so may delay going to the doctor until they have [[headaches]] or eye problems.
+==History==
+Obtaining the history is one of the most important aspects of making a diagnosis of [[prolactinoma]]. A complete history will help determine the correct therapy and helps in determining the prognosis.
+=== Past medical history ===
+*Specific areas of focus when obtaining the past medical history are outlined below:
+**[[Headache]]
+**Vision changes and [[Visual field defect|visual field defects]]
+**[[Delayed puberty]] in [[adolescence]]
+**Decreased sexual drive ([[libido]])
+**[[Oligomenorrhea|Infrequent menstrual period]] or [[Amenorrhea|absent menstrual period]]
+**Breast tenderness
+**Abnormal milk flow from the breast in a woman who is not [[pregnant]] or [[nursing]]
+=== Family history ===
+* [[Family history]] of [[multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]] ([[MEN1]]) is assosciated with a higher chance of developing [[Pitutary Adenoma|pitutary adenomas]] (prolactinomas being the most common type of [[Pituitary adenoma|pitutary adenomas]]).
+==Symptoms==
+Symptoms of [[prolactinoma]] can be divided as follows:<ref name="pmid15191331">{{cite journal| author=Liu JK, Couldwell WT| title=Contemporary management of prolactinomas. | journal=Neurosurg Focus | year= 2004 | volume= 16 | issue= 4 | pages= E2 | pmid=15191331 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15191331  }} </ref>
+* Symptoms due to [[hyperprolactinemia]]
+* Symptoms due to mass effect
+{|
+! colspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; text-align: center;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Symptoms of Prolactinoma}}
+|-
+! colspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; text-align: center;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Symptoms due to hyperprolactinemia}}
+! style="background: #4479BA; text-align: center;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Symptoms due to mass effect}}
+|-
+| style="background: #7d7d7d; text-align: center;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|'''Women'''}}
+| style="background: #7d7d7d; text-align: center;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|'''Men'''}}
+| style="background: #7d7d7d; text-align: center;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|'''Both men and women'''}}
+| style="background: #7d7d7d; text-align: center;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|'''Both men and women'''}}
+|-
+| style="background: #F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Amenorrhea]]/[[oligomenorrhea]]
+* [[Galactorrhea]]
+* Breast tenderness
+| style="background: #F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Impotence]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Infertility]]
+* Decreased [[libido]]
+* [[Osteoporosis]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5;" |
+* '''Common Symptoms:'''
+** [[Headache]]
+** Vision changes
+** Temporal field defects ([[Bitemporal hemianopia|bitemporal hemianopsia]])
+* '''Less Common Symptoms:'''
+** [[Cranial nerve palsies]]
+** Hypothalamic impairment
+** [[Hydrocephalus]]
+** [[Hypopituitarism]]
+** [[Cerebrospinal fluid]] [[rhinorrhea]]
+|}
 == References ==
+{{Reflist|2}}
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 {{WikiDoc Sources}}
 [[Category:Disease]]
 [[Category:Neuroendocrinology]]
 [[Category:Oncology]]
-[[Category:Mature chapter]]
+[[Category:Medicine]]
+[[Category:Endocrinology]]
+[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
+[[Category:Neurology]]
+[[Category:Neurosurgery]]