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'''For patient information, click [[Congenital syphilis (patient information)|here]]'''
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'''For patient information, click [[Congenital syphilis (patient information)|here]]'''<br>
'''To view the congenital infections main page [[TORCH complex | Click here]]'''
{{Congenital syphilis}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KD}}; {{ADI}} {{AKI}}


{{Infobox_Disease |
{{SK}} Congenital lues; fetal syphilis
  Name          = {{PAGENAME}} |
 
  Image          = |
==[[Congenital syphilis overview|Overview]]==
  Caption        = |
==[[Congenital syphilis historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
  DiseasesDB    = 12744 |
 
  ICD10          = {{ICD10|A|50||a|50}} |
==[[Congenital syphilis classification|Classification]]==
  ICD9          = {{ICD9|090}} |
 
  ICDO          = |
==[[Congenital syphilis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
  OMIM          = |
  MedlinePlus    = 001344 |
  eMedicineSubj  = |
  eMedicineTopic = |
  MeshID        = D013590 |
}}
{{Congenital syphilis}}
{{CMG}}


==Overview==
==[[Congenital syphilis causes|Causes]]==
'''Congenital syphilis''' is [[syphilis]] present in utero and at birth, and occurs when a child is born to a mother with secondary or tertiary syphilis. Untreated syphilis results in a high risk of a bad outcome of pregnancy. Syphilis can cause [[miscarriages]], [[premature births]], [[stillbirths]], or death of newborn babies. Some infants with congenital syphilis have symptoms at birth, but most develop symptoms later. Untreated babies can have deformities, delays in development, or [[seizures]] along with many other problems such as rash, fever, swollen [[liver]] and [[spleen]], [[anemia]], and [[jaundice]]. Sores on infected babies are infectious. Rarely, the symptoms of syphilis go unseen in infants so that they develop the symptoms of late-stage syphilis, including damage to their bones, teeth, eyes, ears, and brain.<ref>http://www.niaid.nih.gov/factsheets/stdsyph.htm accessed 10/17/2006</ref>


==Epidemiology==
==[[Congenital syphilis differential diagnosis|Differentiating Congenital Syphilis from other Diseases]]==
According to the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|CDC]], 40% of births to syphilitic mothers are [[stillborn]], 40-70% of the survivors will be infected, and 12% of these will subsequently die.


==Early congenital syphilis==
==[[Congenital syphilis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
This is a subset of cases of congenital syphilis. Newborns may be asymptomatic and are only identified on routine [[prenatal screening]]. If not identified and treated, these newborns develop poor feeding and [[rhinorrhea]]. By definition, early congenital syphilis occurs in children between 0 and 2 years old<ref>http://www.pitt.edu/~SUPER1/lecture/lec13881/008.htm</ref>. After, they can develop [[late congenital syphilis]].


Symptomatic newborns, if not [[stillborn]], are born premature, with enlargement of the [[liver]], [[spleen]], skeletal abnormalities, [[pneumonia]] and a bullous skin disease known as pemphigus syphiliticus.
==[[Congenital syphilis risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
==[[Congenital syphilis screening|Screening]]==


==Manifestations of congenital syphilis ==
==[[Congenital syphilis natural history|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
[[Image:Hutchinson_teeth_congenital_syphilis_PHIL_2385.rsh.jpg|thumb|200px|Notched incisors known as [[Hutchinson's teeth]] which are characteristic of congenital syphilis]]
*abnormal [[x-rays]]
*[[Hutchinson's Triad]], a set of symptoms consisting of [[deafness]], [[Hutchinson's teeth]] (centrally notched, widely-spaced peg-shaped upper central [[incisors]]), and interstitial [[keratitis]] (IK), an inflamation of the cornea which can lead to corneal scarring and potentially blindness
*mulberry [[molars]] (sixth year molars with multiple poorly developed cusps)
*frontal [[bossing]]
*poorly developed [[maxillae]]
*[[enlarged liver]]
*[[enlarged spleen]]
*[[petechiae]]
*other [[skin rash]]
*[[sabre shins]]
*[[anemia]]
*[[lymph node enlargement]]
*[[jaundice]]
*[[pseudoparalysis]]
*[[snuffles]], the name given to [[rhinitis]] in this situation.  When chronic, this can lead to [[saddle nose]] deformity.
*[[rhagades]], linear scars at the angles of the mouth and nose result from bacterial infection of skin lesions


Death from congenital syphilis is usually through [[pulmonary hemorrhage]].
==Diagnosis==
[[Congenital syphilis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Congenital syphilis physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Congenital syphilis laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Congenital syphilis x ray|X Ray]] | [[Congenital syphilis CT|CT]] | [[Congenital syphilis MRI|MRI]] | [[Congenital syphilis ultrasound|Ultrasound]] | [[Congenital syphilis other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Congenital syphilis other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]


==Treatment==
==Treatment==
If a pregnant mother is identified as being infected with syphilis, treatment can effectively prevent congenital syphilis from developing in the unborn child, especially if she is treated before the sixteenth week of pregnancy. The child is at greatest risk of contracting syphilis when the mother is in the early stages of infection, but the disease can be passed at any point during pregnancy, even during delivery (should the child have not contracted it already). However, a woman in the secondary stage of syphilis decreases her child's risk of developing congenital syphilis by 98% if she receives treatment before the last month of pregnancy<ref>http://www.webmd.com/hw/health_guide_atoz/hw195492.asp?navbar=hw195073</ref>. An afflicted child can be treated using antibiotics much like an adult, however any developmental symptoms are likely to be permanent.
[[Congenital syphilis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Congenital syphilis surgery|Surgery]] | [[Congenital syphilis primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Congenital syphilis secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Congenital syphilis cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Congenital syphilis future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
 
== Case Studies ==
[[Congenital syphilis case study one|Case #1]]


==See also==
==Related Chapters==
*[[Syphilis]]
* [[Syphilis]]
* [[TORCH complex]]


==References==
==External Links==
{{reflist|2}}
* [http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats10/syphilis.htm CDC Surveillance Report]
* [http://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment/2010/genital-ulcers.htm#congenital CDC Treatment Guidelines]
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Latest revision as of 06:32, 28 July 2020

For patient information, click here
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kalsang Dolma, M.B.B.S.[2]; Aditya Govindavarjhulla, M.B.B.S. [3] Aravind Kuchkuntla, M.B.B.S[4]

Synonyms and keywords: Congenital lues; fetal syphilis

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Congenital Syphilis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | X Ray | CT | MRI | Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

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Case #1

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