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__NOTOC__ | |||
{{Amnesia}} | {{Amnesia}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{ | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{ZMalik}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Aging, depression and medications | [[Aging]], [[depression]], [[chronic]] [[stress]], [[head]] [[trauma]], [[chronic]] [[sleep deprivation]] and [[medications]] are [[risk factors]] for amnesia. | ||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
=== | *A [[psychologically]] traumatic incident in the past can increase chances of developing [[dissociative amnesia]] ([[psychogenic amnesia]]).<ref name="pmid30311153">{{cite journal| author=Khalili M, Wong RJ| title=Underserved Does Not Mean Undeserved: Unfurling the HCV Care in the Safety Net. | journal=Dig Dis Sci | year= 2018 | volume= 63 | issue= 12 | pages= 3250-3252 | pmid=30311153 | doi=10.1007/s10620-018-5316-9 | pmc=6436636 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30311153 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Head]] [[trauma]] increases the risk of post traumatic amnesia.<ref name="pmid11475324">{{cite journal| author=Leclerc S, Lassonde M, Delaney JS, Lacroix VJ, Johnston KM| title=Recommendations for grading of concussion in athletes. | journal=Sports Med | year= 2001 | volume= 31 | issue= 8 | pages= 629-36 | pmid=11475324 | doi=10.2165/00007256-200131080-00007 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11475324 }} </ref> | |||
*[[Sexual]] [[repression]] in childhood and cultural norms can cause [[infantile]]/childhood amnesia in adults.<ref name="pmid12653489">{{cite journal| author=Wang Q| title=Infantile amnesia reconsidered: a cross-cultural analysis. | journal=Memory | year= 2003 | volume= 11 | issue= 1 | pages= 65-80 | pmid=12653489 | doi=10.1080/741938173 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12653489 }} </ref> | |||
=== | *Prolonged [[trauma]] and childhood [[sexual]] [[abuse]] can increase risk of [[dissociative fugue]]. | ||
*[[Sleep deprivation]]<ref name="pmid19300585">{{cite journal| author=Alhola P, Polo-Kantola P| title=Sleep deprivation: Impact on cognitive performance. | journal=Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat | year= 2007 | volume= 3 | issue= 5 | pages= 553-67 | pmid=19300585 | doi= | pmc=2656292 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19300585 }} </ref> | |||
*[[Head trauma]], [[depression]], [[hypertension]], [[Down syndrome]] and [[family history]] can increase the risk of developing [[Alzheimer's disease]].<ref name="pmid19196745">{{cite journal| author=Burns A, Iliffe S| title=Alzheimer's disease. | journal=BMJ | year= 2009 | volume= 338 | issue= | pages= b158 | pmid=19196745 | doi=10.1136/bmj.b158 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19196745 }} </ref> | |||
*[[Risk factors]] for [[Korsakoff Syndrome]] include prolonged [[alcohol]] use, [[chemotherapy]], [[dialysis]], extreme [[dieting]], severe [[malnutrition]], [[genetic factors]].<ref>Rosenblum, Laurie B. (March 2011). "Korsakoff's Syndrome". NYU Langone Medical Center.</ref> | |||
*[[Chronic]] [[stress]]<ref name="pmid19755573">{{cite journal| author=Peavy GM, Salmon DP, Jacobson MW, Hervey A, Gamst AC, Wolfson T | display-authors=etal| title=Effects of chronic stress on memory decline in cognitively normal and mildly impaired older adults. | journal=Am J Psychiatry | year= 2009 | volume= 166 | issue= 12 | pages= 1384-91 | pmid=19755573 | doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09040461 | pmc=2864084 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19755573 }} </ref> | |||
*Decreased [[socialization]]<ref name="pmid18511736">{{cite journal| author=Ertel KA, Glymour MM, Berkman LF| title=Effects of social integration on preserving memory function in a nationally representative US elderly population. | journal=Am J Public Health | year= 2008 | volume= 98 | issue= 7 | pages= 1215-20 | pmid=18511736 | doi=10.2105/AJPH.2007.113654 | pmc=2424091 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18511736 }} </ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Neurology]] | |||
[[Category:Psychiatry]] | |||
[[Category:Mature chapter]] | |||
[[Category:Memory disorders]] | |||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
Latest revision as of 13:56, 22 March 2021
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Zehra Malik, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Aging, depression, chronic stress, head trauma, chronic sleep deprivation and medications are risk factors for amnesia.
Risk Factors
- A psychologically traumatic incident in the past can increase chances of developing dissociative amnesia (psychogenic amnesia).[1]
- Head trauma increases the risk of post traumatic amnesia.[2]
- Sexual repression in childhood and cultural norms can cause infantile/childhood amnesia in adults.[3]
- Prolonged trauma and childhood sexual abuse can increase risk of dissociative fugue.
- Sleep deprivation[4]
- Head trauma, depression, hypertension, Down syndrome and family history can increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.[5]
- Risk factors for Korsakoff Syndrome include prolonged alcohol use, chemotherapy, dialysis, extreme dieting, severe malnutrition, genetic factors.[6]
- Chronic stress[7]
- Decreased socialization[8]
References
- ↑ Khalili M, Wong RJ (2018). "Underserved Does Not Mean Undeserved: Unfurling the HCV Care in the Safety Net". Dig Dis Sci. 63 (12): 3250–3252. doi:10.1007/s10620-018-5316-9. PMC 6436636. PMID 30311153.
- ↑ Leclerc S, Lassonde M, Delaney JS, Lacroix VJ, Johnston KM (2001). "Recommendations for grading of concussion in athletes". Sports Med. 31 (8): 629–36. doi:10.2165/00007256-200131080-00007. PMID 11475324.
- ↑ Wang Q (2003). "Infantile amnesia reconsidered: a cross-cultural analysis". Memory. 11 (1): 65–80. doi:10.1080/741938173. PMID 12653489.
- ↑ Alhola P, Polo-Kantola P (2007). "Sleep deprivation: Impact on cognitive performance". Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 3 (5): 553–67. PMC 2656292. PMID 19300585.
- ↑ Burns A, Iliffe S (2009). "Alzheimer's disease". BMJ. 338: b158. doi:10.1136/bmj.b158. PMID 19196745.
- ↑ Rosenblum, Laurie B. (March 2011). "Korsakoff's Syndrome". NYU Langone Medical Center.
- ↑ Peavy GM, Salmon DP, Jacobson MW, Hervey A, Gamst AC, Wolfson T; et al. (2009). "Effects of chronic stress on memory decline in cognitively normal and mildly impaired older adults". Am J Psychiatry. 166 (12): 1384–91. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09040461. PMC 2864084. PMID 19755573.
- ↑ Ertel KA, Glymour MM, Berkman LF (2008). "Effects of social integration on preserving memory function in a nationally representative US elderly population". Am J Public Health. 98 (7): 1215–20. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.113654. PMC 2424091. PMID 18511736.