Chromosome 9 (human): Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
WikiBot (talk | contribs)
Bots, Bureaucrats, bureaucrats, interwiki, nocaptcha, Administrators
57,550 edits
m Bot: Automated text replacement (-{{SIB}} + & -{{EH}} + & -{{EJ}} + & -{{Editor Help}} + & -{{Editor Join}} +)
 
→‎Genes: added more - deorphaning
 
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Infobox chromosome
| image = Human male karyotpe high resolution - Chromosome 9 cropped.png
| caption = Human chromosome 9 pair after [[G banding|G-banding]].<br/>One is from mother, one is from father.
| image2 = Human male karyotpe high resolution - Chromosome 9.png
| caption2 = Chromosome 9 pair<br/> in human male [[karyogram]].
| length_bp = 138,394,717 bp<br/>([[GRCh38]])<ref name="National Center for Biotechnology Information 2017">{{cite web | title=Human Genome Assembly GRCh38 - Genome Reference Consortium | website=National Center for Biotechnology Information | date=2013-12-24 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/grc/human/data?asm=GRCh38 | language=en | accessdate=2017-03-04}}</ref>
| genes =  739 ([[Consensus CDS Project|CCDS]])<ref name="CCDS"/>
| type = [[Autosome]]
| centromere_position = [[Centromere#Submetacentric|Submetacentric]]<ref name="StrachanRead2010">{{cite book|author1=Tom Strachan|author2=Andrew Read|title=Human Molecular Genetics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dSwWBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA45|date=2 April 2010|publisher=Garland Science|isbn=978-1-136-84407-2|page=45}}</ref><br/>(43.0 Mbp<ref name="850bphs">Genome Decoration Page, NCBI.  [ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/gdp/ideogram_9606_GCF_000001305.14_850_V1 Ideogram data for Homo sapience (850 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3)]. Last update 2014-06-03. Retrieved 2017-04-26.</ref>)
| ensembl_id = 9
| entrez_id = 9
| ncbi_id = 9
| ucsc_id = 9
| refseq_id = NC_000009
| genbank_id = CM000671
}}
'''Chromosome 9''' is one of the 23 pairs of [[chromosome]]s in [[human]]s. People normally have two copies of this chromosome, as they normally do with all chromosomes. Chromosome 9 spans about 138 million [[base pair]]s of [[nucleic acids]] (the building blocks of [[DNA]]) and represents between 4 and 4.5 percent of the total DNA in [[cell (biology)|cells]].


==Genes==
{{Category see also|Genes on human chromosome 9}}
The following are some of the gene count estimates of human chromosome 9. Because researchers use different approaches to [[genome annotation]] their predictions of the [[number of genes]] on each chromosome varies (for technical details, see [[gene prediction]]). Among various projects, the collaborative consensus coding sequence project ([[Consensus CDS Project|CCDS]]) takes an extremely conservative strategy. So CCDS's gene number prediction represents a lower bound on the total number of human protein-coding genes.<ref name="pmid20441615">{{cite journal| author=Pertea M, Salzberg SL| title=Between a chicken and a grape: estimating the number of human genes. | journal=Genome Biol | year= 2010 | volume= 11 | issue= 5 | pages= 206 | pmid=20441615 | doi=10.1186/gb-2010-11-5-206 | pmc=2898077 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20441615  }} </ref>


==Overview==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"
'''Chromosome 9''' is one of the 23 pairs of [[chromosome]]s in [[human]]s. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 9 spans about 145 million [[base pair]]s of [[nucleic acids]] (the building blocks of [[DNA]]) and represents between 4 and 4.5 percent of the total DNA in [[cell (biology)|cells]].
| Estimated by || [[Protein-coding genes]] || [[Non-coding RNA|Non-coding RNA gene]]s || [[Pseudogene]]s || Source || Release date
 
|-
Identifying [[gene]]s on each chromosome is an active area of genetic research. Because researchers use different approaches to predict the number of genes on each chromosome, the estimated number of genes varies. Chromosome 9 likely contains between 800 and 1,200 genes.
| [[Consensus CDS Project|CCDS]] || 739 || - || -
|style="text-align:center"| <ref name="CCDS">{{cite web | title=Search results - 1&#91;CHR&#93; AND "Homo sapiens"&#91;Organism&#93; AND ("has ccds"&#91;Properties&#93; AND alive&#91;prop&#93;)  - Gene | website= NCBI |version = CCDS Release 20 for ''Homo sapiens'' | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?term=1%5BChr%5D%20AND%20%22Homo%20sapiens%22%5BOrganism%5D%20AND%20%28%22has%20ccds%22%5BProperties%5D%20AND%20alive%5Bprop%5D%29&cmd=DetailsSearch |date=2016-09-08 | accessdate=2017-05-28}}</ref>
| 2016-09-08
|-
| [[HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee|HGNC]]|| 749 || 246 || 590
|style="text-align:center"| <ref name="HGNC20170512">{{cite web | title=Statistics & Downloads for chromosome 9 | website=HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee | url=http://www.genenames.org/cgi-bin/statistics?c=9  |date=2017-05-12 | accessdate=2017-05-19}}</ref>
| 2017-05-12
|-
| [[Ensembl genome database project|Ensembl]] || 775 || 788 || 663
|style="text-align:center"| <ref name="Ensembl Release 88">{{cite web | title=Chromosome 9: Chromosome summary - Homo sapiens | website= Ensembl Release 88 | url=http://mar2017.archive.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Location/Chromosome?r=9 |date=2017-03-29 | accessdate=2017-05-19}}</ref>
| 2017-03-29
|-
| [[National Center for Biotechnology Information|NCBI]] || 822 || 830 || 738
|style="text-align:center"| <ref name="NCBI coding">{{cite web | title=Search results - 9&#91;CHR&#93; AND "Homo sapiens"&#91;Organism&#93; AND ("genetype protein coding"&#91;Properties&#93; AND alive&#91;prop&#93;)  - Gene | website=NCBI | date=2017-05-19 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?term=9%5BCHR%5D%20AND%20%22Homo%20sapiens%22%5BOrganism%5D%20AND%20%28%22genetype%20protein%20coding%22%5BProperties%5D%20AND%20alive%5Bprop%5D%29&cmd=DetailsSearch | accessdate=2017-05-20}}</ref><ref name="NCBI noncoding">{{cite web | title=Search results - 9&#91;CHR&#93; AND "Homo sapiens"&#91;Organism&#93; AND ( ("genetype miscrna"&#91;Properties&#93; OR "genetype ncrna"&#91;Properties&#93; OR "genetype rrna"&#91;Properties&#93; OR "genetype trna"&#91;Properties&#93; OR "genetype scrna"&#91;Properties&#93; OR "genetype snrna"&#91;Properties&#93; OR "genetype snorna"&#91;Properties&#93;) NOT "genetype protein coding"&#91;Properties&#93; AND alive&#91;prop&#93;) - Gene | website=NCBI | date=2017-05-19 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?term=9%5BCHR%5D%20AND%20%22Homo%20sapiens%22%5BOrganism%5D%20AND%20%28%28%22genetype%20miscrna%22%5BProperties%5D%20OR%20%22genetype%20ncrna%22%5BProperties%5D%20OR%20%22genetype%20rrna%22%5BProperties%5D%20OR%20%22genetype%20trna%22%5BProperties%5D%20OR%20%22genetype%20scrna%22%5BProperties%5D%20OR%20%22genetype%20snrna%22%5BProperties%5D%20OR%20%22genetype%20snorna%22%5BProperties%5D%29%20NOT%20%22genetype%20protein%20coding%22%5BProperties%5D%20AND%20alive%5Bprop%5D%29&cmd=DetailsSearch | accessdate=2017-05-20}}</ref><ref name="NCBI pseudo">{{cite web | title=Search results - 9&#91;CHR&#93; AND "Homo sapiens"&#91;Organism&#93; AND ("genetype pseudo"&#91;Properties&#93; AND alive&#91;prop&#93;)  - Gene | website=NCBI | date=2017-05-19 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?term=9%5BCHR%5D%20AND%20%22Homo%20sapiens%22%5BOrganism%5D%20AND%20%28%22genetype%20pseudo%22%5BProperties%5D%20AND%20alive%5Bprop%5D%29&cmd=DetailsSearch | accessdate=2017-05-20}}</ref>
| 2017-05-19
|}


==Genes==
[[image:Chromosome 9.svg|125px|right]]
The following are some of the genes located on chromosome 9:
The following are some of the genes located on chromosome 9:
* [[ABO blood group system|ABO]]: ABO histo-blood group glycosyltransferases
[[File:Ics-codablock-blood-bag sample.jpg|thumb|[[ABO (gene)|ABO gene]] which determines [[ABO blood type]], is located on the long arm of this chromosome. (Location: 9q34.2)]]
* [[ABO (gene)|ABO]]: ABO histo-blood group glycosyltransferases
* [[ACTL7A]]: encoding [[protein]] Actin-like protein 7A
* [[ADAMTS13]]: ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 13
* [[ADAMTS13]]: ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 13
* [[AIF1L]]: allograft inflammatory factor 1-like
* [[ALAD]]: aminolevulinate, delta-, dehydratase
* [[ALAD]]: aminolevulinate, delta-, dehydratase
* [[ALS4]]: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 4
* [[ALS4]]: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 4
* [[ANGPTL2]]: angiopoietin-related protein 2
* [[ASS (gene)|ASS]]: argininosuccinate synthetase
* [[ASS (gene)|ASS]]: argininosuccinate synthetase
* [[Zinc finger protein basonuclin-2|BNC2]]: zinc finger protein basonuclin-2
* [[C9orf64]]: chromosome 9 open reading frame 64
* [[C9orf78]]: encoding [[protein]] Uncharacterized protein C9orf78
* [[C9orf84]]: chromosome 9 open reading frame 84
* [[C9orf135]]: encoding [[protein]] [[Chromosome 9 open reading frame 135]]
* [[C9orf152]]: chromosome 9 open reading frame 152
* [[CAAP1]]: caspase activity and apoptosis inhibitor 1
* [[BinCARD|CARD19]]: caspase recruitment domain family member 19
* [[CBWD1]]: COBW domain-containing protein 1
* [[CCDC180]]: Coiled coil domain-containing protein 180
* [[CCL21]]: chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21, SCYA21
* [[CCL21]]: chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21, SCYA21
* [[CCL27]]: chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 27, SCYA27
* [[CCL27]]: chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 27, SCYA27
* [[CHMP5]]: Charged multivesicular body protein 5
* [[CNTLN]]: centlein
* [[COL5A1]]: collagen, type V, alpha 1
* [[COL5A1]]: collagen, type V, alpha 1
* [[DDX31]]: DEAD box polypeptide 31
* [[DENND1A]]: DENN domain-containing protein 1A
* [[ENG (gene)|ENG]]: endoglin (Osler-Rendu-Weber syndrome 1)
* [[ENG (gene)|ENG]]: endoglin (Osler-Rendu-Weber syndrome 1)
* [[ENTPD2]]: encoding [[enzyme]] ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2
* [[EQTN]]: equatorin
* [[FAM73B]]: family with sequence similarity 73 member B
* [[FAM120A]]: Family with sequence similarity 120 member A
* [[FAM122A (gene)|FAM122a]]: encoding [[protein]] Family with sequence similarity 122A
* [[Fibrinogen c domain containing 1|FIBCD1]]: encoding [[protein]] Fibrinogen C domain containing 1
* [[KIAA1797|FOCAD]]: focadhesin
* [[FXN]]: frataxin
* [[FXN]]: frataxin
* [[GALT (gene)|GALT]]: galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
* [[GALT (gene)|GALT]]: galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
* [[GAS1]]: growth arrest-specific protein 1
* [[GCNT1]]: glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 1
* [[GLE1L]]: Nucleoporin GLE1
* [[GPR107]]: G protein-coupled receptor 107
* [[GRHPR]]: glyoxylate redasductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase
* [[GRHPR]]: glyoxylate redasductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase
* [[HAUS6]]: HAUS augmin-like complex subunit 6
* [[IFN1@]]: Interferon, type 1, cluster
* [[IKBKAP]]: inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase complex-associated protein
* [[IKBKAP]]: inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase complex-associated protein
* [[Insulin like 6|INSL6]]: insulin like 6
* [[ISCA1]]: iron-sulfur cluster assembly 1 homolog, mitochondrial
* [[KIAA1958]]: protein KIAA1958
* [[KYAT1]]: Kynurenine aminotransferase 1
* [[LINGO2]]: leucine rich repeat and Ig domain containing 2
* [[MGC50722]]: Protein MGC50722, Uncharacterized Protein LOC399693
* [[Mir181a2 host gene|MIR181A2HG]] encoding [[protein]] MIR181A2 host gene
* [[MIR7-1]]: microRNA 7-1
* [[Microseminoprotein, prostate associated| MSMP]]: encoding [[protein]] Microseminoprotein, prostate associated
* [[MTAP]]: S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine phosphorylase
* [[NAA35]]: encoding [[protein]] N(alpha)-acetyltransferase 35, NatC auxiliary subunit
* [[NANS]]: N-acetylneuraminate synthase
* [[NINJ1]]: ninjurin-1
* [[NOL6]]: nucleolar protein 6
* [[NUDT2]]: nudix hydrolase 2
* [[OLFM1]]: olfactomedin 1
* [[PHF2]]: PHD finger protein 2
* [[PHPT1]]: phosphohistidine phosphatase 1
* [[PIP5K1B]]: phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 beta
* [[Phospholipase A-2-activating protein|PLAA]]: phospholipase A-2-activating protein
* [[PMPCA]]: mitochondrial processing alpha subunit
* [[PRUNE2]]: protein prune homolog 2
* [[RABGAP1]]: RAB GTPase activating protein 1
* [[REXO4]]: RNA exonuclease 4
* [[RNF183]]: encoding [[protein]] Ring finger protein 183
* [[SARDH]]: sarcosine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
* [[SIT1]]: signaling threshold regulating transmembrane adapter 1
* [[SLC25A25-AS1]]: encoding [[protein]] SLC25A25 antisense RNA 1
* [[SPAG8]] sperm-associated antigen 8
* [[SPIN1]]: spindlin-1
* [[ST6GALNAC4]] encoding [[enzyme]] ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 4, also known as sialyltransferase 3C (SIAT3-C) or sialyltransferase 7D (SIAT7-D)
* [[ST6GALNAC6]]: ST6 N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 6
* [[STOML2]]: stomatin-like protein 2
* [[STRBP]]: spermatid perinuclear RNA-binding protein
* [[TEX10]]: testis expressed 10
* [[TGF beta receptor 1|TGFBR1]]: transforming growth factor beta, receptor type I
* [[TMC1]]: transmembrane channel-like 1
* [[TMC1]]: transmembrane channel-like 1
* [[TSC1]]: tuberous sclerosis 1
* [[TMEM215]]: encoding [[protein]] Transmembrane protein 215
* [[TMEM268]]: Transmembrane protein 268
* [[TOR2A]] encoding [[protein]] Torsin-2A
* [[TSC1]]: tuberous sclerosis complex]] 1
* [[Tetratricopeptide repeat protein 39B|TTC39B]]: tetratricopeptide repeat protein 39B
* [[UBAC1]]: ubiquitin-associated domain containing protein 1
* [[UBAP1]]: ubiquitin-associated protein 1
* [[UBAP2]]: ubiquitin-associated protein 2
* [[Zinc finger and btb domain containing 43|ZBTB43]]: zinc finger and BTB domain containing 43
* [[ZCCHC6]]: zinc finger, CCHC domain containing 6
* [[Zinc finger dhhc-type containing 21|ZDHHC21]]: zinc finger DHHC-type containing 21
* [[ZNF79]]: zinc finger protein 79
* [[Zinc finger protein 510|ZNF510]]: zinc finger protein 510


==Diseases & disorders==
==Diseases and disorders==
The following diseases are some of those related to genes on chromosome 9:
The following diseases are some of those related to genes on chromosome 9:
* [[ALAD deficiency porphyria]]
{{div col |3}}
* [[amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]] (ALS)
* [[acytosiosis]]
* [[ALA-D deficiency porphyria]]
* [[citrullinemia]]
* [[citrullinemia]]
* [[chronic myelogenous leukemia]] (t9;22 - the [[Philadelphia chromosome]])
* Diaphyseal Medullary Stenosis with Malignant Fibrous Histiosytoma (DMS-MFH, [[Hardcastle Syndrome]])
* [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]
* [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]
* [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, classical type]]
* [[familial dysautonomia]]
* [[familial dysautonomia]]
* [[Friedreich ataxia]]
* [[Friedreich ataxia]]
* [[galactosemia]]
* [[galactosemia]]
* [[Gorlin syndrome]] or Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma syndrome  
* [[Gorlin syndrome]] or nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome  
* [[hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]
* [[hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]
* [[Nail-patella syndrome]] (NPS)
* [[lethal congenital contracture syndrome]]
* [[nail-patella syndrome]] (NPS)
* [[nonsyndromic deafness]]
* [[nonsyndromic deafness]]
* [[nonsyndromic deafness, autosomal dominant]]
* [[OCD]]
* [[nonsyndromic deafness, autosomal recessive]]
* [[polycythemia vera]]
* [[porphyria]]
* [[porphyria]]
* [[primary hyperoxaluria]]
* [[primary hyperoxaluria]]
* [[Tangier's disease]]
* [[tetrasomy 9p]]
* [[thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]]
* [[thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]]
* [[trisomy 9]]
* [[tuberous sclerosis]]
* [[tuberous sclerosis]]
* [[VLDLR-associated cerebellar hypoplasia]]
{{div col end}}


{{Chromosomes}}
==Cytogenetic band==
{{multiple image
| header = G-banding ideograms of human chromosome 9
| total_width = 400
| image1 = Human chromosome 9 ideogram vertical.svg
| width1 = 216
| height1= 1125
| caption1 = G-banding ideogram of human chromosome 9 in resolution 850 bphs. Band length in this diagram is proportional to base-pair length. This type of ideogram is generally used in genome browsers (e.g. [[Ensembl]], [[UCSC Genome Browser]]).
| image2 = Human chromosome 09 - 400 550 850 bphs.png
| width2 = 1003
| height2= 2801
| caption2 = G-banding patterns of human chromosome 9 in three different resolutions (400,<ref name="400bphs">Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. [ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/gdp/ideogram_9606_GCF_000001305.14_400_V1 Ideogram data for Homo sapience (400 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3)]. Last update 2014-03-04. Retrieved 2017-04-26.</ref> 550<ref name="550bphs">Genome Decoration Page, NCBI.  [ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/gdp/ideogram_9606_GCF_000001305.14_550_V1 Ideogram data for Homo sapience (550 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3)]. Last update 2015-08-11. Retrieved 2017-04-26.</ref> and 850<ref name="850bphs">Genome Decoration Page, NCBI.  [ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/gdp/ideogram_9606_GCF_000001305.14_850_V1 Ideogram data for Homo sapience (850 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3)]. Last update 2014-06-03. Retrieved 2017-04-26.</ref>). Band length in this diagram is based on the ideograms from ISCN (2013).<ref name="Nomenclature2013">{{cite book|author=International Standing Committee on Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature|title=ISCN 2013: An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2013)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lGCLrh0DIwEC|year=2013|publisher=Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers|isbn=978-3-318-02253-7}}</ref> This type of ideogram represents actual relative band length observed under a microscope at the different moments during the [[Mitosis|mitotic process]].<ref name="SethakulvichaiManitpornsut2012">{{cite journal|last1=Sethakulvichai|first1=W.|last2=Manitpornsut|first2=S.|last3=Wiboonrat|first3=M.|last4=Lilakiatsakun|first4=W.|last5=Assawamakin|first5=A.|last6=Tongsima|first6=S.|title=Estimation of band level resolutions of human chromosome images|year=2012|pages=276–282|journal=In Computer Science and Software Engineering (JCSSE), 2012 International Joint Conference on|doi=10.1109/JCSSE.2012.6261965|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Anunchai_Assawamakin/publication/261304470_Estimation_of_band_level_resolutions_of_human_chromosome_images/links/5459f7ff0cf2cf516483fffd/Estimation-of-band-level-resolutions-of-human-chromosome-images.pdf}}</ref>
}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"
|+ [[G banding|G-band]]s of human chromosome 9 in resolution 850 bphs<ref>Genome Decoration Page, NCBI.  [ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/gdp/ideogram_9606_GCF_000001305.14_850_V1 Ideogram data for Homo sapience (850 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3)]. Last update 2014-06-03. Retrieved 2017-04-26.</ref>
! Chr.
! Arm<ref>"'''p'''": Short arm; "'''q'''": Long arm.</ref>
! Band<ref>For cytogenetic banding nomenclature, see article [[Locus (genetics)|locus]].</ref>
! ISCN<br/>start<ref name="ISCN">These values (ISCN start/stop) are based on the length of bands/ideograms from the ISCN book, An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2013). [[Arbitrary unit]].</ref>
! ISCN<br/>stop<ref name="ISCN"/>
! Basepair<br/>start
! Basepair<br/>stop
! Stain<ref>'''gpos''': Region which is positively stained by [[G banding]], generally [[GC-content|AT-rich]] and gene poor; '''gneg''': Region which is negatively stained by G banding, generally [[GC-content|CG-rich]] and gene rich; '''acen''' [[Centromere]]. '''var''': Variable region; '''stalk''': Stalk.</ref>
! Density
|-
| 9 || p
|style="text-align:left"| 24.3 || 0 || 127 || {{val|1|fmt=commas}} || {{val|2200000|fmt=commas}}
| style="background:white"| gneg ||
|-
| 9 || p
|style="text-align:left"| 24.2 || 127 || 268 || {{val|2200001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|4600000|fmt=commas}}
|style="background:#d9d9d9"| gpos || 25
|-
| 9 || p
|style="text-align:left"| 24.1 || 268 || 451 || {{val|4600001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|9000000|fmt=commas}}
| style="background:white"| gneg ||
|-
| 9 || p
|style="text-align:left"| 23 || 451 || 677 || {{val|9000001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|14200000|fmt=commas}}
|style="background:#636363; color:white;"| gpos || 75
|-
| 9 || p
|style="text-align:left"| 22.3 || 677 || 846 || {{val|14200001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|16600000|fmt=commas}}
| style="background:white"| gneg ||
|-
| 9 || p
|style="text-align:left"| 22.2 || 846 || 987 || {{val|16600001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|18500000|fmt=commas}}
|style="background:#d9d9d9"| gpos || 25
|-
| 9 || p
|style="text-align:left"| 22.1 || 987 || 1085 || {{val|18500001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|19900000|fmt=commas}}
| style="background:white"| gneg ||
|-
| 9 || p
|style="text-align:left"| 21.3 || 1085 || 1297 || {{val|19900001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|25600000|fmt=commas}}
|style="background:black; color:white;"| gpos || 100
|-
| 9 || p
|style="text-align:left"| 21.2 || 1297 || 1395 || {{val|25600001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|28000000|fmt=commas}}
| style="background:white"| gneg ||
|-
| 9 || p
|style="text-align:left"| 21.1 || 1395 || 1621 || {{val|28000001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|33200000|fmt=commas}}
|style="background:black; color:white;"| gpos || 100
|-
| 9 || p
|style="text-align:left"| 13.3 || 1621 || 1917 || {{val|33200001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|36300000|fmt=commas}}
| style="background:white"| gneg ||
|-
| 9 || p
|style="text-align:left"| 13.2 || 1917 || 2030 || {{val|36300001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|37900000|fmt=commas}}
|style="background:#d9d9d9"| gpos || 25
|-
| 9 || p
|style="text-align:left"| 13.1 || 2030 || 2171 || {{val|37900001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|39000000|fmt=commas}}
| style="background:white"| gneg ||
|-
| 9 || p
|style="text-align:left"| 12 || 2171 || 2312 || {{val|39000001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|40000000|fmt=commas}}
|style="background:#979797"| gpos || 50
|-
| 9 || p
|style="text-align:left"| 11.2 || 2312 || 2523 || {{val|40000001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|42200000|fmt=commas}}
| style="background:white"| gneg ||
|-
| 9 || p
|style="text-align:left"| 11.1 || 2523 || 2650 || {{val|42200001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|43000000|fmt=commas}}
|style="background:#6e7f8f; color:white;"| acen ||
|-
| 9 || q
|style="text-align:left"| 11 || 2650 || 2876 || {{val|43000001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|45500000|fmt=commas}}
|style="background:#6e7f8f; color:white;"| acen ||
|-
| 9 || q
|style="text-align:left"| 12 || 2876 || 3468 || {{val|45500001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|61500000|fmt=commas}}
|style="background:#e0e0e0"| gvar ||
|-
| 9 || q
|style="text-align:left"| 13 || 3468 || 3609 || {{val|61500001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|65000000|fmt=commas}}
| style="background:white"| gneg ||
|-
| 9 || q
|style="text-align:left"| 21.11 || 3609 || 3792 || {{val|65000001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|69300000|fmt=commas}}
|style="background:#d9d9d9"| gpos || 25
|-
| 9 || q
|style="text-align:left"| 21.12 || 3792 || 3876 || {{val|69300001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|71300000|fmt=commas}}
| style="background:white"| gneg ||
|-
| 9 || q
|style="text-align:left"| 21.13 || 3876 || 4060 || {{val|71300001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|76600000|fmt=commas}}
|style="background:#979797"| gpos || 50
|-
| 9 || q
|style="text-align:left"| 21.2 || 4060 || 4229 || {{val|76600001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|78500000|fmt=commas}}
| style="background:white"| gneg ||
|-
| 9 || q
|style="text-align:left"| 21.31 || 4229 || 4440 || {{val|78500001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|81500000|fmt=commas}}
|style="background:#979797"| gpos || 50
|-
| 9 || q
|style="text-align:left"| 21.32 || 4440 || 4638 || {{val|81500001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|84300000|fmt=commas}}
| style="background:white"| gneg ||
|-
| 9 || q
|style="text-align:left"| 21.33 || 4638 || 4835 || {{val|84300001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|87800000|fmt=commas}}
|style="background:#979797"| gpos || 50
|-
| 9 || q
|style="text-align:left"| 22.1 || 4835 || 5074 || {{val|87800001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|89200000|fmt=commas}}
| style="background:white"| gneg ||
|-
| 9 || q
|style="text-align:left"| 22.2 || 5074 || 5173 || {{val|89200001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|91200000|fmt=commas}}
|style="background:#d9d9d9"| gpos || 25
|-
| 9 || q
|style="text-align:left"| 22.31 || 5173 || 5314 || {{val|91200001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|93900000|fmt=commas}}
| style="background:white"| gneg ||
|-
| 9 || q
|style="text-align:left"| 22.32 || 5314 || 5455 || {{val|93900001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|96500000|fmt=commas}}
|style="background:#d9d9d9"| gpos || 25
|-
| 9 || q
|style="text-align:left"| 22.33 || 5455 || 5638 || {{val|96500001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|99800000|fmt=commas}}
| style="background:white"| gneg ||
|-
| 9 || q
|style="text-align:left"| 31.1 || 5638 || 5892 || {{val|99800001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|105400000|fmt=commas}}
|style="background:black; color:white;"| gpos || 100
|-
| 9 || q
|style="text-align:left"| 31.2 || 5892 || 6005 || {{val|105400001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|108500000|fmt=commas}}
| style="background:white"| gneg ||
|-
| 9 || q
|style="text-align:left"| 31.3 || 6005 || 6146 || {{val|108500001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|112100000|fmt=commas}}
|style="background:#d9d9d9"| gpos || 25
|-
| 9 || q
|style="text-align:left"| 32 || 6146 || 6456 || {{val|112100001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|114900000|fmt=commas}}
| style="background:white"| gneg ||
|-
| 9 || q
|style="text-align:left"| 33.1 || 6456 || 6681 || {{val|114900001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|119800000|fmt=commas}}
|style="background:#636363; color:white;"| gpos || 75
|-
| 9 || q
|style="text-align:left"| 33.2 || 6681 || 6822 || {{val|119800001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|123100000|fmt=commas}}
| style="background:white"| gneg ||
|-
| 9 || q
|style="text-align:left"| 33.3 || 6822 || 6949 || {{val|123100001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|127500000|fmt=commas}}
|style="background:#d9d9d9"| gpos || 25
|-
| 9 || q
|style="text-align:left"| 34.11 || 6949 || 7217 || {{val|127500001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|130600000|fmt=commas}}
| style="background:white"| gneg ||
|-
| 9 || q
|style="text-align:left"| 34.12 || 7217 || 7302 || {{val|130600001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|131100000|fmt=commas}}
|style="background:#d9d9d9"| gpos || 25
|-
| 9 || q
|style="text-align:left"| 34.13 || 7302 || 7443 || {{val|131100001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|133100000|fmt=commas}}
| style="background:white"| gneg ||
|-
| 9 || q
|style="text-align:left"| 34.2 || 7443 || 7555 || {{val|133100001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|134500000|fmt=commas}}
|style="background:#d9d9d9"| gpos || 25
|-
| 9 || q
|style="text-align:left"| 34.3 || 7555 || 7950 || {{val|134500001|fmt=commas}} || {{val|138394717|fmt=commas}}
| style="background:white"| gneg ||
|}


==References==
==References==
* {{cite journal | author=Gilbert F, Kauff N | title=Disease genes and chromosomes: disease maps of the human genome. Chromosome 9 | journal=Genet Test | year=2001 | pages=157-74 | volume=5 | issue=2  | id=PMID 11551106}}
{{Reflist}}
{{refbegin|2|refs=}}
* {{cite journal |vauthors=Gilbert F, Kauff N | title=Disease genes and chromosomes: disease maps of the human genome. Chromosome 9 | journal=Genet Test | year=2001 | pages=157–74 | volume=5 | issue=2  | pmid=11551106 | doi=10.1089/109065701753145664}}
* {{cite journal | author=Humphray SJ | title=DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9 | journal=Nature | year=2004 | pages=369–74 | volume=429 | issue=6990  | pmid=15164053 | doi=10.1038/nature02465 | pmc=2734081 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Oliver K | author3=Hunt AR | display-authors=3 | last4=Plumb | first4=R. W. | last5=Loveland | first5=J. E. | last6=Howe | first6=K. L. | last7=Andrews | first7=T. D. | last8=Searle | first8=S. | last9=Hunt | first9=S. E.}}
* {{cite journal |vauthors=Wicking C, Berkman J, Wainwright B | title=Fine genetic mapping of the gene for nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. Chromosome 9 | journal=Genomics | year=1994 | pages=505–11 | volume=22 | issue=3  | pmid=8001963 | doi=10.1006/geno.1994.1423}}
* {{cite journal |vauthors=Mäkelä-Bengs P, Järvinen N, Vuopala K, Suomalainen A, Palotie A, Peltonen L | title = The assignment the lethal congenital contracture syndrome (LCCS) locus to chromosome 9q33-34 | journal = Am. J. Hum. Genet. | volume = 61 | issue = suppl | pages = A30 | year = 1997 | pmid =  | doi = | url = | issn = }}
{{refend}}


* {{cite journal | author=Humphray SJ, Oliver K, Hunt AR, et al. | title=DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9 | journal=Nature | year=2004 | pages=369-74 | volume=429 | issue=6990  | id=PMID 15164053}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|Human chromosome 9}}
* {{cite web | author= National Institutes of Health  | title= Chromosome 9 | work= Genetics Home Reference | url= http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/chromosome=9| accessdate=2017-05-06}}
* {{Cite web|url=http://web.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/posters/chromosome/chromo09.shtml|title=Chromosome 9|website=Human Genome Project Information Archive 1990–2003|access-date=2017-05-06}}


* {{cite journal | author=Wicking C, Berkman J, Wainwright B | title=Fine genetic mapping of the gene for nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. Chromosome 9 | journal=Genomics | year=1994 | pages=505-11 | volume=22 | issue=3  | id=PMID 8001963}}
{{Chromosomes}}
 
{{Chromosome genetics}}
[[Category:Chromosomes]]
 
[[de:Chromosom 9 (Mensch)]]
[[fr:Chromosome 9 humain]]
[[it:Cromosoma 9 (umano)]]
[[hu:Humán 9-es kromoszóma]]
[[no:Kromosom 9]]
[[pl:Chromosom 9]]
[[pt:Cromossoma 9 (humano)]]
[[sr:Хромозом 9 (човек)]]
[[tr:Kromozom 9]]
[[zh:9號染色體 (人類)]]


{{WH}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chromosome 09 (Human)}}
{{WS}}
[[Category:Chromosomes (human)]]
{{jb1}}
[[Category:Genes on human chromosome 9|*]]

Latest revision as of 12:44, 29 November 2017

Chromosome 9 (human)
File:Human male karyotpe high resolution - Chromosome 9 cropped.png
Human chromosome 9 pair after G-banding.
One is from mother, one is from father.
File:Human male karyotpe high resolution - Chromosome 9.png
Chromosome 9 pair
in human male karyogram.
Features
Length (bp)138,394,717 bp
(GRCh38)[1]
No. of genes739 (CCDS)[2]
TypeAutosome
Centromere positionSubmetacentric[3]
(43.0 Mbp[4])
Complete gene lists
CCDS?
HGNC?
UniProt?
NCBI?
External map viewers
EnsemblChromosome 9
EntrezChromosome 9
NCBIChromosome 9
UCSCChromosome 9
Full DNA sequences
RefSeqNC_000009 (FASTA)
GenBankCM000671 (FASTA)

Chromosome 9 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome, as they normally do with all chromosomes. Chromosome 9 spans about 138 million base pairs of nucleic acids (the building blocks of DNA) and represents between 4 and 4.5 percent of the total DNA in cells.

Genes

See also: Category:Genes on human chromosome 9.

The following are some of the gene count estimates of human chromosome 9. Because researchers use different approaches to genome annotation their predictions of the number of genes on each chromosome varies (for technical details, see gene prediction). Among various projects, the collaborative consensus coding sequence project (CCDS) takes an extremely conservative strategy. So CCDS's gene number prediction represents a lower bound on the total number of human protein-coding genes.[5]

Estimated by Protein-coding genes Non-coding RNA genes Pseudogenes Source Release date
CCDS 739 - - [2] 2016-09-08
HGNC 749 246 590 [6] 2017-05-12
Ensembl 775 788 663 [7] 2017-03-29
NCBI 822 830 738 [8][9][10] 2017-05-19

The following are some of the genes located on chromosome 9:

File:Ics-codablock-blood-bag sample.jpg
ABO gene which determines ABO blood type, is located on the long arm of this chromosome. (Location: 9q34.2)
  • ABO: ABO histo-blood group glycosyltransferases
  • ACTL7A: encoding protein Actin-like protein 7A
  • ADAMTS13: ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 13
  • AIF1L: allograft inflammatory factor 1-like
  • ALAD: aminolevulinate, delta-, dehydratase
  • ALS4: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 4
  • ANGPTL2: angiopoietin-related protein 2
  • ASS: argininosuccinate synthetase
  • BNC2: zinc finger protein basonuclin-2
  • C9orf64: chromosome 9 open reading frame 64
  • C9orf78: encoding protein Uncharacterized protein C9orf78
  • C9orf84: chromosome 9 open reading frame 84
  • C9orf135: encoding protein Chromosome 9 open reading frame 135
  • C9orf152: chromosome 9 open reading frame 152
  • CAAP1: caspase activity and apoptosis inhibitor 1
  • CARD19: caspase recruitment domain family member 19
  • CBWD1: COBW domain-containing protein 1
  • CCDC180: Coiled coil domain-containing protein 180
  • CCL21: chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21, SCYA21
  • CCL27: chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 27, SCYA27
  • CHMP5: Charged multivesicular body protein 5
  • CNTLN: centlein
  • COL5A1: collagen, type V, alpha 1
  • DDX31: DEAD box polypeptide 31
  • DENND1A: DENN domain-containing protein 1A
  • ENG: endoglin (Osler-Rendu-Weber syndrome 1)
  • ENTPD2: encoding enzyme ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2
  • EQTN: equatorin
  • FAM73B: family with sequence similarity 73 member B
  • FAM120A: Family with sequence similarity 120 member A
  • FAM122a: encoding protein Family with sequence similarity 122A
  • FIBCD1: encoding protein Fibrinogen C domain containing 1
  • FOCAD: focadhesin
  • FXN: frataxin
  • GALT: galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
  • GAS1: growth arrest-specific protein 1
  • GCNT1: glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 1
  • GLE1L: Nucleoporin GLE1
  • GPR107: G protein-coupled receptor 107
  • GRHPR: glyoxylate redasductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase
  • HAUS6: HAUS augmin-like complex subunit 6
  • IFN1@: Interferon, type 1, cluster
  • IKBKAP: inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase complex-associated protein
  • INSL6: insulin like 6
  • ISCA1: iron-sulfur cluster assembly 1 homolog, mitochondrial
  • KIAA1958: protein KIAA1958
  • KYAT1: Kynurenine aminotransferase 1
  • LINGO2: leucine rich repeat and Ig domain containing 2
  • MGC50722: Protein MGC50722, Uncharacterized Protein LOC399693
  • MIR181A2HG encoding protein MIR181A2 host gene
  • MIR7-1: microRNA 7-1
  • MSMP: encoding protein Microseminoprotein, prostate associated
  • MTAP: S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine phosphorylase
  • NAA35: encoding protein N(alpha)-acetyltransferase 35, NatC auxiliary subunit
  • NANS: N-acetylneuraminate synthase
  • NINJ1: ninjurin-1
  • NOL6: nucleolar protein 6
  • NUDT2: nudix hydrolase 2
  • OLFM1: olfactomedin 1
  • PHF2: PHD finger protein 2
  • PHPT1: phosphohistidine phosphatase 1
  • PIP5K1B: phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 beta
  • PLAA: phospholipase A-2-activating protein
  • PMPCA: mitochondrial processing alpha subunit
  • PRUNE2: protein prune homolog 2
  • RABGAP1: RAB GTPase activating protein 1
  • REXO4: RNA exonuclease 4
  • RNF183: encoding protein Ring finger protein 183
  • SARDH: sarcosine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
  • SIT1: signaling threshold regulating transmembrane adapter 1
  • SLC25A25-AS1: encoding protein SLC25A25 antisense RNA 1
  • SPAG8 sperm-associated antigen 8
  • SPIN1: spindlin-1
  • ST6GALNAC4 encoding enzyme ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 4, also known as sialyltransferase 3C (SIAT3-C) or sialyltransferase 7D (SIAT7-D)
  • ST6GALNAC6: ST6 N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 6
  • STOML2: stomatin-like protein 2
  • STRBP: spermatid perinuclear RNA-binding protein
  • TEX10: testis expressed 10
  • TGFBR1: transforming growth factor beta, receptor type I
  • TMC1: transmembrane channel-like 1
  • TMEM215: encoding protein Transmembrane protein 215
  • TMEM268: Transmembrane protein 268
  • TOR2A encoding protein Torsin-2A
  • TSC1: tuberous sclerosis complex]] 1
  • TTC39B: tetratricopeptide repeat protein 39B
  • UBAC1: ubiquitin-associated domain containing protein 1
  • UBAP1: ubiquitin-associated protein 1
  • UBAP2: ubiquitin-associated protein 2
  • ZBTB43: zinc finger and BTB domain containing 43
  • ZCCHC6: zinc finger, CCHC domain containing 6
  • ZDHHC21: zinc finger DHHC-type containing 21
  • ZNF79: zinc finger protein 79
  • ZNF510: zinc finger protein 510

Diseases and disorders

The following diseases are some of those related to genes on chromosome 9:

Cytogenetic band

G-banding ideograms of human chromosome 9
File:Human chromosome 9 ideogram vertical.svg
G-banding ideogram of human chromosome 9 in resolution 850 bphs. Band length in this diagram is proportional to base-pair length. This type of ideogram is generally used in genome browsers (e.g. Ensembl, UCSC Genome Browser).
File:Human chromosome 09 - 400 550 850 bphs.png
G-banding patterns of human chromosome 9 in three different resolutions (400,[11] 550[12] and 850[4]). Band length in this diagram is based on the ideograms from ISCN (2013).[13] This type of ideogram represents actual relative band length observed under a microscope at the different moments during the mitotic process.[14]
G-bands of human chromosome 9 in resolution 850 bphs[15]
Chr. Arm[16] Band[17] ISCN
start[18] 		ISCN
stop[18] 		Basepair
start 		Basepair
stop 		Stain[19] Density
9 p 24.3 0 127 1 2,200,000 gneg
9 p 24.2 127 268 2,200,001 4,600,000 gpos 25
9 p 24.1 268 451 4,600,001 9,000,000 gneg
9 p 23 451 677 9,000,001 14,200,000 gpos 75
9 p 22.3 677 846 14,200,001 16,600,000 gneg
9 p 22.2 846 987 16,600,001 18,500,000 gpos 25
9 p 22.1 987 1085 18,500,001 19,900,000 gneg
9 p 21.3 1085 1297 19,900,001 25,600,000 gpos 100
9 p 21.2 1297 1395 25,600,001 28,000,000 gneg
9 p 21.1 1395 1621 28,000,001 33,200,000 gpos 100
9 p 13.3 1621 1917 33,200,001 36,300,000 gneg
9 p 13.2 1917 2030 36,300,001 37,900,000 gpos 25
9 p 13.1 2030 2171 37,900,001 39,000,000 gneg
9 p 12 2171 2312 39,000,001 40,000,000 gpos 50
9 p 11.2 2312 2523 40,000,001 42,200,000 gneg
9 p 11.1 2523 2650 42,200,001 43,000,000 acen
9 q 11 2650 2876 43,000,001 45,500,000 acen
9 q 12 2876 3468 45,500,001 61,500,000 gvar
9 q 13 3468 3609 61,500,001 65,000,000 gneg
9 q 21.11 3609 3792 65,000,001 69,300,000 gpos 25
9 q 21.12 3792 3876 69,300,001 71,300,000 gneg
9 q 21.13 3876 4060 71,300,001 76,600,000 gpos 50
9 q 21.2 4060 4229 76,600,001 78,500,000 gneg
9 q 21.31 4229 4440 78,500,001 81,500,000 gpos 50
9 q 21.32 4440 4638 81,500,001 84,300,000 gneg
9 q 21.33 4638 4835 84,300,001 87,800,000 gpos 50
9 q 22.1 4835 5074 87,800,001 89,200,000 gneg
9 q 22.2 5074 5173 89,200,001 91,200,000 gpos 25
9 q 22.31 5173 5314 91,200,001 93,900,000 gneg
9 q 22.32 5314 5455 93,900,001 96,500,000 gpos 25
9 q 22.33 5455 5638 96,500,001 99,800,000 gneg
9 q 31.1 5638 5892 99,800,001 105,400,000 gpos 100
9 q 31.2 5892 6005 105,400,001 108,500,000 gneg
9 q 31.3 6005 6146 108,500,001 112,100,000 gpos 25
9 q 32 6146 6456 112,100,001 114,900,000 gneg
9 q 33.1 6456 6681 114,900,001 119,800,000 gpos 75
9 q 33.2 6681 6822 119,800,001 123,100,000 gneg
9 q 33.3 6822 6949 123,100,001 127,500,000 gpos 25
9 q 34.11 6949 7217 127,500,001 130,600,000 gneg
9 q 34.12 7217 7302 130,600,001 131,100,000 gpos 25
9 q 34.13 7302 7443 131,100,001 133,100,000 gneg
9 q 34.2 7443 7555 133,100,001 134,500,000 gpos 25
9 q 34.3 7555 7950 134,500,001 138,394,717 gneg

References

  1. ↑ "Human Genome Assembly GRCh38 - Genome Reference Consortium". National Center for Biotechnology Information. 2013-12-24. Retrieved 2017-03-04.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Search results - 1[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND ("has ccds"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene". NCBI. CCDS Release 20 for Homo sapiens. 2016-09-08. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
  3. ↑ Tom Strachan; Andrew Read (2 April 2010). Human Molecular Genetics. Garland Science. p. 45. ISBN 978-1-136-84407-2.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. Ideogram data for Homo sapience (850 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3). Last update 2014-06-03. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  5. ↑ Pertea M, Salzberg SL (2010). "Between a chicken and a grape: estimating the number of human genes". Genome Biol. 11 (5): 206. doi:10.1186/gb-2010-11-5-206. PMC 2898077. PMID 20441615.
  6. ↑ "Statistics & Downloads for chromosome 9". HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee. 2017-05-12. Retrieved 2017-05-19.
  7. ↑ "Chromosome 9: Chromosome summary - Homo sapiens". Ensembl Release 88. 2017-03-29. Retrieved 2017-05-19.
  8. ↑ "Search results - 9[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND ("genetype protein coding"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene". NCBI. 2017-05-19. Retrieved 2017-05-20.
  9. ↑ "Search results - 9[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND ( ("genetype miscrna"[Properties] OR "genetype ncrna"[Properties] OR "genetype rrna"[Properties] OR "genetype trna"[Properties] OR "genetype scrna"[Properties] OR "genetype snrna"[Properties] OR "genetype snorna"[Properties]) NOT "genetype protein coding"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene". NCBI. 2017-05-19. Retrieved 2017-05-20.
  10. ↑ "Search results - 9[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND ("genetype pseudo"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene". NCBI. 2017-05-19. Retrieved 2017-05-20.
  11. ↑ Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. Ideogram data for Homo sapience (400 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3). Last update 2014-03-04. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  12. ↑ Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. Ideogram data for Homo sapience (550 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3). Last update 2015-08-11. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  13. ↑ International Standing Committee on Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2013). ISCN 2013: An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2013). Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. ISBN 978-3-318-02253-7.
  14. ↑ Sethakulvichai, W.; Manitpornsut, S.; Wiboonrat, M.; Lilakiatsakun, W.; Assawamakin, A.; Tongsima, S. (2012). "Estimation of band level resolutions of human chromosome images" (PDF). In Computer Science and Software Engineering (JCSSE), 2012 International Joint Conference on: 276–282. doi:10.1109/JCSSE.2012.6261965.
  15. ↑ Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. Ideogram data for Homo sapience (850 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3). Last update 2014-06-03. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  16. ↑ "p": Short arm; "q": Long arm.
  17. ↑ For cytogenetic banding nomenclature, see article locus.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 These values (ISCN start/stop) are based on the length of bands/ideograms from the ISCN book, An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2013). Arbitrary unit.
  19. ↑ gpos: Region which is positively stained by G banding, generally AT-rich and gene poor; gneg: Region which is negatively stained by G banding, generally CG-rich and gene rich; acen Centromere. var: Variable region; stalk: Stalk.

External links

  • National Institutes of Health. "Chromosome 9". Genetics Home Reference. Retrieved 2017-05-06.
  • "Chromosome 9". Human Genome Project Information Archive 1990–2003. Retrieved 2017-05-06.
Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Chromosome_9_(human)&oldid=1422509"