Epistaxis risk factors: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Epistaxis}} | {{Epistaxis}} | ||
'''Editor in Chief''': [[User: | |||
== Overview == | '''Editor in Chief''': [[User:C Michael Gibson|C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.]] [[Mailto:charlesmichaelgibson@gmail.com|[1]]], {{AE}} [[User:Amir Bagheri|Amir Behzad Bagheri, M.D.]] {{Jose}} | ||
==Overview== | |||
The most common risk factor of [[epistaxis]] is [[trauma]]. Other risk factors include [[coagulopathies]], [[infections]] and [[vascular abnormalities]]. It can occur spontaneously. Childhood and senility are unchangeable risk factors. | |||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
* | |||
* | *Trauma is the most common risk factor of epistaxis. Childhood and senility are unchangeable risk factors. Other risk factors are:<ref name="TunkelAnne2020">{{cite journal|last1=Tunkel|first1=David E.|last2=Anne|first2=Samantha|last3=Payne|first3=Spencer C.|last4=Ishman|first4=Stacey L.|last5=Rosenfeld|first5=Richard M.|last6=Abramson|first6=Peter J.|last7=Alikhaani|first7=Jacqueline D.|last8=Benoit|first8=Margo McKenna|last9=Bercovitz|first9=Rachel S.|last10=Brown|first10=Michael D.|last11=Chernobilsky|first11=Boris|last12=Feldstein|first12=David A.|last13=Hackell|first13=Jesse M.|last14=Holbrook|first14=Eric H.|last15=Holdsworth|first15=Sarah M.|last16=Lin|first16=Kenneth W.|last17=Lind|first17=Meredith Merz|last18=Poetker|first18=David M.|last19=Riley|first19=Charles A.|last20=Schneider|first20=John S.|last21=Seidman|first21=Michael D.|last22=Vadlamudi|first22=Venu|last23=Valdez|first23=Tulio A.|last24=Nnacheta|first24=Lorraine C.|last25=Monjur|first25=Taskin M.|title=Clinical Practice Guideline: Nosebleed (Epistaxis)|journal=Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery|volume=162|issue=1_suppl|year=2020|pages=S1–S38|issn=0194-5998|doi=10.1177/0194599819890327}}</ref> | ||
* | *'''Vascular abnormalities'''<ref name="KrulewitzFix2019">{{cite journal|last1=Krulewitz|first1=Neil Alexander|last2=Fix|first2=Megan Leigh|title=Epistaxis|journal=Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America|volume=37|issue=1|year=2019|pages=29–39|issn=07338627|doi=10.1016/j.emc.2018.09.005}}</ref> <ref name="DouglasWormald2007">{{cite journal|last1=Douglas|first1=Richard|last2=Wormald|first2=Peter-John|title=Update on epistaxis|journal=Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery|volume=15|issue=3|year=2007|pages=180–183|issn=1068-9508|doi=10.1097/MOO.0b013e32814b06ed}}</ref> | ||
**[[Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia]] | |||
**Congestive hearth failure | |||
**[[Granulomatosis with polyangitis]] | |||
*'''Infections''' | |||
*'''Coagulopathies:''' | |||
**[[Anticoagulants]] | |||
**[[Antiplatelet]] | |||
**[[von Willebrand disease]] | |||
**[[Leukemia]] | |||
**Other [[medications]] causing [[coagulopathy]] | |||
*[[Hypertension]] may be associated with [[epistaxis]]. A study has shown that incidence rates for [[epistaxis]] were significantly higher in the hypertensive patients, and they required [[posterior]] nasal packing more often than the control group (1.9% vs. 0.4%).<ref name="pmid32910190">{{cite journal| author=Byun H, Chung JH, Lee SH, Ryu J, Kim C, Shin JH| title=Association of Hypertension With the Risk and Severity of Epistaxis. | journal=JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg | year= 2020 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=32910190 | doi=10.1001/jamaoto.2020.2906 | pmc=7489409 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=32910190 }} </ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | ||
{{WikiDoc Sources}} | {{WikiDoc Sources}} | ||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Otolaryngology]] | |||
[[Category:Rhinology]] | |||
[[Category:First aid]] | |||
[[Category:Injuries]] | |||
Latest revision as of 20:54, 11 January 2021
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Editor in Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [[1]], Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amir Behzad Bagheri, M.D. José Eduardo Riceto Loyola Junior, M.D.[1]
Overview
The most common risk factor of epistaxis is trauma. Other risk factors include coagulopathies, infections and vascular abnormalities. It can occur spontaneously. Childhood and senility are unchangeable risk factors.
Risk Factors
- Trauma is the most common risk factor of epistaxis. Childhood and senility are unchangeable risk factors. Other risk factors are:[1]
- Vascular abnormalities[2] [3]
- Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
- Congestive hearth failure
- Granulomatosis with polyangitis
- Infections
- Coagulopathies:
- Hypertension may be associated with epistaxis. A study has shown that incidence rates for epistaxis were significantly higher in the hypertensive patients, and they required posterior nasal packing more often than the control group (1.9% vs. 0.4%).[4]
References
- ↑ Tunkel, David E.; Anne, Samantha; Payne, Spencer C.; Ishman, Stacey L.; Rosenfeld, Richard M.; Abramson, Peter J.; Alikhaani, Jacqueline D.; Benoit, Margo McKenna; Bercovitz, Rachel S.; Brown, Michael D.; Chernobilsky, Boris; Feldstein, David A.; Hackell, Jesse M.; Holbrook, Eric H.; Holdsworth, Sarah M.; Lin, Kenneth W.; Lind, Meredith Merz; Poetker, David M.; Riley, Charles A.; Schneider, John S.; Seidman, Michael D.; Vadlamudi, Venu; Valdez, Tulio A.; Nnacheta, Lorraine C.; Monjur, Taskin M. (2020). "Clinical Practice Guideline: Nosebleed (Epistaxis)". Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. 162 (1_suppl): S1–S38. doi:10.1177/0194599819890327. ISSN 0194-5998.
- ↑ Krulewitz, Neil Alexander; Fix, Megan Leigh (2019). "Epistaxis". Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 37 (1): 29–39. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2018.09.005. ISSN 0733-8627.
- ↑ Douglas, Richard; Wormald, Peter-John (2007). "Update on epistaxis". Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery. 15 (3): 180–183. doi:10.1097/MOO.0b013e32814b06ed. ISSN 1068-9508.
- ↑ Byun H, Chung JH, Lee SH, Ryu J, Kim C, Shin JH (2020). "Association of Hypertension With the Risk and Severity of Epistaxis". JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2020.2906. PMC 7489409 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 32910190 Check|pmid=value (help).