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==Overview==
==Overview==
In patients at risk of developing hyponatremia, preventing approaches has to be done to eliminate aggravation of hyponatremia.
==Primary Prevention==
==Primary Prevention==
* Hypotonic fluids and thiazide diuretics should be avoided, especially in patients at increased risk for hyponatremia.
* Avoid polypharmacy in elderly, espceially thiazide diuretics and anti-depressants. <ref name="pmid29180859">{{cite journal| author=Filippatos TD, Makri A, Elisaf MS, Liamis G| title=Hyponatremia in the elderly: challenges and solutions. | journal=Clin Interv Aging | year= 2017 | volume= 12 | issue=  | pages= 1957-1965 | pmid=29180859 | doi=10.2147/CIA.S138535 | pmc=5694198 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29180859  }} </ref>
*Use isotonic fluids (like 5% dextrose in a solution of 0.9% saline in patients with well controlled congestive heart failure) instead of the common clinical practice of hypotonic fluids as maintenance therapy in elderly hospitalized patients. <ref name="pmid29180859">{{cite journal| author=Filippatos TD, Makri A, Elisaf MS, Liamis G| title=Hyponatremia in the elderly: challenges and solutions. | journal=Clin Interv Aging | year= 2017 | volume= 12 | issue=  | pages= 1957-1965 | pmid=29180859 | doi=10.2147/CIA.S138535 | pmc=5694198 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29180859  }} </ref>
* Thiazides should be avoided in persons with high fluid or low protein intake and during acute illness.
* Monitor body weight for runners and encourage to drink water when they are thirsty, and prevent overdrinking during exercise. <ref name="pmid32097926">{{cite journal| author=Hew-Butler T| title=Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia. | journal=Front Horm Res | year= 2019 | volume= 52 | issue=  | pages= 178-189 | pmid=32097926 | doi=10.1159/000493247 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=32097926  }} </ref>
* Patients with history of anti-depressant induced hyponatremia may be prescribed bupropion instead of more commonly used drugs. <ref name="pmid29180859">{{cite journal| author=Filippatos TD, Makri A, Elisaf MS, Liamis G| title=Hyponatremia in the elderly: challenges and solutions. | journal=Clin Interv Aging | year= 2017 | volume= 12 | issue=  | pages= 1957-1965 | pmid=29180859 | doi=10.2147/CIA.S138535 | pmc=5694198 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29180859  }} </ref>
*Early sodium supplementation of enteral feedings in very premature infants averts hyponatremia and enhances weight gain. <ref name="IsemannMueller2014">{{cite journal|last1=Isemann|first1=Barbara|last2=Mueller|first2=Eric W.|last3=Narendran|first3=Vivek|last4=Akinbi|first4=Henry|title=Impact of Early Sodium Supplementation on Hyponatremia and Growth in Premature Infants|journal=Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition|volume=40|issue=3|year=2014|pages=342–349|issn=0148-6071|doi=10.1177/0148607114558303}}</ref>
To see the risk factors associated with hyponatremia, click here.


Treating the condition that is causing hyponatremia can help. If you play any sports, drink fluids that contain electrolytes (sports drinks). Drinking only water while you take part in high-energy athletic events can lead to acute hyponatremia.
==References==
==References==
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{{Reflist|2}}
 
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Latest revision as of 18:32, 27 July 2021

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saeedeh Kowsarnia M.D.[2]

Overview

In patients at risk of developing hyponatremia, preventing approaches has to be done to eliminate aggravation of hyponatremia.

Primary Prevention

  • Hypotonic fluids and thiazide diuretics should be avoided, especially in patients at increased risk for hyponatremia.
  • Avoid polypharmacy in elderly, espceially thiazide diuretics and anti-depressants. [1]
  • Use isotonic fluids (like 5% dextrose in a solution of 0.9% saline in patients with well controlled congestive heart failure) instead of the common clinical practice of hypotonic fluids as maintenance therapy in elderly hospitalized patients. [1]
  • Thiazides should be avoided in persons with high fluid or low protein intake and during acute illness.
  • Monitor body weight for runners and encourage to drink water when they are thirsty, and prevent overdrinking during exercise. [2]
  • Patients with history of anti-depressant induced hyponatremia may be prescribed bupropion instead of more commonly used drugs. [1]
  • Early sodium supplementation of enteral feedings in very premature infants averts hyponatremia and enhances weight gain. [3]

To see the risk factors associated with hyponatremia, click here.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Filippatos TD, Makri A, Elisaf MS, Liamis G (2017). "Hyponatremia in the elderly: challenges and solutions". Clin Interv Aging. 12: 1957–1965. doi:10.2147/CIA.S138535. PMC 5694198. PMID 29180859.
  2. Hew-Butler T (2019). "Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia". Front Horm Res. 52: 178–189. doi:10.1159/000493247. PMID 32097926 Check |pmid= value (help).
  3. Isemann, Barbara; Mueller, Eric W.; Narendran, Vivek; Akinbi, Henry (2014). "Impact of Early Sodium Supplementation on Hyponatremia and Growth in Premature Infants". Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. 40 (3): 342–349. doi:10.1177/0148607114558303. ISSN 0148-6071.

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