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{{Antiphospholipid syndrome}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{FT}}
==Overview==
The most common risk factors of antiphospholipid syndrome risk factors are history of autoimmune diseases like [[SLE]], [[Sjögren's syndrome|sjogren's]] syndrome, infections- [[cytomegalovirus]], human [[immunodeficiency]] virus, [[parvovirus]] B-19, [[hepatitis]] C virus, [[Lyme disease|lyme's]] disease, [[syphilis]], E.coli, [[leptospirosis]], medications such as [[hydralazine]], [[quinidine]], [[phenytoin]], and [[amoxicillin]], family history- antiphospholipid syndrome is common in patients with a family history of antiphospholipid syndrome.
==Risk Factors==
The risk factors associated with antiphospholipid syndrome(APS) are as follows:<ref name="pmid20822807">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ruiz-Irastorza G, Crowther M, Branch W, Khamashta MA |title=Antiphospholipid syndrome |journal=Lancet |volume=376 |issue=9751 |pages=1498–509 |date=October 2010 |pmid=20822807 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60709-X |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22510982">{{cite journal |vauthors=Willis R, Harris EN, Pierangeli SS |title=Pathogenesis of the antiphospholipid syndrome |journal=Semin. Thromb. Hemost. |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=305–21 |date=June 2012 |pmid=22510982 |doi=10.1055/s-0032-1311827 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24129681">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gris JC, Brenner B |title=Antiphospholipid antibodies: neuropsychiatric presentations |journal=Semin. Thromb. Hemost. |volume=39 |issue=8 |pages=935–42 |date=November 2013 |pmid=24129681 |doi=10.1055/s-0033-1357488 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25228741">{{cite journal |vauthors=Koike T |title=My contribution, my dream - a look at the future of APS |journal=Lupus |volume=23 |issue=12 |pages=1332–4 |date=October 2014 |pmid=25228741 |doi=10.1177/0961203314534306 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24642799">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sciascia S, Cuadrado MJ, Khamashta M, Roccatello D |title=Renal involvement in antiphospholipid syndrome |journal=Nat Rev Nephrol |volume=10 |issue=5 |pages=279–89 |date=May 2014 |pmid=24642799 |doi=10.1038/nrneph.2014.38 |url=}}</ref>


{{Antiphospholipid syndrome}}
'''Common risk factors'''
*'''History of autoimmune disease:'''
**[[SLE]]
**[[Sjögren's syndrome|Sjogren's]] syndrome  


Please help WikiDoc by adding content here.  It's easy!  Click  [[Help:How_to_Edit_a_Page|here]] to learn about editing.
* '''Infections:'''
** [[Cytomegalovirus]]
** Human [[Immunodeficiency]] Virus
** [[Parvovirus]] B-19
** [[Hepatitis]] C Virus
** [[Lyme disease|Lymes]] disease
** [[Syphilis]]
** E.coli
** [[Leptospirosis]].


*'''Drugs:'''
**[[Hydralazine]]
**[[Quinidine]]
**[[Phenytoin]]
**[[Amoxicillin]]
*'''Family history:''' Antiphospholipid syndrome is common in patients with a family history of antiphospholipid syndrome.
'''Less common risk factors:'''
*Pregnancy
*Obesity
*Hypertension
*Sedentary lifestyle
*Recent surgery
*Tobacco Smoking
*Oral [[Birth control|contraceptives]]
*Estrogen therapy
*[[Hyperlipoproteinemia|Hyperlipidemias]]
*[[Cancer]]
==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}


{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Disease]]
 
[[Category:Rheumatology]]
[[Category:Needs content]]
[[Category:Hematology]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Obstetrics]]

Latest revision as of 15:32, 26 April 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Feham Tariq, MD [2]

Overview

The most common risk factors of antiphospholipid syndrome risk factors are history of autoimmune diseases like SLE, sjogren's syndrome, infections- cytomegalovirus, human immunodeficiency virus, parvovirus B-19, hepatitis C virus, lyme's disease, syphilis, E.coli, leptospirosis, medications such as hydralazine, quinidine, phenytoin, and amoxicillin, family history- antiphospholipid syndrome is common in patients with a family history of antiphospholipid syndrome.

Risk Factors

The risk factors associated with antiphospholipid syndrome(APS) are as follows:[1][2][3][4][5]

Common risk factors

Less common risk factors:

References

  1. Ruiz-Irastorza G, Crowther M, Branch W, Khamashta MA (October 2010). "Antiphospholipid syndrome". Lancet. 376 (9751): 1498–509. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60709-X. PMID 20822807.
  2. Willis R, Harris EN, Pierangeli SS (June 2012). "Pathogenesis of the antiphospholipid syndrome". Semin. Thromb. Hemost. 38 (4): 305–21. doi:10.1055/s-0032-1311827. PMID 22510982.
  3. Gris JC, Brenner B (November 2013). "Antiphospholipid antibodies: neuropsychiatric presentations". Semin. Thromb. Hemost. 39 (8): 935–42. doi:10.1055/s-0033-1357488. PMID 24129681.
  4. Koike T (October 2014). "My contribution, my dream - a look at the future of APS". Lupus. 23 (12): 1332–4. doi:10.1177/0961203314534306. PMID 25228741.
  5. Sciascia S, Cuadrado MJ, Khamashta M, Roccatello D (May 2014). "Renal involvement in antiphospholipid syndrome". Nat Rev Nephrol. 10 (5): 279–89. doi:10.1038/nrneph.2014.38. PMID 24642799.