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==Overview==
==Overview==
The majority of patients with idiopathic [[scoliosis]] are asymptomatic. Asymptomatic idiopathic scoliosis patients are expected to develop signs ans symptoms depending on curve progression. The hallmark of scoliosis is asymptomatic atypical curve. A few of patients that do present with symptoms, they are commonly dependent on severity of curve. As a result, most of the symptoms of scoliosis are [[Neurology|neurological]]. The most common symptom is [[fatigue]]. Other symptoms include [[low back pain]], [[stiffness]], abnormal [[posture]], shooting [[Radicular pain|pain in the calf]], [[Paresthesia|numbness and tingling]] in the legs and muscle weakness. Other manifestations of scoliosis may include [[pulmonary hypertension]], [[cor pulmonale]], [[swelling]] on the back, tuft of hair, [[headache]], and [[spasticity]] due to [[neuromuscular]] involvement.


==History==
==History==


==Symptoms==
Although majority of patients with [[scoliosis]] have non-specific history but a detailed and thorough history from the patient is necessary. The patient may have a positive history of:<ref name="pmid29227524">{{cite journal| author=Sheehan DD, Grayhack J| title=Pediatric Scoliosis and Kyphosis: An Overview of Diagnosis, Management, and Surgical Treatment. | journal=Pediatr Ann | year= 2017 | volume= 46 | issue= 12 | pages= e472-e480 | pmid=29227524 | doi=10.3928/19382359-20171113-01 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29227524  }} </ref><ref name=":0">Azar, F., Canale, S., Beaty, J. & Campbell, W. (2017). Campbell's operative orthopaedics. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. Page: 1898-2028.</ref><ref name="McCarthy1999">{{cite journal|last1=McCarthy|first1=Richard E.|title=MANAGEMENT OF NEUROMUSCULAR SCOLIOSIS|journal=Orthopedic Clinics of North America|volume=30|issue=3|year=1999|pages=435–449|issn=00305898|doi=10.1016/S0030-5898(05)70096-1}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite journal |last1=Winter |first1=RB |last2=Moe |first2=JH |date=1960,Jan 01 |title=Congenital Scoliosis A Study of 234 Patients Treated and Untreated Part I: Natural History |url= |journal=J Bone Joint Surg Am. |volume=50 |issue=1 |page=1-15 |doi= |pmc= |pmid= |access-date= | name-list-format=vanc }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Imagama |first1=S |last2=Kawakami |first2=N |date=2005 |title=Spatial relationships between a deformed vertebra and an adjacent vertebra in congenial scoliosis-failure of formation. |url= |journal=J Jpn Scoliosis Soc. |volume=20 |issue= |pages=20-25 |doi= |pmc= |pmid= |access-date= | name-list-format=vanc }}</ref><ref name="pmid23236736">{{cite journal| author=de Baat P, van Biezen FC, de Baat C| title=[Scoliosis: review of types, aetiology, diagnostics, and treatment 2]. | journal=Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd | year= 2012 | volume= 119 | issue= 11 | pages= 531-5 | pmid=23236736 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23236736  }} </ref>
* Abnormal [[posture]]
* Spine curves abnormally to the side (laterally)
* [[Plastic surgery|cosmetic]] deformity
* [[Pain]] is common in adulthood, especially if left untreated.
* Ill-fitting clothes
* [[Backache]] or low-back pain
* [[Fatigue]]
* [[Stiffness]] in the back
* Shoulders or hips appear uneven
* [[Cramp|Cramping]] and [[Radicular pain|shooting pain]] in the calf
* [[Paresthesia|Numbness]] and [[tingling]] in the legs
* [[Muscle weakness]]
* [[Spasticity]]
* [[Swelling]] on the back
* Tuft of hair on the back
* [[Respiratory failure|Respiratory distress]]
* [[Pulmonary hypertension]]
* [[Cor pulmonale]]


===Symptoms===
====Asymptomatic Scoliosis====
The majority of patients with idiopathic [[scoliosis]] are asymptomatic. Asymptomatic idiopathic scoliosis patients are expected to develop signs ans symptoms depending on curve progression. The hallmark of scoliosis is asymptomatic atypical curve.<ref name=":0" />
====Symptomatic Scoliosis====
A few of patients that do present with symptoms, they are commonly dependent on severity of curve. As a result, most of the symptoms of scoliosis are [[Neurology|neurological]]. The most common symptom is [[fatigue]]. Other symptoms include [[low back pain]], [[stiffness]], abnormal [[posture]], shooting [[Radicular pain|pain in the calf]], [[Paresthesia|numbness and tingling]] in the legs and muscle weakness. Other manifestations of scoliosis may include [[pulmonary hypertension]], [[cor pulmonale]], [[swelling]] on the back, tuft of hair, [[headache]], and [[spasticity]] due to [[neuromuscular]] involvement.<ref name="McCarthy1999" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name="pmid23236736" /> 
===Common Symptoms===
Common symptoms of scoliosis include:
* Abnormal [[posture]]
* Spine curves abnormally to the side (laterally)
* [[Cosmetic Surgery|cosmetic]] deformity
* [[Pain]] is common in adulthood, especially if left untreated. One of the major complaints from parents and patients is
* Ill-fitting clothes
* [[Backache]] or low-back pain
* [[Backache]] or low-back pain
* [[Fatigue]]
* [[Fatigue]]
* [[Stiffness]] in the back
* Shoulders or hips appear uneven
* Shoulders or hips appear uneven
* Spine curves abnormally to the side (laterally)


===Less Common Symptoms===
Less common symptoms of [disease name] include
* [[Cramp|Cramping]] and [[Radicular pain|shooting pain]] in the calf.
* [[Paresthesia|Numbness and tingling]] in the legs
* [[Spina bifida|Swelling on the back]]
* [[Spina bifida|Tuft of hair on the back]]
* [[Muscle weakness]]
* [[Spasticity]]
* [[Respiratory failure|Respiratory distress]]
* [[Pulmonary hypertension]]
* [[Cor pulmonale]]
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Orthopedics]]
[[Category:Skeletal disorders]]
[[Category:Rheumatology]]
[[Category:Disease]]


[[Category:Needs content]]


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Latest revision as of 15:06, 4 December 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rohan A. Bhimani, M.B.B.S., D.N.B., M.Ch.[2]

Overview

The majority of patients with idiopathic scoliosis are asymptomatic. Asymptomatic idiopathic scoliosis patients are expected to develop signs ans symptoms depending on curve progression. The hallmark of scoliosis is asymptomatic atypical curve. A few of patients that do present with symptoms, they are commonly dependent on severity of curve. As a result, most of the symptoms of scoliosis are neurological. The most common symptom is fatigue. Other symptoms include low back pain, stiffness, abnormal posture, shooting pain in the calf, numbness and tingling in the legs and muscle weakness. Other manifestations of scoliosis may include pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale, swelling on the back, tuft of hair, headache, and spasticity due to neuromuscular involvement.

History

Although majority of patients with scoliosis have non-specific history but a detailed and thorough history from the patient is necessary. The patient may have a positive history of:[1][2][3][4][5][6]

Symptoms

Asymptomatic Scoliosis

The majority of patients with idiopathic scoliosis are asymptomatic. Asymptomatic idiopathic scoliosis patients are expected to develop signs ans symptoms depending on curve progression. The hallmark of scoliosis is asymptomatic atypical curve.[2]

Symptomatic Scoliosis

A few of patients that do present with symptoms, they are commonly dependent on severity of curve. As a result, most of the symptoms of scoliosis are neurological. The most common symptom is fatigue. Other symptoms include low back pain, stiffness, abnormal posture, shooting pain in the calf, numbness and tingling in the legs and muscle weakness. Other manifestations of scoliosis may include pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale, swelling on the back, tuft of hair, headache, and spasticity due to neuromuscular involvement.[3][4][6]

Common Symptoms

Common symptoms of scoliosis include:

  • Abnormal posture
  • Spine curves abnormally to the side (laterally)
  • cosmetic deformity
  • Pain is common in adulthood, especially if left untreated. One of the major complaints from parents and patients is
  • Ill-fitting clothes
  • Backache or low-back pain
  • Fatigue
  • Stiffness in the back
  • Shoulders or hips appear uneven

Less Common Symptoms

Less common symptoms of [disease name] include

References

  1. ↑ Sheehan DD, Grayhack J (2017). "Pediatric Scoliosis and Kyphosis: An Overview of Diagnosis, Management, and Surgical Treatment". Pediatr Ann. 46 (12): e472–e480. doi:10.3928/19382359-20171113-01. PMID 29227524.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Azar, F., Canale, S., Beaty, J. & Campbell, W. (2017). Campbell's operative orthopaedics. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. Page: 1898-2028.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 McCarthy, Richard E. (1999). "MANAGEMENT OF NEUROMUSCULAR SCOLIOSIS". Orthopedic Clinics of North America. 30 (3): 435–449. doi:10.1016/S0030-5898(05)70096-1. ISSN 0030-5898.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Winter RB, Moe JH (1960,Jan 01). "Congenital Scoliosis A Study of 234 Patients Treated and Untreated Part I: Natural History". J Bone Joint Surg Am. 50 (1): 1-15. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  5. ↑ Imagama S, Kawakami N (2005). "Spatial relationships between a deformed vertebra and an adjacent vertebra in congenial scoliosis-failure of formation". J Jpn Scoliosis Soc. 20: 20–25.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 de Baat P, van Biezen FC, de Baat C (2012). "[Scoliosis: review of types, aetiology, diagnostics, and treatment 2]". Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd. 119 (11): 531–5. PMID 23236736.


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