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{{Infobox_gene}}
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'''DNA repair protein complementing XP-G cells''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''ERCC5'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid8088806">{{cite journal | vauthors = Samec S, Jones TA, Corlet J, Scherly D, Sheer D, Wood RD, Clarkson SG | title = The human gene for xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group G (XPG) maps to 13q33 by fluorescence in situ hybridization | journal = Genomics | volume = 21 | issue = 1 | pages = 283–5 |date=Oct 1994 | pmid = 8088806 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1006/geno.1994.1261 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ERCC5 excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 5 (xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group G (Cockayne syndrome))| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2073| accessdate = }}</ref>
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| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 5 (xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group G (Cockayne syndrome))
| HGNCid = 3437
| Symbol = ERCC5
| AltSymbols =; ERCM2; UVDR; XPG; XPGC
| OMIM = 133530
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 37265
| MGIid = 103582
  | GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_ERCC5_202414_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003677 |text = DNA binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003697 |text = single-stranded DNA binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004518 |text = nuclease activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004519 |text = endonuclease activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004520 |text = endodeoxyribonuclease activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016787 |text = hydrolase activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006281 |text = DNA repair}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006283 |text = transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006289 |text = nucleotide-excision repair}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007605 |text = sensory perception of sound}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 2073
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000134899
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000114
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000123
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 13
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 102295195
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 102326346
    | Hs_Uniprot = P28715
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 22592
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000026048
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_011729
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_035859
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 1
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 44092393
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 44125806
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q3TPQ3
  }}
}}
'''Excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 5 (xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group G (Cockayne syndrome))''', also known as '''ERCC5''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ERCC5 excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 5 (xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group G (Cockayne syndrome))| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2073| accessdate = }}</ref>


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| section_title =  
| section_title =
| summary_text = Excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 5 (xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group G) is involved in excision repair of UV-induced DNA damage. Mutations cause Cockayne syndrome, which is characterized by severe growth defects, mental retardation, and cachexia. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described, but the biological validity of all variants has not been determined.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ERCC5 excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 5 (xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group G (Cockayne syndrome))| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2073| accessdate = }}</ref>
| summary_text = Excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 5 (xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group G) is involved in excision repair of UV-induced DNA damage. Mutations cause Cockayne syndrome, which is characterized by severe growth defects, mental retardation, and cachexia. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described, but the biological validity of all variants has not been determined.<ref name="entrez" />
}}
}}
Mutations in '''ERCC5''' cause {{SWL|type=mutation_results_in|target=arthrogryposis|label=arthrogryposis}}.<ref>{{Cite journal
| pmid = 24700531
| year = 2014
| author1 = Drury
| first1 = S
| title = A novel homozygous ERCC5 truncating mutation in a family with prenatal arthrogryposis-Further evidence of genotype-phenotype correlation
| journal = American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A
| pages = 1777–83
| last2 = Boustred
| first2 = C
| last3 = Tekman
| first3 = M
| last4 = Stanescu
| first4 = H
| last5 = Kleta
| first5 = R
| last6 = Lench
| first6 = N
| last7 = Chitty
| first7 = L. S.
| last8 = Scott
| first8 = R. H.
| doi = 10.1002/ajmg.a.36506
| volume=164
| issue=7
}}</ref>
XPG is a structure specific [[endonuclease]] that incises [[DNA]] at the 3’ side of the damaged nucleotide during [[nucleotide excision repair]].
==Syndromes==
Mutational defects in the ''Ercc5''(''Xpg'') gene can cause either the cancer-prone condition [[xeroderma pigmentosum]] (XP) alone, or in combination with the severe neurodevelopmental disorder [[Cockayne syndrome]] (CS) or the infantile lethal cerebro-oculo-facio-skeletal syndrome.<ref name="pmid25299392">{{cite journal |vauthors=Barnhoorn S, Uittenboogaard LM, Jaarsma D, Vermeij WP, Tresini M, Weymaere M, Menoni H, Brandt RM, de Waard MC, Botter SM, Sarker AH, Jaspers NG, van der Horst GT, Cooper PK, Hoeijmakers JH, van der Pluijm I |title=Cell-autonomous progeroid changes in conditional mouse models for repair endonuclease XPG deficiency |journal=PLoS Genet. |volume=10 |issue=10 |pages=e1004686 |year=2014 |pmid=25299392 |pmc=4191938 |doi=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004686 |url=}}</ref>
==Mouse model==
An ''Ercc5''(''Xpg'') mutant mouse model presented features of premature aging including [[cachexia]] and [[osteoporosis]] with pronounced degenerative phenotypes in both liver and brain.<ref name="pmid25299392" />  These mutant mice developed a multi-system premature aging degenerative phenotype that appears to strengthen the link between [[DNA damage (naturally occurring)|DNA damage]] and [[ageing|aging]].<ref name="pmid25299392" /> (see [[DNA damage theory of aging]]). 
[[Calorie restriction|Dietary restriction]], which extends lifespan of wild-type mice, also substantially increased the lifespan of ''Ercc5''(''Xpg'') mutant mice.<ref name="pmid27556946">{{cite journal |vauthors=Vermeij WP, Dollé ME, Reiling E, Jaarsma D, Payan-Gomez C, Bombardieri CR, Wu H, Roks AJ, Botter SM, van der Eerden BC, Youssef SA, Kuiper RV, Nagarajah B, van Oostrom CT, Brandt RM, Barnhoorn S, Imholz S, Pennings JL, de Bruin A, Gyenis Á, Pothof J, Vijg J, van Steeg H, Hoeijmakers JH |title=Restricted diet delays accelerated ageing and genomic stress in DNA-repair-deficient mice |journal=Nature |volume=537 |issue=7620 |pages=427–431 |year=2016 |pmid=27556946 |pmc=5161687 |doi=10.1038/nature19329 |url=|bibcode=2016Natur.537..427V }}</ref>  Dietary restriction of the mutant mice, while delaying aging, also appeared to slow the accumulation of genome wide DNA damage and to preserve transcriptional output, thus contributing to improved cell viability.
==Interactions==
ERCC5 has been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction|interact]] with [[ERCC2]].<ref name=pmid8652557>{{cite journal |last=Iyer |first=N |author2=Reagan M S |author3=Wu K J |author4=Canagarajah B |author5=Friedberg E C  |date=Feb 1996 |title=Interactions involving the human RNA polymerase II transcription/nucleotide excision repair complex TFIIH, the nucleotide excision repair protein XPG, and Cockayne syndrome group B (CSB) protein |journal=Biochemistry |volume=35 |issue=7 |pages=2157–67 |publisher= |location = UNITED STATES| issn = 0006-2960| pmid = 8652557 |doi = 10.1021/bi9524124 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = }}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Reflist}}
 
==External links==
* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=gene&part=xp  GeneReviews/NIH/NCBI/UW entry on Xeroderma Pigmentosum]
 
==Further reading==
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading  
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =  
| citations =
*{{cite journal  | author=Miura M |title=Detection of chromatin-bound PCNA in mammalian cells and its use to study DNA excision repair. |journal=J. Radiat. Res. |volume=40 |issue= 1 |pages= 1-12 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10408173 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Miura M |title=Detection of chromatin-bound PCNA in mammalian cells and its use to study DNA excision repair |journal=J. Radiat. Res. |volume=40 |issue= 1 |pages= 1–12 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10408173 |doi=10.1269/jrr.40.1 |bibcode=1999JRadR..40....1M }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Cleaver JE, Thompson LH, Richardson AS, States JC |title=A summary of mutations in the UV-sensitive disorders: xeroderma pigmentosum, Cockayne syndrome, and trichothiodystrophy. |journal=Hum. Mutat. |volume=14 |issue= 1 |pages= 9-22 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10447254 |doi= 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1999)14:1<9::AID-HUMU2>3.0.CO;2-6 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Cleaver JE, Thompson LH, Richardson AS, States JC |title=A summary of mutations in the UV-sensitive disorders: xeroderma pigmentosum, Cockayne syndrome, and trichothiodystrophy |journal=Hum. Mutat. |volume=14 |issue= 1 |pages= 9–22 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10447254 |doi= 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1999)14:1<9::AID-HUMU2>3.0.CO;2-6 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Takahashi E, Shiomi N, Shiomi T |title=Precise localization of the excision repair gene, ERCC5, to human chromosome 13q32.3-q33.1 by direct R-banding fluorescence in situ hybridization. |journal=Jpn. J. Cancer Res. |volume=83 |issue= 11 |pages= 1117-9 |year= 1993 |pmid= 1483924 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Takahashi E, Shiomi N, Shiomi T |title=Precise localization of the excision repair gene, ERCC5, to human chromosome 13q32.3-q33.1 by direct R-banding fluorescence in situ hybridization |journal=Jpn. J. Cancer Res. |volume=83 |issue= 11 |pages= 1117–9 |year= 1993 |pmid= 1483924 |doi=  10.1111/j.1349-7006.1992.tb02731.x}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Mudgett JS, MacInnes MA |title=Isolation of the functional human excision repair gene ERCC5 by intercosmid recombination. |journal=Genomics |volume=8 |issue= 4 |pages= 623-33 |year= 1991 |pmid= 2276736 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Mudgett JS, MacInnes MA |title=Isolation of the functional human excision repair gene ERCC5 by intercosmid recombination |journal=Genomics |volume=8 |issue= 4 |pages= 623–33 |year= 1991 |pmid= 2276736 |doi=10.1016/0888-7543(90)90248-S }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Shiomi T, Harada Y, Saito T, ''et al.'' |title=An ERCC5 gene with homology to yeast RAD2 is involved in group G xeroderma pigmentosum. |journal=Mutat. Res. |volume=314 |issue= 2 |pages= 167-75 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7510366 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Shiomi T, Harada Y, Saito T |title=An ERCC5 gene with homology to yeast RAD2 is involved in group G xeroderma pigmentosum |journal=Mutat. Res. |volume=314 |issue= 2 |pages= 167–75 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7510366 |doi=  10.1016/0921-8777(94)90080-9|display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Lehmann AR, Bootsma D, Clarkson SG, ''et al.'' |title=Nomenclature of human DNA repair genes. |journal=Mutat. Res. |volume=315 |issue= 1 |pages= 41-2 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7517009 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Lehmann AR, Bootsma D, Clarkson SG |title=Nomenclature of human DNA repair genes |journal=Mutat. Res. |volume=315 |issue= 1 |pages= 41–2 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7517009 |doi=  10.1016/0921-8777(94)90026-4|display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Cloud KG, Shen B, Strniste GF, Park MS |title=XPG protein has a structure-specific endonuclease activity. |journal=Mutat. Res. |volume=347 |issue= 2 |pages= 55-60 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7651464 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Cloud KG, Shen B, Strniste GF, Park MS |title=XPG protein has a structure-specific endonuclease activity |journal=Mutat. Res. |volume=347 |issue= 2 |pages= 55–60 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7651464 |doi=10.1016/0165-7992(95)90070-5 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Matsunaga T, Mu D, Park CH, ''et al.'' |title=Human DNA repair excision nuclease. Analysis of the roles of the subunits involved in dual incisions by using anti-XPG and anti-ERCC1 antibodies. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=270 |issue= 35 |pages= 20862-9 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7657672 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Matsunaga T, Mu D, Park CH |title=Human DNA repair excision nuclease. Analysis of the roles of the subunits involved in dual incisions by using anti-XPG and anti-ERCC1 antibodies |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=270 |issue= 35 |pages= 20862–9 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7657672 |doi=  10.1074/jbc.270.35.20862|display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Nouspikel T, Clarkson SG |title=Mutations that disable the DNA repair gene XPG in a xeroderma pigmentosum group G patient. |journal=Hum. Mol. Genet. |volume=3 |issue= 6 |pages= 963-7 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7951246 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Nouspikel T, Clarkson SG |title=Mutations that disable the DNA repair gene XPG in a xeroderma pigmentosum group G patient |journal=Hum. Mol. Genet. |volume=3 |issue= 6 |pages= 963–7 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7951246 |doi=10.1093/hmg/3.6.963 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Habraken Y, Sung P, Prakash L, Prakash S |title=Human xeroderma pigmentosum group G gene encodes a DNA endonuclease. |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=22 |issue= 16 |pages= 3312-6 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8078765 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Habraken Y, Sung P, Prakash L, Prakash S |title=Human xeroderma pigmentosum group G gene encodes a DNA endonuclease |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=22 |issue= 16 |pages= 3312–6 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8078765 |doi=10.1093/nar/22.16.3312  | pmc=523723 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Samec S, Jones TA, Corlet J, ''et al.'' |title=The human gene for xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group G (XPG) maps to 13q33 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. |journal=Genomics |volume=21 |issue= 1 |pages= 283-5 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8088806 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1994.1261 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=O'Donovan A, Davies AA, Moggs JG |title=XPG endonuclease makes the 3' incision in human DNA nucleotide excision repair |journal=Nature |volume=371 |issue= 6496 |pages= 432–5 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8090225 |doi= 10.1038/371432a0 |display-authors=etal|bibcode=1994Natur.371..432O }}
*{{cite journal  | author=O'Donovan A, Davies AA, Moggs JG, ''et al.'' |title=XPG endonuclease makes the 3' incision in human DNA nucleotide excision repair. |journal=Nature |volume=371 |issue= 6496 |pages= 432-5 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8090225 |doi= 10.1038/371432a0 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=O'Donovan A, Scherly D, Clarkson SG, Wood RD |title=Isolation of active recombinant XPG protein, a human DNA repair endonuclease |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=269 |issue= 23 |pages= 15965–8 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8206890 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal  | author=O'Donovan A, Scherly D, Clarkson SG, Wood RD |title=Isolation of active recombinant XPG protein, a human DNA repair endonuclease. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=269 |issue= 23 |pages= 15965-8 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8206890 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=MacInnes MA, Dickson JA, Hernandez RR |title=Human ERCC5 cDNA-cosmid complementation for excision repair and bipartite amino acid domains conserved with RAD proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=13 |issue= 10 |pages= 6393–402 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8413238 |doi=  | pmc=364698  |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=MacInnes MA, Dickson JA, Hernandez RR, ''et al.'' |title=Human ERCC5 cDNA-cosmid complementation for excision repair and bipartite amino acid domains conserved with RAD proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=13 |issue= 10 |pages= 6393-402 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8413238 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Scherly D, Nouspikel T, Corlet J |title=Complementation of the DNA repair defect in xeroderma pigmentosum group G cells by a human cDNA related to yeast RAD2 |journal=Nature |volume=363 |issue= 6425 |pages= 182–5 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8483504 |doi= 10.1038/363182a0 |display-authors=etal|bibcode=1993Natur.363..182S }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Scherly D, Nouspikel T, Corlet J, ''et al.'' |title=Complementation of the DNA repair defect in xeroderma pigmentosum group G cells by a human cDNA related to yeast RAD2. |journal=Nature |volume=363 |issue= 6425 |pages= 182-5 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8483504 |doi= 10.1038/363182a0 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=O'Donovan A, Wood RD |title=Identical defects in DNA repair in xeroderma pigmentosum group G and rodent ERCC group 5 |journal=Nature |volume=363 |issue= 6425 |pages= 185–8 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8483505 |doi= 10.1038/363185a0 |bibcode=1993Natur.363..185O }}
*{{cite journal  | author=O'Donovan A, Wood RD |title=Identical defects in DNA repair in xeroderma pigmentosum group G and rodent ERCC group 5. |journal=Nature |volume=363 |issue= 6425 |pages= 185-8 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8483505 |doi= 10.1038/363185a0 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Iyer N, Reagan MS, Wu KJ |title=Interactions involving the human RNA polymerase II transcription/nucleotide excision repair complex TFIIH, the nucleotide excision repair protein XPG, and Cockayne syndrome group B (CSB) protein |journal=Biochemistry |volume=35 |issue= 7 |pages= 2157–67 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8652557 |doi= 10.1021/bi9524124 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Iyer N, Reagan MS, Wu KJ, ''et al.'' |title=Interactions involving the human RNA polymerase II transcription/nucleotide excision repair complex TFIIH, the nucleotide excision repair protein XPG, and Cockayne syndrome group B (CSB) protein. |journal=Biochemistry |volume=35 |issue= 7 |pages= 2157-67 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8652557 |doi= 10.1021/bi9524124 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Park MS, Knauf JA, Pendergrass SH |title=Ultraviolet-induced movement of the human DNA repair protein, Xeroderma pigmentosum type G, in the nucleus |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=93 |issue= 16 |pages= 8368–73 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8710877 |doi=10.1073/pnas.93.16.8368 | pmc=38677  |display-authors=etal|bibcode=1996PNAS...93.8368P}}
*{{cite journal | author=Park MS, Knauf JA, Pendergrass SH, ''et al.'' |title=Ultraviolet-induced movement of the human DNA repair protein, Xeroderma pigmentosum type G, in the nucleus. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=93 |issue= 16 |pages= 8368-73 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8710877 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Cooper PK, Nouspikel T, Clarkson SG, Leadon SA |title=Defective transcription-coupled repair of oxidative base damage in Cockayne syndrome patients from XP group G |journal=Science |volume=275 |issue= 5302 |pages= 990–3 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9020084 |doi=10.1126/science.275.5302.990 }}{{Retracted paper}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Cooper PK, Nouspikel T, Clarkson SG, Leadon SA |title=Defective transcription-coupled repair of oxidative base damage in Cockayne syndrome patients from XP group G. |journal=Science |volume=275 |issue= 5302 |pages= 990-3 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9020084 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Nouspikel T, Lalle P, Leadon SA |title=A common mutational pattern in Cockayne syndrome patients from xeroderma pigmentosum group G: implications for a second XPG function |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=94 |issue= 7 |pages= 3116–21 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9096355 |doi=10.1073/pnas.94.7.3116 | pmc=20331  |display-authors=etal|bibcode=1997PNAS...94.3116N}}{{Retracted paper}}
*{{cite journal | author=Nouspikel T, Lalle P, Leadon SA, ''et al.'' |title=A common mutational pattern in Cockayne syndrome patients from xeroderma pigmentosum group G: implications for a second XPG function. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=94 |issue= 7 |pages= 3116-21 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9096355 |doi=  }}
}}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


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{{DNA repair}}
 
[[Category:Oncogenes]]

Latest revision as of 11:31, 9 January 2019

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External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
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DNA repair protein complementing XP-G cells is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ERCC5 gene.[1][2]

Excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 5 (xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group G) is involved in excision repair of UV-induced DNA damage. Mutations cause Cockayne syndrome, which is characterized by severe growth defects, mental retardation, and cachexia. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described, but the biological validity of all variants has not been determined.[2]

Mutations in ERCC5 cause arthrogryposis .[3]

XPG is a structure specific endonuclease that incises DNA at the 3’ side of the damaged nucleotide during nucleotide excision repair.

Syndromes

Mutational defects in the Ercc5(Xpg) gene can cause either the cancer-prone condition xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) alone, or in combination with the severe neurodevelopmental disorder Cockayne syndrome (CS) or the infantile lethal cerebro-oculo-facio-skeletal syndrome.[4]

Mouse model

An Ercc5(Xpg) mutant mouse model presented features of premature aging including cachexia and osteoporosis with pronounced degenerative phenotypes in both liver and brain.[4] These mutant mice developed a multi-system premature aging degenerative phenotype that appears to strengthen the link between DNA damage and aging.[4] (see DNA damage theory of aging).

Dietary restriction, which extends lifespan of wild-type mice, also substantially increased the lifespan of Ercc5(Xpg) mutant mice.[5] Dietary restriction of the mutant mice, while delaying aging, also appeared to slow the accumulation of genome wide DNA damage and to preserve transcriptional output, thus contributing to improved cell viability.

Interactions

ERCC5 has been shown to interact with ERCC2.[6]

References

  1. ↑ Samec S, Jones TA, Corlet J, Scherly D, Sheer D, Wood RD, Clarkson SG (Oct 1994). "The human gene for xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group G (XPG) maps to 13q33 by fluorescence in situ hybridization". Genomics. 21 (1): 283–5. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1261. PMID 8088806.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Entrez Gene: ERCC5 excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 5 (xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group G (Cockayne syndrome))".
  3. ↑ Drury, S; Boustred, C; Tekman, M; Stanescu, H; Kleta, R; Lench, N; Chitty, L. S.; Scott, R. H. (2014). "A novel homozygous ERCC5 truncating mutation in a family with prenatal arthrogryposis-Further evidence of genotype-phenotype correlation". American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A. 164 (7): 1777–83. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.36506. PMID 24700531.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Barnhoorn S, Uittenboogaard LM, Jaarsma D, Vermeij WP, Tresini M, Weymaere M, Menoni H, Brandt RM, de Waard MC, Botter SM, Sarker AH, Jaspers NG, van der Horst GT, Cooper PK, Hoeijmakers JH, van der Pluijm I (2014). "Cell-autonomous progeroid changes in conditional mouse models for repair endonuclease XPG deficiency". PLoS Genet. 10 (10): e1004686. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004686. PMC 4191938. PMID 25299392.
  5. ↑ Vermeij WP, Dollé ME, Reiling E, Jaarsma D, Payan-Gomez C, Bombardieri CR, Wu H, Roks AJ, Botter SM, van der Eerden BC, Youssef SA, Kuiper RV, Nagarajah B, van Oostrom CT, Brandt RM, Barnhoorn S, Imholz S, Pennings JL, de Bruin A, Gyenis Á, Pothof J, Vijg J, van Steeg H, Hoeijmakers JH (2016). "Restricted diet delays accelerated ageing and genomic stress in DNA-repair-deficient mice". Nature. 537 (7620): 427–431. Bibcode:2016Natur.537..427V. doi:10.1038/nature19329. PMC 5161687. PMID 27556946.
  6. ↑ Iyer, N; Reagan M S; Wu K J; Canagarajah B; Friedberg E C (Feb 1996). "Interactions involving the human RNA polymerase II transcription/nucleotide excision repair complex TFIIH, the nucleotide excision repair protein XPG, and Cockayne syndrome group B (CSB) protein". Biochemistry. UNITED STATES. 35 (7): 2157–67. doi:10.1021/bi9524124. ISSN 0006-2960. PMID 8652557.

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