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{{Infobox_gene}}
{{PBB_Controls
'''LIM domain binding 3''' ('''LDB3'''), also known as '''Z-band alternatively spliced PDZ-motif''' ('''ZASP'''), is a [[protein]] which in humans is encoded by the ''LDB3'' [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: LDB3 LIM domain binding 3| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=11155| accessdate = }}</ref><ref name="pmid10427098">{{cite journal |vauthors=Faulkner G, Pallavicini A, Formentin E, Comelli A, Ievolella C, Trevisan S, Bortoletto G, Scannapieco P, Salamon M, Mouly V, Valle G, Lanfranchi G | title = ZASP: a new Z-band alternatively spliced PDZ-motif protein | journal = J. Cell Biol. | volume = 146 | issue = 2 | pages = 465–75 |date=July 1999 | pmid = 10427098 | doi = 10.1083/jcb.146.2.465| url = http://jcb.rupress.org/content/146/2/465.long | pmc=3206570}}</ref> ZASP belongs to the Enigma subfamily of proteins and stabilizes the [[sarcomere]] (the basic units of muscles) during contraction, through interactions with [[actinin, alpha 2|actin]] in [[cardiac muscle|cardiac]] and [[skeletal muscle]]s. Mutations in the ZASP gene has been associated with several [[myopathy|muscular diseases]].
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Structure ==
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_LDB3_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1rgw.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1rgw}}, {{PDB2|1wjl}}
| Name = LIM domain binding 3
| HGNCid = 15710
| Symbol = LDB3
| AltSymbols =; CYPHER; KIAA01613; KIAA0613; ORACLE; PDLIM6; ZASP; ldb3z1; ldb3z4
| OMIM = 605906
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 48499
| MGIid = 1344412
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_LDB3_213371_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_LDB3_216887_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_LDB3_213717_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005080 |text = protein kinase C binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008270 |text = zinc ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046872 |text = metal ion binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005856 |text = cytoskeleton}}
| Process =
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 11155
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000122367
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001073583
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001080114
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 10
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 88418350
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 88484732
    | Hs_Uniprot = O75112
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 24131
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000021798
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_001039071
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_001034160
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 14
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 33355797
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 33417766
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q3TRD4
  }}
}}
'''LIM domain binding 3''', also known as '''LDB3''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: LDB3 LIM domain binding 3| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=11155| accessdate = }}</ref>


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
ZASP is a [[PDZ domain]]-containing protein. PDZ motifs are modular protein-protein interaction domains consisting of 80-120 amino acid residues. PDZ domain-containing proteins interact with each other in [[cytoskeleton|cytoskeletal]] assembly or with other proteins involved in targeting and clustering of membrane proteins. ZASP interacts with alpha-[[actinin]]-2 through its [[N-terminus|N-terminal]] PDZ domain and with [[protein kinase C]] via its [[C-terminus|C-terminal]] [[LIM domain]]s. The LIM domain is a [[cysteine]]-rich motif defined by 50-60 amino acids containing two zinc-binding modules. This protein also interacts with all three members of the [[MYOZ1|myozenin]] family.<ref name="entrez"/>
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =  
| summary_text =
}}


==References==
Human ZASP can exist in cardiac and skeletal cells as six distinct isoforms, based on alternative splicing of 16 exons.<ref name="Sheikh F 2007">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sheikh F, Bang ML, Lange S, Chen J | title = "Z"eroing in on the role of Cypher in striated muscle function, signaling, and human disease | journal = Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine | volume = 17 | issue = 8 | pages = 258–62 | date = Nov 2007 | pmid = 18021935 | doi = 10.1016/j.tcm.2007.09.002 | pmc=2134983}}</ref> There are 2 ZASP short forms (Uniprot ID: O75112-6, 31.0 kDa, 283 amino acids;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heartproteome.org/copa/ProteinInfo.aspx?QType=Protein%20ID&QValue=O75112-6 | title = O75112-6}}</ref> and Uniprot ID: O75112-5, 35.6 kDa, 330 amino acids);<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heartproteome.org/copa/ProteinInfo.aspx?QType=Protein%20ID&QValue=O75112-5 | title = O75112-5}}</ref> and 4 ZASP long forms (Uniprot ID: O75112-4, 42.8 kDa, 398 amino acids;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heartproteome.org/copa/ProteinInfo.aspx?QType=Protein%20ID&QValue=O75112-4 | title = O75112-4}}</ref> Uniprot ID: O75112-3, 50.6 kDa, 470 amino acids;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heartproteome.org/copa/ProteinInfo.aspx?QType=Protein%20ID&QValue=O75112-3 | title = O75112-3}}</ref> Uniprot ID: O75112-2, 66.6 kDa, 617 amino acids;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heartproteome.org/copa/ProteinInfo.aspx?QType=Protein%20ID&QValue=O75112-2 | title = O75112-2 }}</ref> and Uniprot ID: O75112, 77.1 kDa, 727 amino acids).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heartproteome.org/copa/ProteinInfo.aspx?QType=Protein%20ID&QValue=O75112  | title = O75112 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Zong NC, Li H, Li H, Lam MP, Jimenez RC, Kim CS, Deng N, Kim AK, Choi JH, Zelaya I, Liem D, Meyer D, Odeberg J, Fang C, Lu HJ, Xu T, Weiss J, Duan H, Uhlen M, Yates JR, Apweiler R, Ge J, Hermjakob H, Ping P | title = Integration of cardiac proteome biology and medicine by a specialized knowledgebase | journal = Circulation Research | volume = 113 | issue = 9 | pages = 1043–53 | date = Oct 2013 | pmid = 23965338 | doi = 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.301151 | pmc=4076475}}</ref>  All ZASP isoforms have an N-terminal [[PDZ domain]]; internal, conserved sequences known as ZASP-like motifs (ZMs); and the four long isoforms have three [[C-terminus|C-terminal]] [[LIM domain]]s.<ref name="Sheikh F 2007"/>
{{reflist|2}}
 
==Further reading==
== Function ==
{{refbegin | 2}}
ZASP functions to maintain structural integrity of sarcomeres during contraction, and has been shown to be involved in [[protein kinase A]] signaling.<ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lin C, Guo X, Lange S, Liu J, Ouyang K, Yin X, Jiang L, Cai Y, Mu Y, Sheikh F, Ye S, Chen J, Ke Y, Cheng H | title = Cypher/ZASP is a novel A-kinase anchoring protein | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 288 | issue = 41 | pages = 29403–13 | date = Oct 2013 | pmid = 23996002 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M113.470708 | pmc=3795241}}</ref> ZASP has also been shown to  co-activate α5β1 integrins along with the protein [[Talin protein|TLN1]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bouaouina M, Jani K, Long JY, Czerniecki S, Morse EM, Ellis SJ, Tanentzapf G, Schöck F, Calderwood DA | title = Zasp regulates integrin activation | journal = Journal of Cell Science | volume = 125 | issue = Pt 23 | pages = 5647–57 | date = Dec 2012 | pmid = 22992465 | doi = 10.1242/jcs.103291 | pmc=3575701}}</ref>
{{PBB_Further_reading
 
| citations =  
== Clinical significance ==
*{{cite journal  | author=Marziliano N, Mannarino S, Nespoli L, ''et al.'' |title=Barth syndrome associated with compound hemizygosity and heterozygosity of the TAZ and LDB3 genes. |journal=Am. J. Med. Genet. A |volume=143 |issue= 9 |pages= 907-15 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17394203 |doi= 10.1002/ajmg.a.31653 }}
 
*{{cite journal  | author=Klaavuniemi T, Ylänne J |title=Zasp/Cypher internal ZM-motif containing fragments are sufficient to co-localize with alpha-actinin--analysis of patient mutations. |journal=Exp. Cell Res. |volume=312 |issue= 8 |pages= 1299-311 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16476425 |doi= 10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.12.036 }}
Mutations in ZASP have been associated with [[myofibril]]lar [[myopathy]],<ref name="pmid15668942">{{cite journal | vauthors = Selcen D, Engel AG | title = Mutations in ZASP define a novel form of muscular dystrophy in humans | journal = Annals of Neurology | volume = 57 | issue = 2 | pages = 269–76 | date = Feb 2005 | pmid = 15668942 | doi = 10.1002/ana.20376 }}</ref> [[dilated cardiomyopathy]],<ref name="pmid14662268">{{cite journal | vauthors = Vatta M, Mohapatra B, Jimenez S, Sanchez X, Faulkner G, Perles Z, Sinagra G, Lin JH, Vu TM, Zhou Q, Bowles KR, Di Lenarda A, Schimmenti L, Fox M, Chrisco MA, Murphy RT, McKenna W, Elliott P, Bowles NE, Chen J, Valle G, Towbin JA | title = Mutations in Cypher/ZASP in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and left ventricular non-compaction | journal = Journal of the American College of Cardiology | volume = 42 | issue = 11 | pages = 2014–27 | date = Dec 2003 | pmid = 14662268 | doi = 10.1016/j.jacc.2003.10.021 | url = http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735109703013615 }}</ref><ref name="pmid14660611">{{cite journal | vauthors = Arimura T, Hayashi T, Terada H, Lee SY, Zhou Q, Takahashi M, Ueda K, Nouchi T, Hohda S, Shibutani M, Hirose M, Chen J, Park JE, Yasunami M, Hayashi H, Kimura A | title = A Cypher/ZASP mutation associated with dilated cardiomyopathy alters the binding affinity to protein kinase C | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 279 | issue = 8 | pages = 6746–52 | date = Feb 2004 | pmid = 14660611 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M311849200 }}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal | vauthors = Vatta M, Mohapatra B, Jimenez S, Sanchez X, Faulkner G, Perles Z, Sinagra G, Lin JH, Vu TM, Zhou Q, Bowles KR, Di Lenarda A, Schimmenti L, Fox M, Chrisco MA, Murphy RT, McKenna W, Elliott P, Bowles NE, Chen J, Valle G, Towbin JA | title = Mutations in Cypher/ZASP in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and left ventricular non-compaction | journal = Journal of the American College of Cardiology | volume = 42 | issue = 11 | pages = 2014–27 | date = Dec 2003 | pmid = 14662268 | doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2003.10.021}}</ref>  [[arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy]],<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lopez-Ayala JM, Ortiz-Genga M, Gomez-Milanes I, Lopez-Cuenca D, Ruiz-Espejo F, Sanchez-Munoz JJ, Oliva-Sandoval MJ, Monserrat L, Gimeno JR | title = A mutation in the Z-line Cypher/ZASP protein is associated with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy | journal = Clinical Genetics | date = Jul 2014 | pmid = 25041374 | doi = 10.1111/cge.12458 | volume=88 | pages=172–6}}</ref> [[noncompaction cardiomyopathy]],<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Xi Y, Ai T, De Lange E, Li Z, Wu G, Brunelli L, Kyle WB, Turker I, Cheng J, Ackerman MJ, Kimura A, Weiss JN, Qu Z, Kim JJ, Faulkner G, Vatta M | title = Loss of function of hNav1.5 by a ZASP1 mutation associated with intraventricular conduction disturbances in left ventricular noncompaction | journal = Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology | volume = 5 | issue = 5 | pages = 1017–26 | date = Oct 2012 | pmid = 22929165 | doi = 10.1161/CIRCEP.111.969220 | pmc=4331025}}</ref> and [[muscular dystrophy]].<ref name="pmid15668942"/>
*{{cite journal  | author=Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, ''et al.'' |title=Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=16 |issue= 1 |pages= 55-65 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16344560 |doi= 10.1101/gr.4039406 }}
 
*{{cite journal | author=Arimura T, Hayashi T, Terada H, ''et al.'' |title=A Cypher/ZASP mutation associated with dilated cardiomyopathy alters the binding affinity to protein kinase C. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=279 |issue= 8 |pages= 6746-52 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14660611 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M311849200 }}
==Interactions==
*{{cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
The [[PDZ domain]] of ZASP binds the [[C-terminus]] of [[Actinin, alpha 2|alpha actinin-2]]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Faulkner G, Pallavicini A, Formentin E, Comelli A, Ievolella C, Trevisan S, Bortoletto G, Scannapieco P, Salamon M, Mouly V, Valle G, Lanfranchi G | title = ZASP: a new Z-band alternatively spliced PDZ-motif protein | journal = The Journal of Cell Biology | volume = 146 | issue = 2 | pages = 465–75 | date = Jul 1999 | pmid = 10427098 | doi=10.1083/jcb.146.2.465 | pmc=3206570}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceC">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhou Q, Ruiz-Lozano P, Martone ME, Chen J | title = Cypher, a striated muscle-restricted PDZ and LIM domain-containing protein, binds to alpha-actinin-2 and protein kinase C | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 274 | issue = 28 | pages = 19807–13 | date = Jul 1999 | pmid = 10391924 | doi=10.1074/jbc.274.28.19807}}</ref> and ZMs bind the rod domain of [[Actinin, alpha 2|alpha actinin-2]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Klaavuniemi T, Ylänne J | title = Zasp/Cypher internal ZM-motif containing fragments are sufficient to co-localize with alpha-actinin--analysis of patient mutations | journal = Experimental Cell Research | volume = 312 | issue = 8 | pages = 1299–311 | date = May 2006 | pmid = 16476425 | doi = 10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.12.036 }}</ref>  The [[LIM domain]]s have been shown to interact with [[protein kinase C]].<ref name="ReferenceC"/><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kuroda S, Tokunaga C, Kiyohara Y, Higuchi O, Konishi H, Mizuno K, Gill GN, Kikkawa U | title = Protein-protein interaction of zinc finger LIM domains with protein kinase C | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 271 | issue = 49 | pages = 31029–32 | date = Dec 1996 | pmid = 8940095 | doi=10.1074/jbc.271.49.31029}}</ref>  The cardiac-specific region of ZASP encoded by exon 4 includes a ZP motif and binds a regulatory subunit of [[protein kinase A]].<ref name="ReferenceB"/>
*{{cite journal | author=Frey N, Olson EN |title=Calsarcin-3, a novel skeletal muscle-specific member of the calsarcin family, interacts with multiple Z-disc proteins. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue= 16 |pages= 13998-4004 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11842093 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M200712200 }}
 
*{{cite journal | author=Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA |title=DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=10 |issue= 11 |pages= 1788-95 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11076863 |doi= }}
== See also ==
*{{cite journal | author=Passier R, Richardson JA, Olson EN |title=Oracle, a novel PDZ-LIM domain protein expressed in heart and skeletal muscle. |journal=Mech. Dev. |volume=92 |issue= 2 |pages= 277-84 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10727866 |doi= }}
* [[Dilated cardiomyopathy]]
*{{cite journal | author=Faulkner G, Pallavicini A, Formentin E, ''et al.'' |title=ZASP: a new Z-band alternatively spliced PDZ-motif protein. |journal=J. Cell Biol. |volume=146 |issue= 2 |pages= 465-75 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10427098 |doi= }}
* [[Noncompaction cardiomyopathy]]
*{{cite journal | author=Zhou Q, Ruiz-Lozano P, Martone ME, Chen J |title=Cypher, a striated muscle-restricted PDZ and LIM domain-containing protein, binds to alpha-actinin-2 and protein kinase C. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=274 |issue= 28 |pages= 19807-13 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10391924 |doi= }}
{{Clear}}
*{{cite journal | author=Ishikawa K, Nagase T, Suyama M, ''et al.'' |title=Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. X. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which can code for large proteins in vitro. |journal=DNA Res. |volume=5 |issue= 3 |pages= 169-76 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9734811 |doi=  }}
 
*{{cite journal | author=Lanfranchi G, Muraro T, Caldara F, ''et al.'' |title=Identification of 4370 expressed sequence tags from a 3'-end-specific cDNA library of human skeletal muscle by DNA sequencing and filter hybridization. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=6 |issue= 1 |pages= 35-42 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8681137 |doi=  }}
== References ==
}}
{{reflist|33em}}
 
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin|33em}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Marziliano N, Mannarino S, Nespoli L, Diegoli M, Pasotti M, Malattia C, Grasso M, Pilotto A, Porcu E, Raisaro A, Raineri C, Dore R, Maggio PP, Brega A, Arbustini E | title = Barth syndrome associated with compound hemizygosity and heterozygosity of the TAZ and LDB3 genes | journal = American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A | volume = 143A | issue = 9 | pages = 907–15 | date = May 2007 | pmid = 17394203 | doi = 10.1002/ajmg.a.31653 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Klaavuniemi T, Ylänne J | title = Zasp/Cypher internal ZM-motif containing fragments are sufficient to co-localize with alpha-actinin--analysis of patient mutations | journal = Experimental Cell Research | volume = 312 | issue = 8 | pages = 1299–311 | date = May 2006 | pmid = 16476425 | doi = 10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.12.036 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, Ota T, Nishikawa T, Yamashita R, Yamamoto J, Sekine M, Tsuritani K, Wakaguri H, Ishii S, Sugiyama T, Saito K, Isono Y, Irie R, Kushida N, Yoneyama T, Otsuka R, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Kondo H, Wagatsuma M, Murakawa K, Ishida S, Ishibashi T, Takahashi-Fujii A, Tanase T, Nagai K, Kikuchi H, Nakai K, Isogai T, Sugano S | title = Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes | journal = Genome Research | volume = 16 | issue = 1 | pages = 55–65 | date = Jan 2006 | pmid = 16344560 | pmc = 1356129 | doi = 10.1101/gr.4039406 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Arimura T, Hayashi T, Terada H, Lee SY, Zhou Q, Takahashi M, Ueda K, Nouchi T, Hohda S, Shibutani M, Hirose M, Chen J, Park JE, Yasunami M, Hayashi H, Kimura A | title = A Cypher/ZASP mutation associated with dilated cardiomyopathy alters the binding affinity to protein kinase C | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 279 | issue = 8 | pages = 6746–52 | date = Feb 2004 | pmid = 14660611 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M311849200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Frey N, Olson EN | title = Calsarcin-3, a novel skeletal muscle-specific member of the calsarcin family, interacts with multiple Z-disc proteins | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 277 | issue = 16 | pages = 13998–4004 | date = Apr 2002 | pmid = 11842093 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M200712200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA | title = DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination | journal = Genome Research | volume = 10 | issue = 11 | pages = 1788–95 | date = Nov 2000 | pmid = 11076863 | pmc = 310948 | doi = 10.1101/gr.143000 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Passier R, Richardson JA, Olson EN | title = Oracle, a novel PDZ-LIM domain protein expressed in heart and skeletal muscle | journal = Mechanisms of Development | volume = 92 | issue = 2 | pages = 277–84 | date = Apr 2000 | pmid = 10727866 | doi = 10.1016/S0925-4773(99)00330-5 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Faulkner G, Pallavicini A, Formentin E, Comelli A, Ievolella C, Trevisan S, Bortoletto G, Scannapieco P, Salamon M, Mouly V, Valle G, Lanfranchi G | title = ZASP: a new Z-band alternatively spliced PDZ-motif protein | journal = The Journal of Cell Biology | volume = 146 | issue = 2 | pages = 465–75 | date = Jul 1999 | pmid = 10427098 | pmc = 3206570 | doi = 10.1083/jcb.146.2.465 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Zhou Q, Ruiz-Lozano P, Martone ME, Chen J | title = Cypher, a striated muscle-restricted PDZ and LIM domain-containing protein, binds to alpha-actinin-2 and protein kinase C | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 274 | issue = 28 | pages = 19807–13 | date = Jul 1999 | pmid = 10391924 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.274.28.19807 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Ishikawa K, Nagase T, Suyama M, Miyajima N, Tanaka A, Kotani H, Nomura N, Ohara O | title = Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. X. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which can code for large proteins in vitro | journal = DNA Research | volume = 5 | issue = 3 | pages = 169–76 | date = Jun 1998 | pmid = 9734811 | doi = 10.1093/dnares/5.3.169 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lanfranchi G, Muraro T, Caldara F, Pacchioni B, Pallavicini A, Pandolfo D, Toppo S, Trevisan S, Scarso S, Valle G | title = Identification of 4370 expressed sequence tags from a 3'-end-specific cDNA library of human skeletal muscle by DNA sequencing and filter hybridization | journal = Genome Research | volume = 6 | issue = 1 | pages = 35–42 | date = Jan 1996 | pmid = 8681137 | doi = 10.1101/gr.6.1.35 }}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


{{protein-stub}}
== External links ==
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=gene&part=mfm  GeneReviews/NIH/NCBI/UW entry on Myofibrillar Myopathy]
 
{{PDB Gallery|geneid=11155}}
{{Signal transducing adaptor proteins}}
 
{{NLM content}}

Latest revision as of 00:26, 9 October 2017

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
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View/Edit Human

LIM domain binding 3 (LDB3), also known as Z-band alternatively spliced PDZ-motif (ZASP), is a protein which in humans is encoded by the LDB3 gene.[1][2] ZASP belongs to the Enigma subfamily of proteins and stabilizes the sarcomere (the basic units of muscles) during contraction, through interactions with actin in cardiac and skeletal muscles. Mutations in the ZASP gene has been associated with several muscular diseases.

Structure

ZASP is a PDZ domain-containing protein. PDZ motifs are modular protein-protein interaction domains consisting of 80-120 amino acid residues. PDZ domain-containing proteins interact with each other in cytoskeletal assembly or with other proteins involved in targeting and clustering of membrane proteins. ZASP interacts with alpha-actinin-2 through its N-terminal PDZ domain and with protein kinase C via its C-terminal LIM domains. The LIM domain is a cysteine-rich motif defined by 50-60 amino acids containing two zinc-binding modules. This protein also interacts with all three members of the myozenin family.[1]

Human ZASP can exist in cardiac and skeletal cells as six distinct isoforms, based on alternative splicing of 16 exons.[3] There are 2 ZASP short forms (Uniprot ID: O75112-6, 31.0 kDa, 283 amino acids;[4] and Uniprot ID: O75112-5, 35.6 kDa, 330 amino acids);[5] and 4 ZASP long forms (Uniprot ID: O75112-4, 42.8 kDa, 398 amino acids;[6] Uniprot ID: O75112-3, 50.6 kDa, 470 amino acids;[7] Uniprot ID: O75112-2, 66.6 kDa, 617 amino acids;[8] and Uniprot ID: O75112, 77.1 kDa, 727 amino acids).[9][10] All ZASP isoforms have an N-terminal PDZ domain; internal, conserved sequences known as ZASP-like motifs (ZMs); and the four long isoforms have three C-terminal LIM domains.[3]

Function

ZASP functions to maintain structural integrity of sarcomeres during contraction, and has been shown to be involved in protein kinase A signaling.[11] ZASP has also been shown to co-activate α5β1 integrins along with the protein TLN1.[12]

Clinical significance

Mutations in ZASP have been associated with myofibrillar myopathy,[13] dilated cardiomyopathy,[14][15][16] arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy,[17] noncompaction cardiomyopathy,[16][18] and muscular dystrophy.[13]

Interactions

The PDZ domain of ZASP binds the C-terminus of alpha actinin-2[19][20] and ZMs bind the rod domain of alpha actinin-2.[21] The LIM domains have been shown to interact with protein kinase C.[20][22] The cardiac-specific region of ZASP encoded by exon 4 includes a ZP motif and binds a regulatory subunit of protein kinase A.[11]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Entrez Gene: LDB3 LIM domain binding 3".
  2. ↑ Faulkner G, Pallavicini A, Formentin E, Comelli A, Ievolella C, Trevisan S, Bortoletto G, Scannapieco P, Salamon M, Mouly V, Valle G, Lanfranchi G (July 1999). "ZASP: a new Z-band alternatively spliced PDZ-motif protein". J. Cell Biol. 146 (2): 465–75. doi:10.1083/jcb.146.2.465. PMC 3206570. PMID 10427098.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Sheikh F, Bang ML, Lange S, Chen J (Nov 2007). ""Z"eroing in on the role of Cypher in striated muscle function, signaling, and human disease". Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine. 17 (8): 258–62. doi:10.1016/j.tcm.2007.09.002. PMC 2134983. PMID 18021935.
  4. ↑ "O75112-6".
  5. ↑ "O75112-5".
  6. ↑ "O75112-4".
  7. ↑ "O75112-3".
  8. ↑ "O75112-2".
  9. ↑ "O75112".
  10. ↑ Zong NC, Li H, Li H, Lam MP, Jimenez RC, Kim CS, Deng N, Kim AK, Choi JH, Zelaya I, Liem D, Meyer D, Odeberg J, Fang C, Lu HJ, Xu T, Weiss J, Duan H, Uhlen M, Yates JR, Apweiler R, Ge J, Hermjakob H, Ping P (Oct 2013). "Integration of cardiac proteome biology and medicine by a specialized knowledgebase". Circulation Research. 113 (9): 1043–53. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.301151. PMC 4076475. PMID 23965338.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Lin C, Guo X, Lange S, Liu J, Ouyang K, Yin X, Jiang L, Cai Y, Mu Y, Sheikh F, Ye S, Chen J, Ke Y, Cheng H (Oct 2013). "Cypher/ZASP is a novel A-kinase anchoring protein". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 288 (41): 29403–13. doi:10.1074/jbc.M113.470708. PMC 3795241. PMID 23996002.
  12. ↑ Bouaouina M, Jani K, Long JY, Czerniecki S, Morse EM, Ellis SJ, Tanentzapf G, Schöck F, Calderwood DA (Dec 2012). "Zasp regulates integrin activation". Journal of Cell Science. 125 (Pt 23): 5647–57. doi:10.1242/jcs.103291. PMC 3575701. PMID 22992465.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Selcen D, Engel AG (Feb 2005). "Mutations in ZASP define a novel form of muscular dystrophy in humans". Annals of Neurology. 57 (2): 269–76. doi:10.1002/ana.20376. PMID 15668942.
  14. ↑ Vatta M, Mohapatra B, Jimenez S, Sanchez X, Faulkner G, Perles Z, Sinagra G, Lin JH, Vu TM, Zhou Q, Bowles KR, Di Lenarda A, Schimmenti L, Fox M, Chrisco MA, Murphy RT, McKenna W, Elliott P, Bowles NE, Chen J, Valle G, Towbin JA (Dec 2003). "Mutations in Cypher/ZASP in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and left ventricular non-compaction". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 42 (11): 2014–27. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2003.10.021. PMID 14662268.
  15. ↑ Arimura T, Hayashi T, Terada H, Lee SY, Zhou Q, Takahashi M, Ueda K, Nouchi T, Hohda S, Shibutani M, Hirose M, Chen J, Park JE, Yasunami M, Hayashi H, Kimura A (Feb 2004). "A Cypher/ZASP mutation associated with dilated cardiomyopathy alters the binding affinity to protein kinase C". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (8): 6746–52. doi:10.1074/jbc.M311849200. PMID 14660611.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Vatta M, Mohapatra B, Jimenez S, Sanchez X, Faulkner G, Perles Z, Sinagra G, Lin JH, Vu TM, Zhou Q, Bowles KR, Di Lenarda A, Schimmenti L, Fox M, Chrisco MA, Murphy RT, McKenna W, Elliott P, Bowles NE, Chen J, Valle G, Towbin JA (Dec 2003). "Mutations in Cypher/ZASP in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and left ventricular non-compaction". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 42 (11): 2014–27. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2003.10.021. PMID 14662268.
  17. ↑ Lopez-Ayala JM, Ortiz-Genga M, Gomez-Milanes I, Lopez-Cuenca D, Ruiz-Espejo F, Sanchez-Munoz JJ, Oliva-Sandoval MJ, Monserrat L, Gimeno JR (Jul 2014). "A mutation in the Z-line Cypher/ZASP protein is associated with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy". Clinical Genetics. 88: 172–6. doi:10.1111/cge.12458. PMID 25041374.
  18. ↑ Xi Y, Ai T, De Lange E, Li Z, Wu G, Brunelli L, Kyle WB, Turker I, Cheng J, Ackerman MJ, Kimura A, Weiss JN, Qu Z, Kim JJ, Faulkner G, Vatta M (Oct 2012). "Loss of function of hNav1.5 by a ZASP1 mutation associated with intraventricular conduction disturbances in left ventricular noncompaction". Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology. 5 (5): 1017–26. doi:10.1161/CIRCEP.111.969220. PMC 4331025. PMID 22929165.
  19. ↑ Faulkner G, Pallavicini A, Formentin E, Comelli A, Ievolella C, Trevisan S, Bortoletto G, Scannapieco P, Salamon M, Mouly V, Valle G, Lanfranchi G (Jul 1999). "ZASP: a new Z-band alternatively spliced PDZ-motif protein". The Journal of Cell Biology. 146 (2): 465–75. doi:10.1083/jcb.146.2.465. PMC 3206570. PMID 10427098.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Zhou Q, Ruiz-Lozano P, Martone ME, Chen J (Jul 1999). "Cypher, a striated muscle-restricted PDZ and LIM domain-containing protein, binds to alpha-actinin-2 and protein kinase C". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (28): 19807–13. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.28.19807. PMID 10391924.
  21. ↑ Klaavuniemi T, Ylänne J (May 2006). "Zasp/Cypher internal ZM-motif containing fragments are sufficient to co-localize with alpha-actinin--analysis of patient mutations". Experimental Cell Research. 312 (8): 1299–311. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.12.036. PMID 16476425.
  22. ↑ Kuroda S, Tokunaga C, Kiyohara Y, Higuchi O, Konishi H, Mizuno K, Gill GN, Kikkawa U (Dec 1996). "Protein-protein interaction of zinc finger LIM domains with protein kinase C". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (49): 31029–32. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.49.31029. PMID 8940095.

Further reading

  • Marziliano N, Mannarino S, Nespoli L, Diegoli M, Pasotti M, Malattia C, Grasso M, Pilotto A, Porcu E, Raisaro A, Raineri C, Dore R, Maggio PP, Brega A, Arbustini E (May 2007). "Barth syndrome associated with compound hemizygosity and heterozygosity of the TAZ and LDB3 genes". American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A. 143A (9): 907–15. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.31653. PMID 17394203.
  • Klaavuniemi T, Ylänne J (May 2006). "Zasp/Cypher internal ZM-motif containing fragments are sufficient to co-localize with alpha-actinin--analysis of patient mutations". Experimental Cell Research. 312 (8): 1299–311. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.12.036. PMID 16476425.
  • Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, Ota T, Nishikawa T, Yamashita R, Yamamoto J, Sekine M, Tsuritani K, Wakaguri H, Ishii S, Sugiyama T, Saito K, Isono Y, Irie R, Kushida N, Yoneyama T, Otsuka R, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Kondo H, Wagatsuma M, Murakawa K, Ishida S, Ishibashi T, Takahashi-Fujii A, Tanase T, Nagai K, Kikuchi H, Nakai K, Isogai T, Sugano S (Jan 2006). "Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes". Genome Research. 16 (1): 55–65. doi:10.1101/gr.4039406. PMC 1356129. PMID 16344560.
  • Arimura T, Hayashi T, Terada H, Lee SY, Zhou Q, Takahashi M, Ueda K, Nouchi T, Hohda S, Shibutani M, Hirose M, Chen J, Park JE, Yasunami M, Hayashi H, Kimura A (Feb 2004). "A Cypher/ZASP mutation associated with dilated cardiomyopathy alters the binding affinity to protein kinase C". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (8): 6746–52. doi:10.1074/jbc.M311849200. PMID 14660611.
  • Frey N, Olson EN (Apr 2002). "Calsarcin-3, a novel skeletal muscle-specific member of the calsarcin family, interacts with multiple Z-disc proteins". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (16): 13998–4004. doi:10.1074/jbc.M200712200. PMID 11842093.
  • Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA (Nov 2000). "DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination". Genome Research. 10 (11): 1788–95. doi:10.1101/gr.143000. PMC 310948. PMID 11076863.
  • Passier R, Richardson JA, Olson EN (Apr 2000). "Oracle, a novel PDZ-LIM domain protein expressed in heart and skeletal muscle". Mechanisms of Development. 92 (2): 277–84. doi:10.1016/S0925-4773(99)00330-5. PMID 10727866.
  • Faulkner G, Pallavicini A, Formentin E, Comelli A, Ievolella C, Trevisan S, Bortoletto G, Scannapieco P, Salamon M, Mouly V, Valle G, Lanfranchi G (Jul 1999). "ZASP: a new Z-band alternatively spliced PDZ-motif protein". The Journal of Cell Biology. 146 (2): 465–75. doi:10.1083/jcb.146.2.465. PMC 3206570. PMID 10427098.
  • Zhou Q, Ruiz-Lozano P, Martone ME, Chen J (Jul 1999). "Cypher, a striated muscle-restricted PDZ and LIM domain-containing protein, binds to alpha-actinin-2 and protein kinase C". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (28): 19807–13. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.28.19807. PMID 10391924.
  • Ishikawa K, Nagase T, Suyama M, Miyajima N, Tanaka A, Kotani H, Nomura N, Ohara O (Jun 1998). "Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. X. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which can code for large proteins in vitro". DNA Research. 5 (3): 169–76. doi:10.1093/dnares/5.3.169. PMID 9734811.
  • Lanfranchi G, Muraro T, Caldara F, Pacchioni B, Pallavicini A, Pandolfo D, Toppo S, Trevisan S, Scarso S, Valle G (Jan 1996). "Identification of 4370 expressed sequence tags from a 3'-end-specific cDNA library of human skeletal muscle by DNA sequencing and filter hybridization". Genome Research. 6 (1): 35–42. doi:10.1101/gr.6.1.35. PMID 8681137.

External links

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