Testicular cancer ultrasound: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Testicular cancer}} | {{Testicular cancer}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{G.D.}}, {{SC}} | |||
==Overview== | |||
[[Ultrasound]] may be helpful in the [[diagnosis]] of testicular cancer. Findings on [[ultrasound]] suggestive of testicular cancer [[mass]] include well defined well circumscribed hypoechoic lesion for [[seminoma]]; [[calcification]], [[cystic]] spaces, and [[heterogeneous]] for [[Nonseminoma|nonseminomatous]] [[germ cell tumors]]. | |||
==Ultrasound== | |||
* [[Ultrasound]] may be helpful in the [[diagnosis]] of testicular cancer. Findings on [[ultrasound]] suggestive of testicular cancer [[mass]] include:<ref name="VoyvodaVoyvoda2017">{{cite journal|last1=Voyvoda|first1=Nuray|last2=Voyvoda|first2=Bekir|last3=Çamurdan|first3=Özden|title=The Role of Imaging in Testicular Cancer Diagnosis, Staging and Follow-up|journal=Üroonkoloji Bülteni|volume=16|issue=2|year=2017|pages=51–56|issn=21472270|doi=10.4274/uob.694}}</ref><ref name="pmid2163557">{{cite journal |vauthors=Marth D, Scheidegger J, Studer UE |title=Ultrasonography of testicular tumors |journal=Urol. Int. |volume=45 |issue=4 |pages=237–40 |date=1990 |pmid=2163557 |doi=10.1159/000281715 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid3072643">{{cite journal |vauthors=Benson CB |title=The role of ultrasound in diagnosis and staging of testicular cancer |journal=Semin Urol |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=189–202 |date=August 1988 |pmid=3072643 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23701056">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kreydin EI, Barrisford GW, Feldman AS, Preston MA |title=Testicular cancer: what the radiologist needs to know |journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol |volume=200 |issue=6 |pages=1215–25 |date=June 2013 |pmid=23701056 |doi=10.2214/AJR.12.10319 |url=}}</ref> | |||
===Germ cell testicular tumor=== | |||
*[[Seminoma]]: | |||
**Well defined hypoechoic lesion | |||
**[[Homogeneous]] | |||
**Lack of [[Cystic|cystic lesion]] | |||
*[[Embryonal carcinoma]]:<ref name="pmid19066212">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ishida M, Hasegawa M, Kanao K, Oyama M, Nakajima Y |title=Non-palpable testicular embryonal carcinoma diagnosed by ultrasound: a case report |journal=Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol. |volume=39 |issue=2 |pages=124–6 |date=February 2009 |pmid=19066212 |doi=10.1093/jjco/hyn141 |url=}}</ref> | |||
**Irregular [[calcification]] | |||
**[[Cystic]] areas | |||
**[[Heterogeneous]] | |||
**Hypoechoic [[mass]] | |||
*[[Yolk sac tumor]]:<ref name="pmid16960883">{{cite journal |vauthors=Xu HX, Yi XP |title=Sonographic appearance of a testicular yolk sac tumor in a 2-year-old boy |journal=J Clin Ultrasound |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=55–7 |date=January 2007 |pmid=16960883 |doi=10.1002/jcu.20249 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24921638">{{cite journal |vauthors=Magers MJ, Kao CS, Cole CD, Rice KR, Foster RS, Einhorn LH, Ulbright TM |title="Somatic-type" malignancies arising from testicular germ cell tumors: a clinicopathologic study of 124 cases with emphasis on glandular tumors supporting frequent yolk sac tumor origin |journal=Am. J. Surg. Pathol. |volume=38 |issue=10 |pages=1396–409 |date=October 2014 |pmid=24921638 |doi=10.1097/PAS.0000000000000262 |url=}}</ref> | |||
**Hypervascular [[testicular mass]] | |||
**Isoechoid | |||
**Well-circumscribed | |||
**[[Homogenous]] and [[ovoid]] | |||
*[[Choriocarcinoma]]:<ref name="pmid26881635">{{cite journal |vauthors=Puri S, Sood S, Mohindroo S, Kaushal V |title=Cytomorphology of lung metastasis of pure choriocarcinoma of testis in a 58-year-old male |journal=J Cancer Res Ther |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=1035 |date=2015 |pmid=26881635 |doi=10.4103/0973-1482.154010 |url=}}</ref> | |||
**Hemorraghic and [[necrotic]] | |||
**[[Calcified lesion|Calcified]] and [[cystic]] | |||
* It is used to confirm that there is a [[tumor]] in the [[testicle]] and check its size, shape, location, and density. | |||
* [[Ultrasound]] can help to distinguish [[benign]] [[tumors]] from [[malignant]] ones. | |||
===Sex cord stromal testicular tumor=== | |||
*[[Leydig cell tumor]]:<ref name="pmid9808128">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cheville JC, Sebo TJ, Lager DJ, Bostwick DG, Farrow GM |title=Leydig cell tumor of the testis: a clinicopathologic, DNA content, and MIB-1 comparison of nonmetastasizing and metastasizing tumors |journal=Am. J. Surg. Pathol. |volume=22 |issue=11 |pages=1361–7 |date=November 1998 |pmid=9808128 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17284120">{{cite journal |vauthors=Al-Agha OM, Axiotis CA |title=An in-depth look at Leydig cell tumor of the testis |journal=Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. |volume=131 |issue=2 |pages=311–7 |date=February 2007 |pmid=17284120 |doi=10.1043/1543-2165(2007)131[311:AILALC]2.0.CO;2 |url=}}</ref> | |||
**Well defined | |||
**hypoechoid and [[Cystic|cystic mass]] | |||
**[[Homogeneous]] and [[Calcified lesion|calcified]] | |||
**Hypervascular [[peripheral blood]] flow | |||
*[[Sertoli cell|Sertoli]] [[cell]] [[tumor]]:<ref name="pmid17527069">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ulbright TM, Amin MB, Young RH |title=Intratubular large cell hyalinizing sertoli cell neoplasia of the testis: a report of 8 cases of a distinctive lesion of the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome |journal=Am. J. Surg. Pathol. |volume=31 |issue=6 |pages=827–35 |date=June 2007 |pmid=17527069 |doi=10.1097/PAS.0b013e3180309e33 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12660458">{{cite journal |vauthors=Giglio M, Medica M, De Rose AF, Germinale F, Ravetti JL, Carmignani G |title=Testicular sertoli cell tumours and relative sub-types. Analysis of clinical and prognostic features |journal=Urol. Int. |volume=70 |issue=3 |pages=205–10 |date=2003 |pmid=12660458 |doi=10.1159/000068770 |url=}}</ref> | |||
**Hyperechogenic [[mass]] on [[Calcified lesion|calcified]] subtype | |||
**Hypervascular around the [[Calcified lesion|calcified]] areas | |||
**Lack of [[cystic]] tissues | |||
*[[Granulosa cell tumor]]:<ref name="pmid22355492">{{cite journal |vauthors=Song Z, Vaughn DJ, Bing Z |title=Adult type granulosa cell tumor in adult testis: report of a case and review of the literature |journal=Rare Tumors |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=e37 |date=October 2011 |pmid=22355492 |pmc=3282442 |doi=10.4081/rt.2011.e37 |url=}}</ref> | |||
**[[Solid]] and hypoechoid [[mass]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Andrology]] | [[Category:Andrology]] | ||
[[Category:Types of cancer]] | [[Category:Types of cancer]] | ||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Oncology]] | [[Category:Oncology]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Medicine]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Urology]] | ||
Latest revision as of 10:17, 29 May 2019
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Testicular cancer Microchapters |
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Testicular cancer ultrasound On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Testicular cancer ultrasound |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Testicular cancer ultrasound |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Gertrude Djouka, M.D.[2], Shanshan Cen, M.D. [3]
Overview
Ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of testicular cancer. Findings on ultrasound suggestive of testicular cancer mass include well defined well circumscribed hypoechoic lesion for seminoma; calcification, cystic spaces, and heterogeneous for nonseminomatous germ cell tumors.
Ultrasound
- Ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of testicular cancer. Findings on ultrasound suggestive of testicular cancer mass include:[1][2][3][4]
Germ cell testicular tumor
- Seminoma:
- Well defined hypoechoic lesion
- Homogeneous
- Lack of cystic lesion
- Embryonal carcinoma:[5]
- Irregular calcification
- Cystic areas
- Heterogeneous
- Hypoechoic mass
- Yolk sac tumor:[6][7]
- Hypervascular testicular mass
- Isoechoid
- Well-circumscribed
- Homogenous and ovoid
- Choriocarcinoma:[8]
- It is used to confirm that there is a tumor in the testicle and check its size, shape, location, and density.
- Ultrasound can help to distinguish benign tumors from malignant ones.
Sex cord stromal testicular tumor
- Leydig cell tumor:[9][10]
- Well defined
- hypoechoid and cystic mass
- Homogeneous and calcified
- Hypervascular peripheral blood flow
- Sertoli cell tumor:[11][12]
- Granulosa cell tumor:[13]
References
- ↑ Voyvoda, Nuray; Voyvoda, Bekir; Çamurdan, Özden (2017). "The Role of Imaging in Testicular Cancer Diagnosis, Staging and Follow-up". Üroonkoloji Bülteni. 16 (2): 51–56. doi:10.4274/uob.694. ISSN 2147-2270.
- ↑ Marth D, Scheidegger J, Studer UE (1990). "Ultrasonography of testicular tumors". Urol. Int. 45 (4): 237–40. doi:10.1159/000281715. PMID 2163557.
- ↑ Benson CB (August 1988). "The role of ultrasound in diagnosis and staging of testicular cancer". Semin Urol. 6 (3): 189–202. PMID 3072643.
- ↑ Kreydin EI, Barrisford GW, Feldman AS, Preston MA (June 2013). "Testicular cancer: what the radiologist needs to know". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 200 (6): 1215–25. doi:10.2214/AJR.12.10319. PMID 23701056.
- ↑ Ishida M, Hasegawa M, Kanao K, Oyama M, Nakajima Y (February 2009). "Non-palpable testicular embryonal carcinoma diagnosed by ultrasound: a case report". Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol. 39 (2): 124–6. doi:10.1093/jjco/hyn141. PMID 19066212.
- ↑ Xu HX, Yi XP (January 2007). "Sonographic appearance of a testicular yolk sac tumor in a 2-year-old boy". J Clin Ultrasound. 35 (1): 55–7. doi:10.1002/jcu.20249. PMID 16960883.
- ↑ Magers MJ, Kao CS, Cole CD, Rice KR, Foster RS, Einhorn LH, Ulbright TM (October 2014). ""Somatic-type" malignancies arising from testicular germ cell tumors: a clinicopathologic study of 124 cases with emphasis on glandular tumors supporting frequent yolk sac tumor origin". Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 38 (10): 1396–409. doi:10.1097/PAS.0000000000000262. PMID 24921638.
- ↑ Puri S, Sood S, Mohindroo S, Kaushal V (2015). "Cytomorphology of lung metastasis of pure choriocarcinoma of testis in a 58-year-old male". J Cancer Res Ther. 11 (4): 1035. doi:10.4103/0973-1482.154010. PMID 26881635.
- ↑ Cheville JC, Sebo TJ, Lager DJ, Bostwick DG, Farrow GM (November 1998). "Leydig cell tumor of the testis: a clinicopathologic, DNA content, and MIB-1 comparison of nonmetastasizing and metastasizing tumors". Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 22 (11): 1361–7. PMID 9808128.
- ↑ Al-Agha OM, Axiotis CA (February 2007). "An in-depth look at Leydig cell tumor of the testis". Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 131 (2): 311–7. doi:10.1043/1543-2165(2007)131[311:AILALC]2.0.CO;2. PMID 17284120.
- ↑ Ulbright TM, Amin MB, Young RH (June 2007). "Intratubular large cell hyalinizing sertoli cell neoplasia of the testis: a report of 8 cases of a distinctive lesion of the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome". Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 31 (6): 827–35. doi:10.1097/PAS.0b013e3180309e33. PMID 17527069.
- ↑ Giglio M, Medica M, De Rose AF, Germinale F, Ravetti JL, Carmignani G (2003). "Testicular sertoli cell tumours and relative sub-types. Analysis of clinical and prognostic features". Urol. Int. 70 (3): 205–10. doi:10.1159/000068770. PMID 12660458.
- ↑ Song Z, Vaughn DJ, Bing Z (October 2011). "Adult type granulosa cell tumor in adult testis: report of a case and review of the literature". Rare Tumors. 3 (4): e37. doi:10.4081/rt.2011.e37. PMC 3282442. PMID 22355492.