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{{Growth hormone deficiency}}
{{Growth hormone deficiency}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MAD}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
In the mid 1940s, Li and Evans were the first to purify [[Growth hormone|bovine GH.]] In 1981, Genentech developed the first [[Recombinant DNA|recombinant]] human [[Growth hormone|GH]]. In 1981, Genentech developed the first [[Recombinant DNA|recombinant]] human GH for the therapy of severe childhood GHD. By 1985, GH extracted from human [[Pituitary gland|pituitary glands]] were used to treat growth hormone deficiency.
==Historical Perspective==
==Historical Perspective==
Perhaps the most famous person who exemplified the appearance of untreated congenital growth hormone deficiency was Charles Sherwood Stratton (1838-1883), who was exhibited by P.T. Barnum as [[General Tom Thumb]], and married Lavinia Warren. Pictures of the couple appear to show the typical adult features of untreated severe growth hormone deficiency. Despite the severe shortness, limbs and trunk are proportional.  
* In the mid 1940s, Li and Evans were the first to purify [[Growth hormone|bovine GH]] at the University of California.<ref name="pmid9255217">{{cite journal| author=Frasier SD| title=The not-so-good old days: working with pituitary growth hormone in North America, 1956 to 1985. | journal=J Pediatr | year= 1997 | volume= 131 | issue= 1 Pt 2 | pages= S1-4 | pmid=9255217 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9255217  }}</ref>
 
* In 1956, Li and Papkoff were the first to isolate [[growth hormone]] from the human [[pituitary gland]] at California University.
Like many other 19th century medical terms which lost precise meaning as they gained wider currency, “midget” as a term for someone with severe proportional shortness acquired pejorative connotations and is no longer used in a medical context.
* In 1981, Genentech developed the first [[Recombinant DNA|recombinant]] human GH for the therapy of severe childhood GHD. <ref name="pmid3296632">{{cite journal| author=Flodh H| title=Human growth hormone produced with recombinant DNA technology: development and production. | journal=Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl | year= 1986 | volume= 325 | issue=  | pages= 1-9 | pmid=3296632 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3296632  }}</ref>
* By 1985, GH extracted from human [[Pituitary gland|pituitary glands]] were used to treat growth hormone deficiency.<ref name="pmid19717006">{{cite journal| author=Franklin SL, Geffner ME| title=Growth hormone: the expansion of available products and indications. | journal=Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am | year= 2009 | volume= 38 | issue= 3 | pages= 587-611 | pmid=19717006 | doi=10.1016/j.ecl.2009.06.006 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19717006  }}</ref>
* In 1985, treatment with GH extracts was stopped completely due to reports of four young adults in the United States with [[Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease|Creutzfeldt Jacob Disease]] who had been treated with GH.<ref name="pmid3891943">{{cite journal| author=| title=Degenerative neurologic disease in patients formerly treated with human growth hormone. Report of the Committee on Growth Hormone Use of the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society, May 1985. | journal=J Pediatr | year= 1985 | volume= 107 | issue= 1 | pages= 10-2 | pmid=3891943 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3891943  }}</ref>
* List of indications for GH use in non-GH-deficient children and adults have increased with time.<ref name="pmid20849734">{{cite journal| author=Takeda A, Cooper K, Bird A, Baxter L, Frampton GK, Gospodarevskaya E et al.| title=Recombinant human growth hormone for the treatment of growth disorders in children: a systematic review and economic evaluation. | journal=Health Technol Assess | year= 2010 | volume= 14 | issue= 42 | pages= 1-209, iii-iv | pmid=20849734 | doi=10.3310/hta14420 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20849734  }}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
 
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
 
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]

Latest revision as of 18:15, 20 October 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohammed Abdelwahed M.D[2]

Overview

In the mid 1940s, Li and Evans were the first to purify bovine GH. In 1981, Genentech developed the first recombinant human GH. In 1981, Genentech developed the first recombinant human GH for the therapy of severe childhood GHD. By 1985, GH extracted from human pituitary glands were used to treat growth hormone deficiency.

Historical Perspective

  • In the mid 1940s, Li and Evans were the first to purify bovine GH at the University of California.[1]
  • In 1956, Li and Papkoff were the first to isolate growth hormone from the human pituitary gland at California University.
  • In 1981, Genentech developed the first recombinant human GH for the therapy of severe childhood GHD. [2]
  • By 1985, GH extracted from human pituitary glands were used to treat growth hormone deficiency.[3]
  • In 1985, treatment with GH extracts was stopped completely due to reports of four young adults in the United States with Creutzfeldt Jacob Disease who had been treated with GH.[4]
  • List of indications for GH use in non-GH-deficient children and adults have increased with time.[5]

References

  1. Frasier SD (1997). "The not-so-good old days: working with pituitary growth hormone in North America, 1956 to 1985". J Pediatr. 131 (1 Pt 2): S1–4. PMID 9255217.
  2. Flodh H (1986). "Human growth hormone produced with recombinant DNA technology: development and production". Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl. 325: 1–9. PMID 3296632.
  3. Franklin SL, Geffner ME (2009). "Growth hormone: the expansion of available products and indications". Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 38 (3): 587–611. doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2009.06.006. PMID 19717006.
  4. "Degenerative neurologic disease in patients formerly treated with human growth hormone. Report of the Committee on Growth Hormone Use of the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society, May 1985". J Pediatr. 107 (1): 10–2. 1985. PMID 3891943.
  5. Takeda A, Cooper K, Bird A, Baxter L, Frampton GK, Gospodarevskaya E; et al. (2010). "Recombinant human growth hormone for the treatment of growth disorders in children: a systematic review and economic evaluation". Health Technol Assess. 14 (42): 1–209, iii–iv. doi:10.3310/hta14420. PMID 20849734.