Polio medical therapy: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
There is no treatment for neither form of poliomyelitis. Current management of these patients is based on supportive care towards [[symptom]] relief and prevention of [[complications]]. Supportive treatment may include: application of hot moist patches to affected [[muscles]]; [[mechanical ventilation]] with tank respirators, or positive pressure ventilators; drainage and suction of [[secretions]]; [[bladder]] [[catheterization]]; physical and psychological therapy.<ref name=mend>{{cite book | last = Mandell | first = Gerald | title = Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases | publisher = Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier | location = Philadelphia, PA | year = 2010 | isbn = 0443068399 }}</ref> | |||
== Medical Therapy== | == Medical Therapy== | ||
===Supportive Care=== | |||
Hospitalization is indicated for acute cases of paralytic poliomyelitis, since bed rest and proper care help prevent extension of the [[paralysis]]. [[Pain]] and [[spasms]] may be relieved by application of hot moist packs to the affected [[muscles]]. Once progression of [[paralysis]] has stopped, [[physical therapy]] should be initiated.<ref name=mend>{{cite book | last = Mandell | first = Gerald | title = Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases | publisher = Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier | location = Philadelphia, PA | year = 2010 | isbn = 0443068399 }}</ref> [[Mechanical ventilation]] is indicated when [[paralysis]] of the [[respiratory]] [[muscles]] occurs, before development of [[hypoxia]]. It is often started once [[vital capacity]] is below 50%. Endotracheal intubation, often with subsequent tracheostomy may be required in these patients. Previous methods of ventilation included negative pressure ventilator chambers that are no longer used in modern medical practice. For patients with bulbar poliomyelitis without [[respiratory]] [[muscle]] [[paralysis]], drainage of [[secretions]] may be accomplished by [[suction]] and postural drainage. For severe cases of this form of the disease, tracheal intubation may be required.<ref name=mend>{{cite book | last = Mandell | first = Gerald | title = Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases | publisher = Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier | location = Philadelphia, PA | year = 2010 | isbn = 0443068399 }}</ref> | |||
In spinal poliomyelitis with paralysis or weakness of the bladder muscle, [[catheterization]] may be indicated.<ref name=mend>{{cite book | last = Mandell | first = Gerald | title = Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases | publisher = Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier | location = Philadelphia, PA | year = 2010 | isbn = 0443068399 }}</ref> Psychological management of the disease should also be provided to the patient, in order to facilitate dealing with the disease and accompanying disabilities.<ref name=mend>{{cite book | last = Mandell | first = Gerald | title = Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases | publisher = Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier | location = Philadelphia, PA | year = 2010 | isbn = 0443068399 }}</ref> | |||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|1}} | |||
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{{WS}} | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
Latest revision as of 23:46, 29 July 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]
Overview
There is no treatment for neither form of poliomyelitis. Current management of these patients is based on supportive care towards symptom relief and prevention of complications. Supportive treatment may include: application of hot moist patches to affected muscles; mechanical ventilation with tank respirators, or positive pressure ventilators; drainage and suction of secretions; bladder catheterization; physical and psychological therapy.[1]
Medical Therapy
Supportive Care
Hospitalization is indicated for acute cases of paralytic poliomyelitis, since bed rest and proper care help prevent extension of the paralysis. Pain and spasms may be relieved by application of hot moist packs to the affected muscles. Once progression of paralysis has stopped, physical therapy should be initiated.[1] Mechanical ventilation is indicated when paralysis of the respiratory muscles occurs, before development of hypoxia. It is often started once vital capacity is below 50%. Endotracheal intubation, often with subsequent tracheostomy may be required in these patients. Previous methods of ventilation included negative pressure ventilator chambers that are no longer used in modern medical practice. For patients with bulbar poliomyelitis without respiratory muscle paralysis, drainage of secretions may be accomplished by suction and postural drainage. For severe cases of this form of the disease, tracheal intubation may be required.[1]
In spinal poliomyelitis with paralysis or weakness of the bladder muscle, catheterization may be indicated.[1] Psychological management of the disease should also be provided to the patient, in order to facilitate dealing with the disease and accompanying disabilities.[1]