Hymenolepis infection: Difference between revisions

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'''For patient information click [[Hymenolepis infection (patient information)|here]].
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{{Hymenolepis infection}}
 
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{{SK}} Dwarf tapeworm infection, rat tapeworm infection, hymenolepiasis


==[[Hymenolepis infection overview|Overview]]==


'''''Related Key Words and Synonyms:''''' Dwarf tapeworm, Hymenolepiasis.
==[[Hymenolepis infection pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
 
== Diagnosis ==
The diagnosis depends on the demonstration of eggs in stool specimens.  Concentration techniques and repeated examinations will increase the likelihood of detecting light infections.
 
=== Differential Diagnosis ===


=== History and Symptoms ===
==[[Hymenolepis infection causes|Causes]]==
Most people who are infected do not have any symptoms. Those who have symptoms may experience [[nausea]], [[weakness]], loss of appetite, [[diarrhea]], and [[abdominal pain]]. Young children, especially those with a heavy infection, may develop a [[headache]], itchy bottom, or have difficulty sleeping. Sometimes infection is misdiagnosed as a pinworm infection.


Contrary to popular belief, a tapeworm infection does not generally cause weight loss. You cannot feel the tapeworm inside your body.
==[[Hymenolepis infection differential diagnosis|Differentiating Hymenolepis infection from other Diseases]]==


=== Laboratory Findings ===
==[[Hymenolepis infection epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
'''''Microscopy:'''''
[[Image:Egg of Hymenolepis diminuta.jpg|left|Egg of Hymenolepis diminuta (A), Egg of Hymenolepis (B)]]
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'''A:''' Egg of Hymenolepis diminuta.  These eggs are round or slightly oval, size 70 to 86 µm by 60 to 80 µm, with a striated outer membrane and a thin inner membrane.  The space between the membranes is smooth or faintly granular.  The oncosphere has six hooks (of which at least four are visible at this level of focus).  Image contributed by Georgia Department of Public Health.
==[[Hymenolepis infection risk factors|Risk Factors]]==


'''B:''' Egg of Hymenolepis nana.  These eggs are oval and smaller than those of H. diminuta, their size being 30 to 55 µm.  On the inner membrane are two poles, from which 4 to 8 polar filaments spread out between the two membranes.  The oncosphere has six hooks (seen as dark lines at 8 o'clock).  Image contributed by Georgia Department of Public Health.
==[[Hymenolepis infection natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
[[Image:Artifact resembling a H. nana egg.jpg|left|Artifact resembling a H. nana egg]]
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'''C:''' Artifact resembling a H. nana egg.  However, no hooks and no polar filaments are visible in the artifact.


'''''Macroscopic:'''''
==Diagnosis==
[[Image:Three adult Hymenolepis nana tapeworms.jpg|left|Three adult Hymenolepis nana tapeworms]]
[[Hymenolepis infection history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Hymenolepis infection physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Hymenolepis infection laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Hymenolepis infection other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
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'''F:''' Three adult Hymenolepis nana tapeworms.  Each tapeworm (length: 15 to 40 mm) has a small, rounded scolex at the anterior end, and proglottids can be distinguished at the posterior, wider end.  Image contributed by the Georgia Division of Public Health.


== Risk Stratification and Prognosis==
==Treatment==
*Infection with the dwarf tapeworm is generally not serious. However, prolonged infection can lead to more severe symptoms; therefore, medical attention is needed to eliminate the tapeworm.
[[Hymenolepis infection medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Hymenolepis infection primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Hymenolepis infection cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Hymenolepis infection future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
*Eggs are infectious (meaning they can re-infect you or infect others) immediately after being shed in feces.


== Treatment ==
==Case Studies==
[[Hymenolepis infection case study one|Case #1]]


==== Acute Pharmacotherapies ====
==External Links==
A prescription drug called praziquantel is given. The medication causes the tapeworm to dissolve within the intestines. Praziquantel is generally well tolerated. Sometimes more than one treatment is necessary.
*http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/hymenolepis/
 
*http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/Hymenolepiasis.htm
=== Primary Prevention ===
*Wash hands with soap and water after using the toilet, and before handling food.
*If you work in a childcare center where you change diapers, be sure to wash your hands thoroughly with plenty of soap and warm water after every diaper change, even if you wear gloves.
*When traveling in countries where food is likely to be contaminated, wash, peel or cook all raw vegetables and fruits with safe water before eating.
 
==References==
#http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/hymenolepis/default.htm
#http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/Hymenolepiasis.htm
 
== Acknowledgements ==
The content on this page was first contributed by: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.




{{Helminthiases}}
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[[Category:Parasitic diseases]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]

Latest revision as of 18:04, 18 September 2017

For patient information click here.

Hymenolepis infection Microchapters

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Overview

Pathophysiology

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Case #1

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: Dwarf tapeworm infection, rat tapeworm infection, hymenolepiasis

Overview

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Hymenolepis infection from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Primary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

External Links


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