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Overview

Differentiating Juvenile idiopathic arthritis from other Diseases

Abbreviations: ABG= Arterial blood gas, ANA= Antinuclear antibody, ANP= Atrial natriuretic peptide, ASO= Antistreptolysin O antibody, BNP= Brain natriuretic peptide, CBC= Complete blood count, COPD= Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CRP= C-reactive protein, CT= Computed tomography, CXR= Chest X-ray, DVT= Deep vein thrombosis, ESR= Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, HRCT= High Resolution CT, IgE= Immunoglobulin E, LDH= Lactate dehydrogenase, PCWP= Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, PCR= Polymerase chain reaction, PFT= Pulmonary function test.

		Symptoms					Physical examination			Lab Findings				Imaging				Histopathology
Diseases		Clinical manifestations								Para-clinical findings									Gold standard	Additional findings
		Symptoms					Physical examination			Para-clinical findings
		Headache	Fever	Weight loss	Arthralgia	Claudication	Bruit	HTN	Focal neurological disorder	Biomarker	CBC	ESR	Other	CT scan	Angiography	Ultrasound/ Echocardiography	Other	Histopathology
Kawasaki disease^[1]		-	+	+/-	+	+	-	+/-	-	NT-proBNP, Meprin A, Filamin C	Normochromic anemia, ↑WBC with a left shift, Thrombocytosis	↑	Acute-phase reactants, ↓Cholesterol, ↓HDL, ↓ApolipoA	Coronary artery calcifications	Coronary artery aneurysms, stenosis or occlusion	Coronary artery anomaly in echocardiography	Electron beam CT (EBCT)	Acute destruction of the media by neutrophils, with loss of elastic fibers	History and physical examination	Diarrhea, Vomiting
Polyarteritis nodosa^[2]		+	+	+	+	+	+	+/-	+/-	LAMP-2 protein autoantibodies	Leukocytosis, Normochromic anemia, Thrombocytosis	↑	↑ Cr or BUN, ↑ ALT or AST, Proteinuria	Focal regions of infarction or hemorrhage	Multiple microaneurysms, Hemorrhage due to focal rupture, Occlusion	Aneurysms and renal arteriovenous fistula in color Doppler sonography	-	Necrotizing inflammatory lesions	Angiography	Sudden weight loss, Abdominal pain
Hepatitis B virus-associated polyarteritis nodosa^[3]		+/-	+/-	+	+	+/-	+/-	+	-	HBsAg	Leukocytosis, Normochromic anemia, Thrombocytosis	↑	↑ ALT or AST	Focal regions of infarction or hemorrhage	Microaneurysms in mesenteric artery	Aneurysms and renal arteriovenous fistula in color Doppler sonography	-	Necrotizing inflammatory lesions	Angiography	Peripheral neuropathy, Livedo reticularis
Infectious disease	Parvovirus B19 infection^[4]	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	+/-	B19 DNA, ↓Reticulocyte count	Anemia	↑	anti–parvovirus B19 IgM	-	-	Hydrops in fetal ultrasonography	-	-	B19 DNA	Purpuric rash, Erythema multiforme
	Scarlet fever^[5]	+	+	+/-	+	-	-	-	-	Antistreptolysin-O (ASO) titers	Leukocytosis	↑	↑CRP	Thickened pulmonary markings if pneumonia	-	-	-	Sparse neutrophilic perivascular infiltrate	History and physical examination	Sand-paper rashes, Sore throat
	Toxic shock syndrome^[6]	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	+/-	Procalcitonin	Leukocytosis with left shift	↑	Myoglobinuria, Sterile pyuria	Acute respiratory distress syndrome	-	-	-	Necrolysis of keratinocytes in epidermis, Perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate	Clinical criteria	Peeling or rashes, Organ dysfunction
	Mononucleosis^[7]	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	EBV DNA	Atypical lymphocyte	↑	Heterophile antibodies	CNS involvement	-	Splenomegaly	Encephalitis in MRI	Lymphoproliferative response in oropharynx, Lymphocytic infiltration in spleen	Heterophile antibody test	Splenomegaly, Palatal petechiae
	Leptospirosis^[8]	+	+	+	+	+/-	-	-	-	IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10	Anemia	-	↑Cr or BUN, ↑ALT or AST, Proteinuria	Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage	-	-	-	Toxin-mediated break down of endothelial cell membranes of capillaries	Culture and the microscopic agglutination test	Red eyes, Skin rash
	Lyme Disease^[9]	+/-	+	+/-	+	+/-	-	-	-	CXCL9 (MIG), CXCL10 (IP-10) and CCL19 (MIP3B)	Leukopenia, Thrombocytopenia	-	Microscopic hematuria, Proteinuria, ↑ALT or AST	Punctate lesions in periventricular white matter in brain SPECT	-	-	-	Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans	Serologic tests	Erythema migrans
	Measles^[10]	+/-	+	+/-	+	-	-	-	-	Measles IgM	Leukopenia, Lymphocytosis, Thrombocytopenia	-	↑ALT or AST	Pneumonia	-	-	CXR	Spongiosis and vesiculation in the epidermis with scattered dyskeratotic keratinocytes	PCR	Generalized rash, Cough, Coryza, or Conjunctivitis
	Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever^[11]	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	R rickettsii serology	Thrombocytopenia, Anemia	-	↑ALT or AST, Hyponatremia	Infarction, edema, and meningeal enhancement	-	Myocardial or conduction abnormalities in echocardiography	-	Immunofluorescent or immunoperoxidase staining of R rickettsii	Clinical criteria and tick exposure	Rash on the palms and soles
	Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome^[12]	+	+	+	+	-	-	+/-	+/-	Anti exfoliatin and anti alpha-toxin antibodies	Leukocytosis with left shift	↑	Blood culture	Pneumonia	-	-	-	Intraepidermal blister, dense superficial perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltrate	Blood culture and clinical findings	Widespread skin erythema, fluid-filled blisters
	Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis^[13]	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	+/-	MicroRNA-124	Normochromic normocytic anemia, Eosinophilia	↑	Fluid loss and electrolyte abnormalities	Tracheobronchial inflammation	-	-	-	Necrotic keratinocytes with full-thickness epithelial necrosis	Histopathology and clinical findings	Erythematous macular rash with purpuric centers
Systemic disease	Antiphospholipid Syndrome^[14]	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	+/-	Antiphospholipid antibodies	Thrombocytopenia, Hemolytic anemia	-	Lupus anticoagulant (LA)	Stroke, Pulmonary embolism, Budd-Chiari syndrome	Thrombus in major vessels	Valve thickening, vegetations, or insufficiency in echocardiography	-	Noninflammatory bland thrombosis without perivascular inflammation	Hx of thrombosis and antiphospholipid antibodies	Miscarriage, Pulmonary hypertension
Systemic disease	Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis^[15]	-	-	-	+	+/-	-	-	-	Rheumatoid factor (RF), S100A12	Lymphocytosis, Thrombocytopenia	↑	Myeloid-related proteins 8/14 (MRP8/14)	Synovial hypertrophy, Joint effusions	Cerebral vasculitis	Inflamed synovium	Bone scanning	Vascular congestion, RBC extravasation, Venular lumen occlusion	Conventional radiography	Evanescent rash, Dactylitis

Table below provides a differential diagnosis of disorders affecting the joints:^[16]

Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA)
Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis (CRMO)
Rickets


Disease name	Age of onset	Signs/Symptoms	X-ray findings	MRI findings
NOMID/CINCA^[16]^[17]	Early infancy	Parietal and frontal bossing Joint pain Knee valgus or varus Limb length differences Saddleback nose Contractures Urticaria-like rash Fever Chronic aseptic meningitis	Physis is the epicenter Early radiograph: enlargement of the unossified physis, resulting in a mass-like lesion Late radiograph: stippled ossification/calcification causing deformed adjacent epiphysis Possible involvement of multiple joints simultaneously or at different times	Enlarged, heterogenous physis with hypointense calcifications on T1 & T2 weighted images Heterogenous enhancement at the physis in post-gadolinium images Presence of popliteal lymph node Absence of bony erosion
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA)^[18]^[19]	Younger than 16 years old	Fever Arthritis Rash Lymphadenopathy Hepatosplenomegaly	Involvement of the articular surface of the joints Initially, soft tissue swelling and enlarged epiphyseal enlargement due to hyperemia As the disease progresses, joint space narrowing and bony erosion are the dominant features	First, joint effusion, cartilage thinning and loss Later, joint erosion and evidence of secondary osteoarthritis Potential complications such as avascular necrosis
Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis (CRMO)^[20]^[21]^[22]	Childhood and adolescence	Episodes of pain and joint swelling Fever may be present or not may occur as part of a syndrome or alone	Multiple symmetrical metaphyseal lesions Lesions ranges between purely osteolytic, osteolytic with a sclerotic rim, mixed lytic and sclerotic, and purely sclerotic	Early phases: marrow edema with hypointense appearance on T1-weighted images Hyperintense on T2-weighted images Synovial thickening Joint effusion Destruction of joint cartilage Subchondral bone
Rickets^[23]^[24]	Childhood (depends on the severity of deficiency)	Delay in fontanel closure Parietal and frontal bossing Rachitic rosary Harrison sulcus (or groove) Widening of the wrist Bowing of the distal radius and ulna Progressive lateral bowing of long bones	Widening, cupping and fraying of the metaphysis Irregular and widened epiphyseal plate Periosteal reaction	High signal intensity of unossified cartilage in the physis of the primary and secondary ossification centers No mass lesion or ossification in the physis

References

↑ Takahashi K, Oharaseki T, Yokouchi Y (2011). "Pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease". Clin Exp Immunol. 164 Suppl 1: 20–2. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04361.x. PMC 3095860. PMID 21447126.
↑ Howard T, Ahmad K, Swanson JA, Misra S (2014). "Polyarteritis nodosa". Tech Vasc Interv Radiol. 17 (4): 247–51. doi:10.1053/j.tvir.2014.11.005. PMC 4363102. PMID 25770638.
↑ Sharma A, Sharma K (September 2013). "Hepatotropic viral infection associated systemic vasculitides-hepatitis B virus associated polyarteritis nodosa and hepatitis C virus associated cryoglobulinemic vasculitis". J Clin Exp Hepatol. 3 (3): 204–12. doi:10.1016/j.jceh.2013.06.001. PMC 4216827. PMID 25755502.
↑ Heegaard ED, Brown KE (2002). "Human parvovirus B19". Clin Microbiol Rev. 15 (3): 485–505. PMC 118081. PMID 12097253.
↑ Basetti S, Hodgson J, Rawson TM, Majeed A (2017). "Scarlet fever: a guide for general practitioners". London J Prim Care (Abingdon). 9 (5): 77–79. doi:10.1080/17571472.2017.1365677. PMC 5649319. PMID 29081840.
↑ Vostral SL (2011). "Rely and Toxic Shock Syndrome: a technological health crisis". Yale J Biol Med. 84 (4): 447–59. PMC 3238331. PMID 22180682.
↑ Balfour HH, Dunmire SK, Hogquist KA (2015). "Infectious mononucleosis". Clin Transl Immunology. 4 (2): e33. doi:10.1038/cti.2015.1. PMC 4346501. PMID 25774295.
↑ Levett PN (April 2001). "Leptospirosis". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 14 (2): 296–326. doi:10.1128/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001. PMC 88975. PMID 11292640.
↑ Biesiada G, Czepiel J, Leśniak MR, Garlicki A, Mach T (2012). "Lyme disease: review". Arch Med Sci. 8 (6): 978–82. doi:10.5114/aoms.2012.30948. PMC 3542482. PMID 23319969.
↑ White SJ, Boldt KL, Holditch SJ, Poland GA, Jacobson RM (2012). "Measles, mumps, and rubella". Clin Obstet Gynecol. 55 (2): 550–9. doi:10.1097/GRF.0b013e31824df256. PMC 3334858. PMID 22510638.
↑ Walker DH (1989). "Rocky Mountain spotted fever: a disease in need of microbiological concern". Clin Microbiol Rev. 2 (3): 227–40. PMC 358117. PMID 2504480.
↑ Mishra AK, Yadav P, Mishra A (2016). "A Systemic Review on Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS): A Rare and Critical Disease of Neonates". Open Microbiol J. 10: 150–9. doi:10.2174/1874285801610010150. PMC 5012080. PMID 27651848.
↑ Hoetzenecker W, Mehra T, Saulite I, Glatz M, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Guenova E; et al. (2016). "Toxic epidermal necrolysis". F1000Res. 5. doi:10.12688/f1000research.7574.1. PMC 4879934. PMID 27239294.
↑ Chaturvedi S, McCrae KR (2015). "The antiphospholipid syndrome: still an enigma". Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2015: 53–60. doi:10.1182/asheducation-2015.1.53. PMC 4877624. PMID 26637701.
↑ Espinosa M, Gottlieb BS (July 2012). "Juvenile idiopathic arthritis". Pediatr Rev. 33 (7): 303–13. doi:10.1542/pir.33-7-303. PMID 22753788.
↑ ^16.0 ^16.1 Sridharan, Radhika; Mohd Zaki, Faizah; Sook Pei, Tan; Swee Ping, Tang; Ibrahim, Sharaf (2012). "NOMID: The radiographic and MRI features and review of literature". Journal of Radiology Case Reports. 6 (3). doi:10.3941/jrcr.v6i3.745. ISSN 1943-0922.
↑ Ahmadi, Neda; Brewer, Carmen C.; Zalewski, Christopher; King, Kelly A.; Butman, John A.; Plass, Nicole; Henderson, Cailin; Goldbach-Mansky, Raphaela; Kim, H. Jeffrey (2011). "Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes". Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. 145 (2): 295–302. doi:10.1177/0194599811402296. ISSN 0194-5998.
↑ Yulish, B S; Lieberman, J M; Newman, A J; Bryan, P J; Mulopulos, G P; Modic, M T (1987). "Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: assessment with MR imaging". Radiology. 165 (1): 149–152. doi:10.1148/radiology.165.1.3628761. ISSN 0033-8419.
↑ Edward M. Behrens, Timothy Beukelman, Lisa Gallo, Julie Spangler, Margalit Rosenkranz, Thaschawee Arkachaisri, Rosanne Ayala, Brandt Groh, Terri H. Finkel & Randy Q. Cron (2008). "Evaluation of the presentation of systemic onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: data from the Pennsylvania Systemic Onset Juvenile Arthritis Registry (PASOJAR)". The Journal of rheumatology. 35 (2): 343–348. PMID 18085728. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ Aygun, Deniz; Barut, Kenan; Camcioglu, Yildiz; Kasapcopur, Ozgur (2015). "Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: a rare skeletal disorder". BMJ Case Reports: bcr2015210061. doi:10.1136/bcr-2015-210061. ISSN 1757-790X.
↑ Ferguson, Polly J.; Sandu, Monica (2012). "Current Understanding of the Pathogenesis and Management of Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis". Current Rheumatology Reports. 14 (2): 130–141. doi:10.1007/s11926-012-0239-5. ISSN 1523-3774.
↑ Khanna, Geetika; Sato, Takashi S. P.; Ferguson, Polly (2009). "Imaging of Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis". RadioGraphics. 29 (4): 1159–1177. doi:10.1148/rg.294085244. ISSN 0271-5333.
↑ Madhusmita Misra, Daniele Pacaud, Anna Petryk, Paulo Ferrez Collett-Solberg & Michael Kappy (2008). "Vitamin D deficiency in children and its management: review of current knowledge and recommendations". Pediatrics. 122 (2): 398–417. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-1894. PMID 18676559. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ Ecklund, K.; Doria, Andrea S.; Jaramillo, Diego (1999). "Rickets on MR images". Pediatric Radiology. 29 (9): 673–675. doi:10.1007/s002470050673. ISSN 0301-0449.

Template:WH Template:WS

[pmid21447126-1] Takahashi K, Oharaseki T, Yokouchi Y (2011). "Pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease". Clin Exp Immunol. 164 Suppl 1: 20–2. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04361.x. PMC 3095860. PMID 21447126.

[pmid25770638-2] Howard T, Ahmad K, Swanson JA, Misra S (2014). "Polyarteritis nodosa". Tech Vasc Interv Radiol. 17 (4): 247–51. doi:10.1053/j.tvir.2014.11.005. PMC 4363102. PMID 25770638.

[pmid25755502-3] Sharma A, Sharma K (September 2013). "Hepatotropic viral infection associated systemic vasculitides-hepatitis B virus associated polyarteritis nodosa and hepatitis C virus associated cryoglobulinemic vasculitis". J Clin Exp Hepatol. 3 (3): 204–12. doi:10.1016/j.jceh.2013.06.001. PMC 4216827. PMID 25755502.

[pmid12097253-4] Heegaard ED, Brown KE (2002). "Human parvovirus B19". Clin Microbiol Rev. 15 (3): 485–505. PMC 118081. PMID 12097253.

[pmid29081840-5] Basetti S, Hodgson J, Rawson TM, Majeed A (2017). "Scarlet fever: a guide for general practitioners". London J Prim Care (Abingdon). 9 (5): 77–79. doi:10.1080/17571472.2017.1365677. PMC 5649319. PMID 29081840.

[pmid22180682-6] Vostral SL (2011). "Rely and Toxic Shock Syndrome: a technological health crisis". Yale J Biol Med. 84 (4): 447–59. PMC 3238331. PMID 22180682.

[pmid25774295-7] Balfour HH, Dunmire SK, Hogquist KA (2015). "Infectious mononucleosis". Clin Transl Immunology. 4 (2): e33. doi:10.1038/cti.2015.1. PMC 4346501. PMID 25774295.

[pmid11292640-8] Levett PN (April 2001). "Leptospirosis". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 14 (2): 296–326. doi:10.1128/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001. PMC 88975. PMID 11292640.

[pmid23319969-9] Biesiada G, Czepiel J, Leśniak MR, Garlicki A, Mach T (2012). "Lyme disease: review". Arch Med Sci. 8 (6): 978–82. doi:10.5114/aoms.2012.30948. PMC 3542482. PMID 23319969.

[pmid22510638-10] White SJ, Boldt KL, Holditch SJ, Poland GA, Jacobson RM (2012). "Measles, mumps, and rubella". Clin Obstet Gynecol. 55 (2): 550–9. doi:10.1097/GRF.0b013e31824df256. PMC 3334858. PMID 22510638.

[pmid2504480-11] Walker DH (1989). "Rocky Mountain spotted fever: a disease in need of microbiological concern". Clin Microbiol Rev. 2 (3): 227–40. PMC 358117. PMID 2504480.

[pmid27651848-12] Mishra AK, Yadav P, Mishra A (2016). "A Systemic Review on Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS): A Rare and Critical Disease of Neonates". Open Microbiol J. 10: 150–9. doi:10.2174/1874285801610010150. PMC 5012080. PMID 27651848.

[pmid27239294-13] Hoetzenecker W, Mehra T, Saulite I, Glatz M, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Guenova E; et al. (2016). "Toxic epidermal necrolysis". F1000Res. 5. doi:10.12688/f1000research.7574.1. PMC 4879934. PMID 27239294.

[pmid26637701-14] Chaturvedi S, McCrae KR (2015). "The antiphospholipid syndrome: still an enigma". Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2015: 53–60. doi:10.1182/asheducation-2015.1.53. PMC 4877624. PMID 26637701.

[pmid22753788-15] Espinosa M, Gottlieb BS (July 2012). "Juvenile idiopathic arthritis". Pediatr Rev. 33 (7): 303–13. doi:10.1542/pir.33-7-303. PMID 22753788.

[SridharanMohd_Zaki2012-16] 16.0 ^16.1 Sridharan, Radhika; Mohd Zaki, Faizah; Sook Pei, Tan; Swee Ping, Tang; Ibrahim, Sharaf (2012). "NOMID: The radiographic and MRI features and review of literature". Journal of Radiology Case Reports. 6 (3). doi:10.3941/jrcr.v6i3.745. ISSN 1943-0922.

[AhmadiBrewer2011-17] Ahmadi, Neda; Brewer, Carmen C.; Zalewski, Christopher; King, Kelly A.; Butman, John A.; Plass, Nicole; Henderson, Cailin; Goldbach-Mansky, Raphaela; Kim, H. Jeffrey (2011). "Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes". Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. 145 (2): 295–302. doi:10.1177/0194599811402296. ISSN 0194-5998.

[YulishLieberman1987-18] Yulish, B S; Lieberman, J M; Newman, A J; Bryan, P J; Mulopulos, G P; Modic, M T (1987). "Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: assessment with MR imaging". Radiology. 165 (1): 149–152. doi:10.1148/radiology.165.1.3628761. ISSN 0033-8419.

[19] Edward M. Behrens, Timothy Beukelman, Lisa Gallo, Julie Spangler, Margalit Rosenkranz, Thaschawee Arkachaisri, Rosanne Ayala, Brandt Groh, Terri H. Finkel & Randy Q. Cron (2008). "Evaluation of the presentation of systemic onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: data from the Pennsylvania Systemic Onset Juvenile Arthritis Registry (PASOJAR)". The Journal of rheumatology. 35 (2): 343–348. PMID 18085728. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[AygunBarut2015-20] Aygun, Deniz; Barut, Kenan; Camcioglu, Yildiz; Kasapcopur, Ozgur (2015). "Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: a rare skeletal disorder". BMJ Case Reports: bcr2015210061. doi:10.1136/bcr-2015-210061. ISSN 1757-790X.

[FergusonSandu2012-21] Ferguson, Polly J.; Sandu, Monica (2012). "Current Understanding of the Pathogenesis and Management of Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis". Current Rheumatology Reports. 14 (2): 130–141. doi:10.1007/s11926-012-0239-5. ISSN 1523-3774.

[KhannaSato2009-22] Khanna, Geetika; Sato, Takashi S. P.; Ferguson, Polly (2009). "Imaging of Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis". RadioGraphics. 29 (4): 1159–1177. doi:10.1148/rg.294085244. ISSN 0271-5333.

[23] Madhusmita Misra, Daniele Pacaud, Anna Petryk, Paulo Ferrez Collett-Solberg & Michael Kappy (2008). "Vitamin D deficiency in children and its management: review of current knowledge and recommendations". Pediatrics. 122 (2): 398–417. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-1894. PMID 18676559. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[EcklundDoria1999-24] Ecklund, K.; Doria, Andrea S.; Jaramillo, Diego (1999). "Rickets on MR images". Pediatric Radiology. 29 (9): 673–675. doi:10.1007/s002470050673. ISSN 0301-0449.

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@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 ==Overview==
 ==Differentiating Juvenile idiopathic arthritis from other Diseases==
-Many other medical problems can cause symptoms similar to those of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, including:
+<span style="font-size:85%">'''Abbreviations:'''
+ABG= [[Arterial blood gas]], ANA= [[Antinuclear antibody]], ANP= [[Atrial natriuretic peptide]], ASO= [[Antistreptolysin O|Antistreptolysin O antibody]], BNP= [[Brain natriuretic peptide]], CBC= [[Complete blood count]], COPD= [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]], CRP= [[C-reactive protein]], CT= [[Computed tomography]], CXR= [[Chest X-ray]], DVT= [[Deep vein thrombosis]], ESR= [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate]], HRCT= [[High Resolution CT]], IgE= [[Immunoglobulin E]], LDH= [[Lactate dehydrogenase]], PCWP= [[Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure]], PCR= [[Polymerase chain reaction]], PFT= [[Pulmonary function test]].</span>
-*[[Lyme disease]]
+{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
-*[[Rheumatic fever]]
+! colspan="2" rowspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diseases
-*Bone infections ([[osteomyelitis]])
+| colspan="8" rowspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |'''Clinical manifestations'''
-*[[Sarcoidosis]]
+! colspan="9" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Para-clinical findings
-*[[Psoriatic arthritis]]
+| colspan="1" rowspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |'''Gold standard'''
-*[[Vasculitis]]
+! rowspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Additional findings
-*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]
+|-
+| colspan="5" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |'''Symptoms'''
+! colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" | Physical examination
+|-
+! colspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Lab Findings
+! colspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Imaging
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Histopathology
+|-
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Headache
+! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" | Fever
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Arthralgia
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Claudication
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bruit
+! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |HTN
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Focal neurological disorder
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Biomarker
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |ESR
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CT scan
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Angiography
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ultrasound/ Echocardiography
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Kawasaki disease]]<ref name="pmid21447126">{{cite journal| author=Takahashi K, Oharaseki T, Yokouchi Y| title=Pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease. | journal=Clin Exp Immunol | year= 2011 | volume= 164 Suppl 1 | issue=  | pages= 20-2 | pmid=21447126 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04361.x | pmc=3095860 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21447126  }}</ref>
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[NT-proBNP]], [[Meprin A]], [[Filamin A interacting protein 1 like|Filamin C]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Normochromic anemia]], ↑[[WBC]] with a [[left shift]], [[Thrombocytosis]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Acute phase reactant|Acute-phase reactants]], ↓[[Cholesterol]], ↓[[HDL]], ↓[[Apolipoprotein A1|ApolipoA]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Coronary artery]] [[Calcification|calcifications]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Coronary artery aneurysm|Coronary artery aneurysms]], [[Coronary artery stenosis|stenosis]] or [[Coronary artery anomaly|occlusion]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Coronary artery anomaly]] in [[echocardiography]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Electron beam tomography|Electron beam CT (EBCT)]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Acute destruction of the [[Tunica media|media]] by [[neutrophils]], with loss of [[elastic fibers]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |History and [[physical examination]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Diarrhea]], [[Vomiting]]
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Polyarteritis nodosa]]<ref name="pmid25770638">{{cite journal| author=Howard T, Ahmad K, Swanson JA, Misra S| title=Polyarteritis nodosa. | journal=Tech Vasc Interv Radiol | year= 2014 | volume= 17 | issue= 4 | pages= 247-51 | pmid=25770638 | doi=10.1053/j.tvir.2014.11.005 | pmc=4363102 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25770638  }}</ref>
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[LAMP2|LAMP-2 protein autoantibodies]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]], [[Normochromic anemia]], [[Thrombocytosis]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑ [[Creatinine|Cr]] or [[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]],
+↑ [[ALT]] or [[AST]], [[Proteinuria]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Focal regions of [[infarction]] or [[hemorrhage]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Multiple [[Aneurysm|microaneurysms]],  [[Hemorrhage]] due to focal [[rupture]], [[Occlusion]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Aneurysms]] and [[renal]] [[arteriovenous fistula]] in [[Doppler sonography|color Doppler sonography]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Necrotizing]] [[inflammatory]] lesions
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Angiography]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Sudden [[weight loss]], [[Abdominal pain]]
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Hepatitis B virus]]-associated [[polyarteritis nodosa]]<ref name="pmid25755502">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sharma A, Sharma K |title=Hepatotropic viral infection associated systemic vasculitides-hepatitis B virus associated polyarteritis nodosa and hepatitis C virus associated cryoglobulinemic vasculitis |journal=J Clin Exp Hepatol |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=204–12 |date=September 2013 |pmid=25755502 |pmc=4216827 |doi=10.1016/j.jceh.2013.06.001 |url=}}</ref>
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Hepatitis B surface antigen|HBsAg]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]], [[Normochromic anemia]], [[Thrombocytosis]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑ [[ALT]] or [[AST]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Focal regions of [[infarction]] or [[hemorrhage]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Aneurysms|Microaneurysms]] in [[mesenteric artery]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Aneurysms]] and [[renal]] [[arteriovenous fistula]] in [[Doppler sonography|color Doppler sonography]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Necrotizing]] [[inflammatory]] lesions
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Angiography]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Peripheral neuropathy]], [[Livedo reticularis]]
+|-
+! rowspan="10" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Infectious disease]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Parvovirus B19 infection]]<ref name="pmid12097253">{{cite journal| author=Heegaard ED, Brown KE| title=Human parvovirus B19. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 2002 | volume= 15 | issue= 3 | pages= 485-505 | pmid=12097253 | doi= | pmc=118081 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12097253  }}</ref>
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Parvovirus B19|B19]] [[DNA]], ↓[[Reticulocyte count]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Anemia]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |anti–[[parvovirus B19]] [[IgM]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Hydrops]] in fetal [[ultrasonography]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Parvovirus B19|B19]] [[DNA]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Purpura|Purpuric rash]], [[Erythema multiforme]]
+|-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Scarlet fever]]<ref name="pmid29081840">{{cite journal| author=Basetti S, Hodgson J, Rawson TM, Majeed A| title=Scarlet fever: a guide for general practitioners. | journal=London J Prim Care (Abingdon) | year= 2017 | volume= 9 | issue= 5 | pages= 77-79 | pmid=29081840 | doi=10.1080/17571472.2017.1365677 | pmc=5649319 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29081840  }}</ref>
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Antistreptococcal antibodies|Antistreptolysin-O (ASO) titers]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑[[CRP]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Thickened [[pulmonary]] markings if [[pneumonia]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Sparse [[Neutropenia|neutrophilic]] [[Perivascular cell|perivascular infiltrate]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |History and [[physical examination]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Sand-paper rashes, [[Sore throat]]
+|-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Toxic shock syndrome]]<ref name="pmid22180682">{{cite journal| author=Vostral SL| title=Rely and Toxic Shock Syndrome: a technological health crisis. | journal=Yale J Biol Med | year= 2011 | volume= 84 | issue= 4 | pages= 447-59 | pmid=22180682 | doi= | pmc=3238331 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22180682  }}</ref>
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Procalcitonin]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]] with [[left shift]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Myoglobinuria]], [[Pyuria|Sterile pyuria]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Acute respiratory distress syndrome]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Necrosis|Necrolysis]] of [[keratinocytes]] in [[epidermis]],  Perivascular [[lymphocytic]] infiltrate
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Clinical criteria
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Peeling or [[rashes]], Organ dysfunction
+|-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Mononucleosis]]<ref name="pmid25774295">{{cite journal| author=Balfour HH, Dunmire SK, Hogquist KA| title=Infectious mononucleosis. | journal=Clin Transl Immunology | year= 2015 | volume= 4 | issue= 2 | pages= e33 | pmid=25774295 | doi=10.1038/cti.2015.1 | pmc=4346501 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25774295  }}</ref>
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Epstein Barr virus|EBV]] [[DNA]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Atypical lymphocyte]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Heterophile antibody test|Heterophile antibodies]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[CNS Disease|CNS involvement]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Splenomegaly]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Encephalitis]] in [[MRI]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Lymphoproliferative response]] in [[oropharynx]], [[Lymphocytic|Lymphocytic infiltration]] in [[spleen]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Heterophile antibody test]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Splenomegaly]], [[Palatal]] [[petechiae]]
+|-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Leptospirosis]]<ref name="pmid11292640">{{cite journal |vauthors=Levett PN |title=Leptospirosis |journal=Clin. Microbiol. Rev. |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=296–326 |date=April 2001 |pmid=11292640 |pmc=88975 |doi=10.1128/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001 |url=}}</ref>
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Interleukin 6|IL-6]], [[IL-8]] and [[IL-10]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Anemia]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑[[Creatinine|Cr]] or [[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]],
+↑[[ALT]] or [[AST]], [[Proteinuria]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Diffuse [[alveolar]] [[hemorrhage]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Toxin]]-mediated break down of [[endothelial cell]] membranes of [[capillaries]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Culture and the [[Agglutination|microscopic agglutination test]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Red eyes]], [[Skin rash]]
+|-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Lyme disease|Lyme Disease]]<ref name="pmid23319969">{{cite journal| author=Biesiada G, Czepiel J, Leśniak MR, Garlicki A, Mach T| title=Lyme disease: review. | journal=Arch Med Sci | year= 2012 | volume= 8 | issue= 6 | pages= 978-82 | pmid=23319969 | doi=10.5114/aoms.2012.30948 | pmc=3542482 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23319969  }}</ref>
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[CXCL9|CXCL9 (MIG)]], [[CXCL10|CXCL10 (IP-10)]] and [[CCL19|CCL19 (MIP3B)]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukopenia]], [[Thrombocytopenia]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Microscopic hematuria]], [[Proteinuria]], ↑[[ALT]] or [[AST]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Punctate lesions in periventricular [[white matter]] in [[brain]] [[SPECT]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Serological testing|Serologic '''tests''']]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Erythema migrans]]
+|-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Measles]]<ref name="pmid22510638">{{cite journal| author=White SJ, Boldt KL, Holditch SJ, Poland GA, Jacobson RM| title=Measles, mumps, and rubella. | journal=Clin Obstet Gynecol | year= 2012 | volume= 55 | issue= 2 | pages= 550-9 | pmid=22510638 | doi=10.1097/GRF.0b013e31824df256 | pmc=3334858 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22510638  }}</ref>
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Measles]] [[Immunoglobulin M|IgM]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukopenia]], [[Lymphocytosis]], [[Thrombocytopenia]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑[[ALT]] or [[AST]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Pneumonia]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Chest X-ray|CXR]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Spongiosis and vesiculation in the [[epidermis]] with scattered dyskeratotic [[keratinocytes]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[PCR]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Rash|Generalized rash]], [[Cough]], [[Coryza]], or [[Conjunctivitis]]
+|-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever]]<ref name="pmid2504480">{{cite journal| author=Walker DH| title=Rocky Mountain spotted fever: a disease in need of microbiological concern. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 1989 | volume= 2 | issue= 3 | pages= 227-40 | pmid=2504480 | doi= | pmc=358117 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2504480  }}</ref>
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |''[[Rickettsia rickettsii infection|R rickettsii]]'' [[serology]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Thrombocytopenia]], [[Anemia]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑[[ALT]] or [[AST]], [[Hyponatremia]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Infarction]], [[edema]], and [[meningeal]] enhancement
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Myocardial]] or conduction abnormalities in [[echocardiography]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Immunofluorescent]] or [[immunoperoxidase]] staining of ''[[Rickettsia rickettsii infection|R rickettsii]]''
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Clinical criteria and [[tick]] exposure
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Rash on the [[Palms of the hands|palms]] and [[soles]]
+|-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome|Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome]]<ref name="pmid27651848">{{cite journal| author=Mishra AK, Yadav P, Mishra A| title=A Systemic Review on Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS): A Rare and Critical Disease of Neonates. | journal=Open Microbiol J | year= 2016 | volume= 10 | issue=  | pages= 150-9 | pmid=27651848 | doi=10.2174/1874285801610010150 | pmc=5012080 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27651848  }}</ref>
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Anti exfoliatin and [[Alpha toxin|anti alpha-toxin antibodies]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]] with [[left shift]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Blood culture]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Pneumonia]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Epidermal bullosa simplex|Intraepidermal blister]], dense superficial perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltrate
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Blood culture]] and clinical findings
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Erythroderma|'''Widespread''' skin erythema]], [[Blisters|fluid-filled '''blisters''']]
+|-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis]]<ref name="pmid27239294">{{cite journal| author=Hoetzenecker W, Mehra T, Saulite I, Glatz M, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Guenova E et al.| title=Toxic epidermal necrolysis. | journal=F1000Res | year= 2016 | volume= 5 | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=27239294 | doi=10.12688/f1000research.7574.1 | pmc=4879934 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27239294  }}</ref>
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[MicroRNA|MicroRNA-124]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Normocytic normochromic anemia|Normochromic normocytic anemia]], [[Eosinophilia]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Fluid loss]] and [[electrolyte abnormalities]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Tracheobronchial]] [[inflammation]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Necrotic]] [[keratinocytes]] with full-thickness [[epithelial]] [[necrosis]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Histopathology]] and clinical findings
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Erythematous rash|Erythematous macular rash]] with [[purpuric]] centers
+|-
+! rowspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Systemic disease]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Antiphospholipid syndrome|Antiphospholipid Syndrome]]<ref name="pmid26637701">{{cite journal| author=Chaturvedi S, McCrae KR| title=The antiphospholipid syndrome: still an enigma. | journal=Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program | year= 2015 | volume= 2015 | issue=  | pages= 53-60 | pmid=26637701 | doi=10.1182/asheducation-2015.1.53 | pmc=4877624 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26637701  }}</ref>
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Antiphospholipid antibodies]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Thrombocytopenia]], [[Hemolytic anemia]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Lupus anticoagulant|Lupus anticoagulant (LA)]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Stroke]],
+[[Pulmonary embolism]], [[Budd-Chiari syndrome]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Thrombus]] in major [[vessels]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Valve thickening, vegetations, or  insufficiency in [[echocardiography]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Noninflammatory bland [[thrombosis]] without perivascular [[inflammation]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Hx of [[thrombosis]] and [[antiphospholipid antibodies]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Miscarriage]], [[Pulmonary hypertension]]
+|-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis]]<ref name="pmid22753788">{{cite journal |vauthors=Espinosa M, Gottlieb BS |title=Juvenile idiopathic arthritis |journal=Pediatr Rev |volume=33 |issue=7 |pages=303–13 |date=July 2012 |pmid=22753788 |doi=10.1542/pir.33-7-303 |url=}}</ref>
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Rheumatoid factor|Rheumatoid factor (RF)]], [[S100A12]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Lymphocytosis]], [[Thrombocytopenia]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Myeloid-related proteins 8/14 (MRP8/14)
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Synovial]] [[hypertrophy]], Joint effusions
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Cerebral vasculitis]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Inflamed [[synovium]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Bone scan|Bone scanning]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Vascular congestion]], [[Extravasation|RBC extravasation]], Venular lumen occlusion
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Conventional [[radiography]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Rash|Evanescent rash]], [[Dactylitis]]
+|-
+|}
+Table below provides a [[differential diagnosis]] of [[disorders]] affecting the [[joints]]:<ref name="SridharanMohd Zaki2012">{{cite journal|last1=Sridharan|first1=Radhika|last2=Mohd Zaki|first2=Faizah|last3=Sook Pei|first3=Tan|last4=Swee Ping|first4=Tang|last5=Ibrahim|first5=Sharaf|title=NOMID: The radiographic and MRI features and review of literature|journal=Journal of Radiology Case Reports|volume=6|issue=3|year=2012|issn=1943-0922|doi=10.3941/jrcr.v6i3.745}}</ref>
+*[[Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis]] ([[Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis|JRA]])
+*Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis (CRMO)
+*[[Rickets]]
+{| border="3"
+|+
+! style="background: #4479BA; width: 150px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF| Disease name}}
+! style="background: #4479BA; width: 150px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF| Age of onset}}
+! style="background: #4479BA; width: 150px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF| Signs/Symptoms}} !! style="background: #4479BA; width: 150px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| X-ray findings}} !! style="background: #4479BA; width: 150px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF| MRI findings}}
+|-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="left" |NOMID/CINCA<ref name="SridharanMohd Zaki2012">{{cite journal|last1=Sridharan|first1=Radhika|last2=Mohd Zaki|first2=Faizah|last3=Sook Pei|first3=Tan|last4=Swee Ping|first4=Tang|last5=Ibrahim|first5=Sharaf|title=NOMID: The radiographic and MRI features and review of literature|journal=Journal of Radiology Case Reports|volume=6|issue=3|year=2012|issn=1943-0922|doi=10.3941/jrcr.v6i3.745}}</ref><ref name="AhmadiBrewer2011">{{cite journal|last1=Ahmadi|first1=Neda|last2=Brewer|first2=Carmen C.|last3=Zalewski|first3=Christopher|last4=King|first4=Kelly A.|last5=Butman|first5=John A.|last6=Plass|first6=Nicole|last7=Henderson|first7=Cailin|last8=Goldbach-Mansky|first8=Raphaela|last9=Kim|first9=H. Jeffrey|title=Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes|journal=Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery|volume=145|issue=2|year=2011|pages=295–302|issn=0194-5998|doi=10.1177/0194599811402296}}</ref>
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* Early infancy
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Parietal]] and [[frontal]] bossing
+* [[Joint pain]]
+* Knee [[valgus]] or [[varus]]
+* Limb length differences
+* Saddleback [[nose]]
+* [[Contractures]]
+*[[Urticaria|Urticaria-like]] [[rash]]
+* [[Fever]]
+* Chronic aseptic [[meningitis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* Physis is the epicenter
+* Early [[radiograph]]: enlargement of the unossified physis, resulting in a [[mass]]-like lesion
+* Late [[radiograph]]: stippled ossification/[[calcification]] causing deformed adjacent [[epiphysis]]
+* Possible involvement of multiple [[joints]] simultaneously or at different times
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* Enlarged, heterogenous  physis with hypointense [[Calcification|calcifications]] on T1 & T2 weighted images
+* Heterogenous enhancement at the physis in post-gadolinium images
+* Presence of [[popliteal]] [[lymph node]]
+* Absence of bony erosion
+|-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="left" |[[Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis]] ([[Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis|JRA]])<ref name="YulishLieberman1987">{{cite journal|last1=Yulish|first1=B S|last2=Lieberman|first2=J M|last3=Newman|first3=A J|last4=Bryan|first4=P J|last5=Mulopulos|first5=G P|last6=Modic|first6=M T|title=Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: assessment with MR imaging.|journal=Radiology|volume=165|issue=1|year=1987|pages=149–152|issn=0033-8419|doi=10.1148/radiology.165.1.3628761}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
+ | author = [[Edward M. Behrens]], [[Timothy Beukelman]], [[Lisa Gallo]], [[Julie Spangler]], [[Margalit Rosenkranz]], [[Thaschawee Arkachaisri]], [[Rosanne Ayala]], [[Brandt Groh]], [[Terri H. Finkel]] & [[Randy Q. Cron]]
+ | title = Evaluation of the presentation of systemic onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: data from the Pennsylvania Systemic Onset Juvenile Arthritis Registry (PASOJAR)
+ | journal = [[The Journal of rheumatology]]
+ | volume = 35
+ | issue = 2
+ | pages = 343–348
+ | year = 2008
+ | month = February
+ | pmid = 18085728
+}}</ref>
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* Younger than 16 years old
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[Fever]]
+* [[Arthritis]]
+* [[Rash]]
+* [[Lymphadenopathy]]
+* [[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
+<br />
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* Involvement of the articular surface of the [[joints]]
+* Initially, [[soft tissue]] [[swelling]] and enlarged epiphyseal enlargement due to hyperemia
+* As the [[disease]] progresses, [[joint]] space narrowing and bony erosion are the dominant features
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* First, [[joint]] effusion, [[cartilage]] thinning and loss
+* Later, [[joint]] [[erosion]] and evidence of secondary [[osteoarthritis]]
+* Potential [[complications]] such as [[avascular necrosis]]
+|-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="left" |Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis (CRMO)<ref name="AygunBarut2015">{{cite journal|last1=Aygun|first1=Deniz|last2=Barut|first2=Kenan|last3=Camcioglu|first3=Yildiz|last4=Kasapcopur|first4=Ozgur|title=Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: a rare skeletal disorder|journal=BMJ Case Reports|year=2015|pages=bcr2015210061|issn=1757-790X|doi=10.1136/bcr-2015-210061}}</ref><ref name="FergusonSandu2012">{{cite journal|last1=Ferguson|first1=Polly J.|last2=Sandu|first2=Monica|title=Current Understanding of the Pathogenesis and Management of Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis|journal=Current Rheumatology Reports|volume=14|issue=2|year=2012|pages=130–141|issn=1523-3774|doi=10.1007/s11926-012-0239-5}}</ref><ref name="KhannaSato2009">{{cite journal|last1=Khanna|first1=Geetika|last2=Sato|first2=Takashi S. P.|last3=Ferguson|first3=Polly|title=Imaging of Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis|journal=RadioGraphics|volume=29|issue=4|year=2009|pages=1159–1177|issn=0271-5333|doi=10.1148/rg.294085244}}</ref>
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* Childhood and adolescence
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* Episodes of [[pain]] and [[joint]] [[swelling]]
+* [[Fever]] may be present or not
+* may occur as part of a [[syndrome]] or alone
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* Multiple symmetrical [[metaphyseal]] [[lesions]]
+* [[Lesions]] ranges between purely osteolytic, osteolytic with a sclerotic rim, mixed [[lytic]] and sclerotic, and purely sclerotic
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* Early phases: marrow [[edema]] with hypointense appearance on T1-weighted images
+* Hyperintense on T2-weighted images
+*[[Synovial]] thickening
+*[[Joint]] effusion
+* Destruction of joint [[cartilage]]
+* Subchondral [[bone]]
+|-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; " align="left" |[[Rickets]]<ref>{{Cite journal
+ | author = [[Madhusmita Misra]], [[Daniele Pacaud]], [[Anna Petryk]], [[Paulo Ferrez Collett-Solberg]] & [[Michael Kappy]]
+ | title = Vitamin D deficiency in children and its management: review of current knowledge and recommendations
+ | journal = [[Pediatrics]]
+ | volume = 122
+ | issue = 2
+ | pages = 398–417
+ | year = 2008
+ | month = August
+ | doi = 10.1542/peds.2007-1894
+ | pmid = 18676559
+}}</ref><ref name="EcklundDoria1999">{{cite journal|last1=Ecklund|first1=K.|last2=Doria|first2=Andrea S.|last3=Jaramillo|first3=Diego|title=Rickets on MR images|journal=Pediatric Radiology|volume=29|issue=9|year=1999|pages=673–675|issn=0301-0449|doi=10.1007/s002470050673}}</ref>
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* Childhood (depends on the severity of [[deficiency]])
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* Delay in [[fontanel]] closure
+* [[Parietal]] and [[frontal]] bossing
+*[[Rachitic rosary]]
+* Harrison sulcus (or groove)
+* Widening of the [[wrist]]
+* Bowing of the distal [[radius]] and [[ulna]]
+* Progressive lateral bowing of [[long bones]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* Widening, cupping and fraying of the [[metaphysis]]
+* Irregular and widened [[epiphyseal plate]]
+* [[Periosteal reaction]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* High signal intensity of unossified [[cartilage]] in the physis of the primary and secondary [[ossification]] centers
+* No [[mass]] [[lesion]] or [[ossification]] in the [[physis]]
+|}
 ==References==
 {{reflist|2}}

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 23:04, 21 February 2020

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Differentiating Juvenile idiopathic arthritis from other Diseases

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