Spinal stenosis causes: Difference between revisions

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{{Spinal stenosis}}
{{Spinal stenosis}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MMJ}}
 
==Overview==
==Overview==
==Causes==
Spinal stenosis typically develops as a person ages and the disks become drier and start to shrink. At the same time, the bones and ligaments of the spine swell or grow larger due to [[arthritis]] or [[chronic]] [[inflammation]].


However, other problems, including infection and birth defects, can sometimes cause spinal stenosis.
The most common cause of spinal stenosis is [[degenerative joint disease]]. Other common causes of spinal stenosis include: [[Spinal disc herniation|Spinal disc herniation,]] thickness of the Ligamentum Flavum, [[trauma]], [[Spinal tumor|tumor]] (primary or secondary), [[scoliosis]], [[Compression fracture|vertebral compression fractures]], [[epidural abscess]], [[epidural hematoma]] and [[ligamentum flavum]] cyst.


Spinal stenosis may be caused by:
==Causes==
The most common cause of spinal stenosis is [[degenerative joint disease]].


* Arthritis involving the spine, usually in middle-aged or elderly people
Common causes of spinal stenosis include:
* Herniated or slipped disk, which often occurred in the past
* [[Degenerative joint disease]]<ref name="pmid25202160">{{cite journal| author=Ammendolia C| title=Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis and its imposters: three case studies. | journal=J Can Chiropr Assoc | year= 2014 | volume= 58 | issue= 3 | pages= 312-9 | pmid=25202160 | doi= | pmc=4139768 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25202160  }} </ref>
* Injury that causes pressure on the nerve roots or the [[spinal cord]] itself
* [[Spinal disc herniation]]<ref name="pmid26435805">{{cite journal| author=Lee SY, Kim TH, Oh JK, Lee SJ, Park MS| title=Lumbar Stenosis: A Recent Update by Review of Literature. | journal=Asian Spine J | year= 2015 | volume= 9 | issue= 5 | pages= 818-28 | pmid=26435805 | doi=10.4184/asj.2015.9.5.818 | pmc=4591458 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26435805  }} </ref>
* Defect in the spine that was present from birth (congenital defect)
*Thickness of the [[Ligamentum Flavum]]<ref name="pmid25901237">{{cite journal| author=Kolte VS, Khambatta S, Ambiye MV| title=Thickness of the ligamentum flavum: correlation with age and its asymmetry-an magnetic resonance imaging study. | journal=Asian Spine J | year= 2015 | volume= 9 | issue= 2 | pages= 245-53 | pmid=25901237 | doi=10.4184/asj.2015.9.2.245 | pmc=4404540 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25901237  }} </ref>
* Tumors in the spine
*[[Trauma]]<ref name="pmid3566498">{{cite journal| author=Weisz GM| title=Post-traumatic spinal stenosis. | journal=Arch Orthop Trauma Surg | year= 1986 | volume= 106 | issue= 1 | pages= 57-60 | pmid=3566498 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3566498  }} </ref>
* Bone diseases, such as [[Paget's disease]] of bone and [[achondroplasia]]
*[[Spinal tumor|Tumor]] (primary or secondary)<ref name="pmid27994784">{{cite journal| author=Fujii K, Sakane M, Abe T, Nakagawa T, Sakai S, Tatsumura M et al.| title=Tumor Occupation in the Spinal Canal and Clinical Symptoms of Cauda Equina Schwannoma: An Analysis of 22 Cases. | journal=Asian Spine J | year= 2016 | volume= 10 | issue= 6 | pages= 1079-1084 | pmid=27994784 | doi=10.4184/asj.2016.10.6.1079 | pmc=5164998 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27994784  }} </ref>
**Secondary tumors: [[lung cancer]], [[breast cancer]], [[prostate cancer]], or [[renal cancer]]. [[Sarcoma]], [[myeloma]], [[leukemia]], [[thyroid cancer]], [[lymphoma]], [[melanoma]], and [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal malignancies]] can also cause [[spinal stenosis]]
*[[Scoliosis]]<ref name="pmid1631710">{{cite journal| author=Simmons ED, Simmons EH| title=Spinal stenosis with scoliosis. | journal=Spine (Phila Pa 1976) | year= 1992 | volume= 17 | issue= 6 Suppl | pages= S117-20 | pmid=1631710 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1631710  }} </ref>
*[[Compression fracture|Vertebral compression fractures]]<ref name="pmid18758354">{{cite journal| author=Miller JD, Nader R| title=Treatment of combined osteoporotic compression fractures and spinal stenosis: use of vertebral augumentation and interspinous process spacer. | journal=Spine (Phila Pa 1976) | year= 2008 | volume= 33 | issue= 19 | pages= E717-20 | pmid=18758354 | doi=10.1097/BRS.0b013e31817f8d40 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18758354  }} </ref>
*[[Epidural abscess]]<ref name="pmid26512265">{{cite journal| author=Ju MW, Choi SW, Kwon HJ, Kim SH, Koh HS, Youm JY et al.| title=Treatment of Spinal Epidural Abscess and Predisposing Factors of Motor Weakness: Experience with 48 Patients. | journal=Korean J Spine | year= 2015 | volume= 12 | issue= 3 | pages= 124-9 | pmid=26512265 | doi=10.14245/kjs.2015.12.3.124 | pmc=4623165 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26512265  }} </ref>
*[[Epidural hematoma]]<ref name="pmid1712088">{{cite journal| author=Russ H, Mihatsch W, Gerlach M, Riederer P, Przuntek H| title=Neurochemical and behavioural features induced by chronic low dose treatment with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in the common marmoset: implications for Parkinson's disease? | journal=Neurosci Lett | year= 1991 | volume= 123 | issue= 1 | pages= 115-8 | pmid=1712088 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1712088  }} </ref><ref name="pmid10413354">{{cite journal |vauthors=Castel E, Lazennec JY, Chiras J, Enkaoua E, Saillant G |title=Acute spinal stenosis due to intraspinal bleeding from a vertebral hemangioma: two case-reports |journal=Eur Spine J |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=244–8 |year=1999 |pmid=10413354 |pmc=3611171 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15363434">{{cite journal |vauthors=Templin CR, Stambough JB, Stambough JL |title=Acute spinal stenosis caused by vertebral hemangioma |journal=Spine J |volume=4 |issue=5 |pages=595–600 |year=2004 |pmid=15363434 |doi=10.1016/j.spinee.2003.08.034 |url=}}</ref>
Less common causes are:
*[[Ligamentum flavum]] cyst<ref name="pmid24891868">{{cite journal| author=Seo DH, Park HR, Oh JS, Doh JW| title=Ligamentum flavum cyst of lumbar spine: a case report and literature review. | journal=Korean J Spine | year= 2014 | volume= 11 | issue= 1 | pages= 18-21 | pmid=24891868 | doi=10.14245/kjs.2014.11.1.18 | pmc=4040634 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24891868  }} </ref>


==References==
== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
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Latest revision as of 14:43, 19 July 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]

Overview

The most common cause of spinal stenosis is degenerative joint disease. Other common causes of spinal stenosis include: Spinal disc herniation, thickness of the Ligamentum Flavum, trauma, tumor (primary or secondary), scoliosis, vertebral compression fractures, epidural abscess, epidural hematoma and ligamentum flavum cyst.

Causes

The most common cause of spinal stenosis is degenerative joint disease.

Common causes of spinal stenosis include:

Less common causes are:

References

  1. ↑ Ammendolia C (2014). "Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis and its imposters: three case studies". J Can Chiropr Assoc. 58 (3): 312–9. PMC 4139768. PMID 25202160.
  2. ↑ Lee SY, Kim TH, Oh JK, Lee SJ, Park MS (2015). "Lumbar Stenosis: A Recent Update by Review of Literature". Asian Spine J. 9 (5): 818–28. doi:10.4184/asj.2015.9.5.818. PMC 4591458. PMID 26435805.
  3. ↑ Kolte VS, Khambatta S, Ambiye MV (2015). "Thickness of the ligamentum flavum: correlation with age and its asymmetry-an magnetic resonance imaging study". Asian Spine J. 9 (2): 245–53. doi:10.4184/asj.2015.9.2.245. PMC 4404540. PMID 25901237.
  4. ↑ Weisz GM (1986). "Post-traumatic spinal stenosis". Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 106 (1): 57–60. PMID 3566498.
  5. ↑ Fujii K, Sakane M, Abe T, Nakagawa T, Sakai S, Tatsumura M; et al. (2016). "Tumor Occupation in the Spinal Canal and Clinical Symptoms of Cauda Equina Schwannoma: An Analysis of 22 Cases". Asian Spine J. 10 (6): 1079–1084. doi:10.4184/asj.2016.10.6.1079. PMC 5164998. PMID 27994784.
  6. ↑ Simmons ED, Simmons EH (1992). "Spinal stenosis with scoliosis". Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 17 (6 Suppl): S117–20. PMID 1631710.
  7. ↑ Miller JD, Nader R (2008). "Treatment of combined osteoporotic compression fractures and spinal stenosis: use of vertebral augumentation and interspinous process spacer". Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 33 (19): E717–20. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e31817f8d40. PMID 18758354.
  8. ↑ Ju MW, Choi SW, Kwon HJ, Kim SH, Koh HS, Youm JY; et al. (2015). "Treatment of Spinal Epidural Abscess and Predisposing Factors of Motor Weakness: Experience with 48 Patients". Korean J Spine. 12 (3): 124–9. doi:10.14245/kjs.2015.12.3.124. PMC 4623165. PMID 26512265.
  9. ↑ Russ H, Mihatsch W, Gerlach M, Riederer P, Przuntek H (1991). "Neurochemical and behavioural features induced by chronic low dose treatment with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in the common marmoset: implications for Parkinson's disease?". Neurosci Lett. 123 (1): 115–8. PMID 1712088.
  10. ↑ Castel E, Lazennec JY, Chiras J, Enkaoua E, Saillant G (1999). "Acute spinal stenosis due to intraspinal bleeding from a vertebral hemangioma: two case-reports". Eur Spine J. 8 (3): 244–8. PMC 3611171. PMID 10413354.
  11. ↑ Templin CR, Stambough JB, Stambough JL (2004). "Acute spinal stenosis caused by vertebral hemangioma". Spine J. 4 (5): 595–600. doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2003.08.034. PMID 15363434.
  12. ↑ Seo DH, Park HR, Oh JS, Doh JW (2014). "Ligamentum flavum cyst of lumbar spine: a case report and literature review". Korean J Spine. 11 (1): 18–21. doi:10.14245/kjs.2014.11.1.18. PMC 4040634. PMID 24891868.

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