Cardiomyopathy causes: Difference between revisions

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{{Cardiomyopathy}}
{{Cardiomyopathy}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{EdzelCo}}
==Overview==
There are numerous causes of cardiomyopathies depending on the type in question.  Some of the causes include: [[genetic]] (e.g. [[hereditary spherocytosis]], [[familial cardiomyopathy]], [[Friedreich's ataxia]]); [[metabolic]] (e.g. [[beriberi]], [[Gaucher's disease]], [[uremia]]); and [[infectious]] (e.g. [[Adenoviridae|adenovirus]], [[african trypanosomiasis]], [[arbovirus]], [[ascariasis]]).  Cardiomyopathies usually have an insidious onset but life-threatening causes including [[acute coronary syndrome]], [[electrolyte imbalance]], and [[cocaine abuse]] which must be identified and managed accordingly. Other common causes include [[alcoholism]], [[diabetes mellitus]], and [[hypothyroidism]].


==Causes==
==Causes==
===Common Causes===


* [[Alcoholism]]
===Life Threatening Causes===
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.<ref name="pmid24976920">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sisakian H |title=Cardiomyopathies: Evolution of pathogenesis concepts and potential for new therapies |journal=World J Cardiol |volume=6 |issue=6 |pages=478–94 |date=June 2014 |pmid=24976920 |doi=10.4330/wjc.v6.i6.478 |url=}}</ref>


* [[Amyloidosis]]  
*[[Acute coronary syndrome]]
*[[Carbon monoxide toxicity]]
*[[Cocaine abuse]]
*[[Electrolyte imbalance]]
*[[Prolonged QT syndrome]]
*[[Tricyclic anti-depressant#Overdose|Tricyclic anti-depressant overdose]]


* [[Anthracyclines]]  
===Common Causes===
 
*[[Alcoholism]]  
* [[Beri-Beri]] (thiamine or vitamin B1)
*[[Amyloidosis]]
 
*[[Anthracyclines]]  
* [[Chagas disease]]  
*[[Beriberi]]
 
*[[Chagas disease]]  
* [[Cocaine]] abuse
*[[Chronic tachycardia]]
 
*[[Cocaine abuse]]
* [[Coxsackie virus]]  
*[[Coxsackie virus]]  
 
*[[Cushing syndrome]]  
* [[Cushing's Disease]]  
*[[Diabetes mellitus]]
* [[Chronic tachycardia]]  
*[[Electrolyte imbalance]]  
 
*[[HIV]]  
* [[Diabetes Mellitus]]
*[[Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy]]
 
*[[Hypothyroidism]]  
* [[Electrolyte imbalance]]  
*[[Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy]]  
 
*[[Kwashiorkor]]  
* [[Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Tricyclic anti-depressant#Overdose|Tricyclic anti-depressant overdose]]
* [[Hypothyroidism]]  
 
* [[HIV]]
 
* [[Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy]]  
* [[Kwashiorkor]]  
 
* [[Peripartum cardiomyopathy]]
* [[Stress cardiomyopathy]]


===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===
 
{| style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
| style="width:25%" bgcolor="lightsteelblue" ; border="1" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
| style="width:75%" bgcolor="beige" ; border="1" | [[Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia]], [[Idiopathic Infantile Arterial Calcification|arterial calcification of infancy]], [[Brugada syndrome]], [[Transplant rejection|cardiac transplant rejection]], cardiomyopathy-renal anomalies,<ref name="Leask-2007">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Leask | first1 = KM. | last2 = Kerr | first2 = B. | last3 = Ladusans | first3 = E. | title = Cardiomyopathy with renal anomalies in two siblings: a new recessive syndrome? | journal = Clin Dysmorphol | volume = 16 | issue = 1 | pages = 51-3 | month = Jan | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1097/MCD.0b013e328010caa9 | PMID = 17159516 }}</ref> [[chronic tachycardia]], [[coronary artery disease]], [[Cytochrome c oxidase|cytochrome C oxidase deficiency]], [[endomyocardial fibrosis]], [[eosinophilic endomyocardial disease]], [[giant cell myocarditis]], [[hypertension]], [[Keshan disease]] , [[left ventricular noncompaction]], [[Loeffler endocarditis]], [[myocarditis]], [[Naxos disease]], obesity-colitis-hypothyroidism-cardiac hypertrophy-developmental delay,<ref name="Tan-2007">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Tan | first1 = TY. | last2 = Amor | first2 = DJ. | title = Obesity, hypothyroidism, craniosynostosis, cardiac hypertrophy, colitis, and developmental delay: a novel syndrome. | journal = Am J Med Genet A | volume = 143 | issue = 2 | pages = 114-8 | month = Jan | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1002/ajmg.a.31548 | PMID = 17163533 }}</ref> [[prolonged QT syndrome]], X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy,<ref name="Towbin-1993">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Towbin |first1 = JA. | last2 = Hejtmancik | first2 = JF. | last3 = Brink | first3 = P. | last4 = Gelb | first4 = B. | last5 = Zhu | first5 = XM. | last6 = Chamberlain | first6 = JS. | last7 = McCabe | first7 = ER. | last8 = Swift | first8 = M. | title = X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy. Molecular genetic evidence of linkage to the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (dystrophin) gene at the Xp21 locus. | journal = Circulation | volume = 87 | issue = 6 | pages = 1854-65 | month = Jun | year = 1993 | doi =  | PMID = 8504498 }}</ref> X-linked fatal infantile cardiomyopathy<ref name="Gedeon-1995">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Gedeon | first1 = AK. | last2 = Wilson | first2 = MJ. | last3 = Colley | first3 = AC. | last4 = Sillence | first4 = DO. | last5 = Mulley | first5 = JC. | title = X linked fatal infantile cardiomyopathy maps to Xq28 and is possibly allelic to Barth syndrome. | journal = J Med Genet | volume = 32 | issue = 5 | pages = 383-8 | month = May | year = 1995 | doi =  | PMID = 7616547 }}</ref>
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia]], Arterial calcification of infancy, [[Brugada syndrome]], Cardiac transplant rejection, Cardiomyopathy - diabetes - deafness, Cardiomyopathy -- hypogonadism -- metabolic anomalies complex, Cardiomyopathy -- renal anomalies, Cardiomyopathy -- spherocytosis, Cardiomyopathy with myopathy due to COX deficency, [[Chronic tachycardia]], [[Congenital heart defect]], [[Coronary artery disease]], [[Endomyocardial fibrosis]], [[Eosinophilic endomyocardial disease]], Facio-cardio-musculo-skeletal syndrome, [[Giant Cell Myocarditis]], Inflammatory myocarditis, [[Kawasaki's Disease]], [[Myocarditis]], [[Poorly controlled hypertension]], [[Prolonged QT syndrome]], [[Rheumatic Fever]], [[Loeffler endocarditis]], [[Keshan disease]], Obesity -- colitis -- hypothyroidism -- cardiac hypertrophy -- developmental delay, [[Myotonic dystrophy]], Carcinoid heart disease
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Chemical / poisoning'''
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
| bgcolor="beige" | [[Arsenic]], [[cobalt]], [[Herbicide|endothall]], [[ethanol]], [[lead]], [[thallium]], [[allylamine]], [[carbon monoxide]], [[toxic mushrooms]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Arsenic]], [[Cobalt]], Endothall, [[Ethanol]], [[Lead]], [[Thallium]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Dermatologic'''
| '''Dermatologic'''
| bgcolor="beige" | Familial cutaneous collagenoma,<ref name="Dawn-">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Dawn | first1 = ME. | last2 = Deng | first2 = AC. | last3 = Petrali | first3 = J. | last4 = Wessely | first4 = C. | last5 = Jaffe | first5 = D. | last6 = Gaspari | first6 = AA. | title = Familial cutaneous collagenoma. | journal = Skinmed | volume = 7 | issue = 1 | pages = 43-5 | month =  | year =  | doi =  | PMID = 18174804 }}</ref> [[lentiginosis]], [[dermatomyositis]],  [[Carvajal-Huerta syndrome]], [[Histiocytosis|Hand-Schuller-Christian syndrome]], [[McLeod syndrome]], [[multiple lentigines syndrome]], [[Naxos disease]], [[pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta]], [[Refsum disease]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| Familial cutaneous collagenoma, [[Lentiginosis]], [[Dermatomyositis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Drug Side Effect'''
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
| bgcolor="beige" | [[5-fluorouracil]], [[Anthracycline|aclarubicin]], [[actinomycin D]], [[alemtuzumab]], [[Anthracycline|amrubicin]], [[bleomycin]], [[Benzphetamine]], [[capecitabine]], [[certolizumab pegol]], [[Cidofovir]], [[cisplatin]], [[clozapine]], [[cyclophosphamide]], [[Cytarabine]], [[dasatinib]], [[daunorubicin]], [[Dextroamphetamine]], [[disopyramide]], [[Doxorubicin Hydrochloride]], [[epirubicin]], [[fenfluramine]], [[hydralazine]], [[hydroxychloroquine]], [[idarubicin]], [[imatinib]], [[interferon-alpha]],  [[Interferon alfa-2b ]] , [[Ixabepilone]], [[Megestrol]], [[mitoxantrone]], [[paclitaxel]],  [[paracetamol]], [[Pegylated interferon alfa-2b]], [[Anthracyclines|pirarubicin]], [[pixantrone]], [[streptomycin]], [[sunitinib]], [[tacrolimus]], [[Trametinib]],  [[trastuzumab]], [[Tricyclic antidepressant#Overdose|tricyclic anti-depressant abuse]], [[Valdecoxib]], [[valrubicin]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| Aclarubicin, [[Anthracyclines]], [[Bleomycin]], [[Clozapine]], [[Cyclophosphamide]], [[Doxorubicin]], [[Idarubicin]], [[Mitoxantrone]], [[Paracetamol]], Peplomycin, [[Tacrolimus]], [[Tricyclic anti-depressant]] abuse
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| bgcolor="beige" | No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-  
|-  
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Endocrine'''
| '''Endocrine'''
| bgcolor="beige" | [[Acromegaly]], [[amyloidosis]], [[carcinoid syndrome]], [[celiac disease]], [[cushing syndrome]], [[diabetes mellitus]], [[gout]], [[hemochromatosis]], [[hyperparathyroidism]], [[hyperthyroidism]], [[hypothyroidism]], obesity-colitis-hypothyroidism-cardiac hypertrophy developmental delay,<ref name="Tan-2007">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Tan | first1 = TY. | last2 = Amor | first2 = DJ. | title = Obesity, hypothyroidism, craniosynostosis, cardiac hypertrophy, colitis, and developmental delay: a novel syndrome. | journal = Am J Med Genet A | volume = 143 | issue = 2 | pages = 114-8 | month = Jan | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1002/ajmg.a.31548 | PMID = 17163533 }}</ref> [[paraneoplastic syndromes]], [[pheochromocytoma]], [[pituitary tumor]], [[WAGR syndrome]],  [[Whipple's disease]]  
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acromegaly]], [[Cushing's Disease]], [[Diabetes Mellitus]], [[Hyperparathyroidism]], [[Hyperthyroidism]], [[Hypothyroidism]], [[Pheochromocytoma]], [[Pituitary tumor]] (growth hormone secreting), [[Cardiomyopathy - diabetes - deafness]], [[Cardiomyopathy -- hypogonadism -- metabolic anomalies complex]], [[Obesity -- colitis -- hypothyroidism -- cardiac hypertrophy -- developmental delay]], [[Carcinoid syndrome]]
|-  
|-  
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Environmental'''
| '''Environmental'''
| bgcolor="beige" | [[Heatstroke]], [[hypothermia]], [[Electrical injury#Cardiac Injury|lightning strike]], [[radiation]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Heatstroke]], [[Hypothermia]], [[Lightening strike]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Gastroenterologic'''
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
| bgcolor="beige" | [[Hemochromatosis]], obesity-colitis-hypothyroidism-cardiac hypertrophy-developmental delay complex, <ref name="Tan-2007">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Tan | first1 = TY. | last2 = Amor | first2 = DJ. | title = Obesity, hypothyroidism, craniosynostosis, cardiac hypertrophy, colitis, and developmental delay: a novel syndrome. | journal = Am J Med Genet A | volume = 143 | issue = 2 | pages = 114-8 | month = Jan | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1002/ajmg.a.31548 | PMID = 17163533 }}</ref>[[Whipple's disease]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hemochromatosis]], [[Hepatitis]], [[Obesity -- colitis -- hypothyroidism -- cardiac hypertrophy -- developmental delay complex]], [[Whipple's Disease]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Genetic'''
| '''Genetic'''
| bgcolor="beige" | [[Alpers' disease]], [[Aspartylglucosaminuria|Borud syndrome]], [[Brugada syndrome]], [[Carvajal-Huerta syndrome]], [[congenital disorders of glycosylation]], [[congenital generalized lipodystrophy]], [[Costello syndrome]], [[Cytochrome c oxidase|cytochrome C oxidase deficiency]], [[desmin-related myofibrillar myopathy]], [[Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy]], [[familial cardiomyopathy]], [[Friedreich's ataxia]], [[hereditary spherocytosis]],  [[Hurler syndrome]], [[Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome]], [[Cantu syndrome|hypertrichotic osteochondrodysplasia]], [[Keshan disease]], [[Laing distal myopathy]],  [[Congenital muscular dystrophy|LAMA2-related muscular dystrophy]], [[mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency]], [[multiple lentigines syndrome]],  [[muscular dystrophy]], [[Naxos disease]], [[Noonan syndrome]], [[porphyria]], [[prolonged QT syndrome]], [[pseudoxanthoma elasticum]], [[Refsum disease]], [[NADH dehydrogenase|respiratory chain complex I deficiency]], [[Salih myopathy]], [[SGCG|sarcoglycanopathy]], [[Oculofaciocardiodental syndrome|syndromic microphthalmia type 7]], [[WAGR syndrome]], X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy, <ref name="Towbin-1993">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Towbin | first1 = JA. | last2 = Hejtmancik | first2 = JF. | last3 = Brink | first3 = P. | last4 = Gelb | first4 = B. | last5 = Zhu | first5 = XM. | last6 = Chamberlain | first6 = JS. | last7 = McCabe | first7 = ER. | last8 = Swift | first8 = M. | title = X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy. Molecular genetic evidence of linkage to the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (dystrophin) gene at the Xp21 locus. | journal = Circulation | volume = 87 | issue = 6 | pages = 1854-65 | month = Jun | year = 1993 | doi =  | PMID = 8504498 }}</ref>  X-linked fatal infantile cardiomyopathy, <ref name="Gedeon-1995">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Gedeon | first1 = AK. | last2 = Wilson | first2 = MJ. | last3 = Colley | first3 = AC. | last4 = Sillence | first4 = DO. | last5 = Mulley | first5 = JC. | title = X linked fatal infantile cardiomyopathy maps to Xq28 and is possibly allelic to Barth syndrome. | journal = J Med Genet | volume = 32 | issue = 5 | pages = 383-8 | month = May | year = 1995 | doi =  | PMID = 7616547 }}</ref> [[Yunis-Varon syndrome]]  
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alpers Syndrome]], [[Familial cardiomyopathy]], [[Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome]], [[Noonan syndrome]], [[Sarcoglycanopathy]], [[X-linked - fatal infantile Cardiomyopathy]], [[Friedrich's Ataxia]], [[Brugada syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Hematologic'''
| '''Hematologic'''
| bgcolor="beige" | [[Hereditary spherocytosis]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cardiomyopathy -- spherocytosis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Iatrogenic'''
| '''Iatrogenic'''
| bgcolor="beige" | [[Radiation therapy|Cardiac irradiation]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Infectious Disease'''
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| bgcolor="beige" | [[Adenovirus]], [[african trypanosomiasis]], [[arbovirus]], [[ascariasis]], [[aspergillosis]], [[beta-hemolytic streptococci]], [[blastomycosis]], [[brucella]], [[Chagas disease]], [[coccidioidomycosis]], [[coxsackie A virus]], [[Coxsackie B|coxsackie virus B1-B5]], [[cryptococcosis]], [[cysticercosis]], [[cytomegalovirus]], [[diptheria]], [[echovirus]], [[enterococci]], [[Epstein-Barr virus]] ([[EBV]]), [[filariasis]], [[flavivirus]], [[histoplasmosis]], [[HIV]], [[influenza]], [[leishmaniasis]], [[leptospirosis]], [[loeffler endocarditis]], [[Lyme disease]], [[malaria]], [[measles]], [[mumps]], [[pertussis]], [[poliomyelitis]], [[psittacosis]], [[Q fever]], [[rabies]], [[rheumatic fever]], [[rocky mountain spotted fever]], [[Sarcocystis|sarcosporidiosis]], [[schistosomiasis]], [[staphylococcus]], [[syphilis]], [[tetanus]], [[toxoplasmosis]], [[trichinosis]], [[tuberculosis]], [[typhoid fever]], [[varicella-zoster virus]]
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
<u>'''Bacteria'''</u>:
[[Beta-hemolytic streptococci]], [[Borrelia burgdorferi]], [[Brucella]], [[Diptheria]], [[Enterococci]]
, [[Leptospirosis]], [[Lyme Disease]], [[Pertussis]], [[Psittacosis]], [[Q Fever]], [[Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever]], [[Staphylococcus]], [[Syphilis]], [[Tetanus]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Typhoid Fever]], [[Rheumatic Fever]]
 
<u>'''Virus'''</u>:
[[Adenovirus]], [[Arbovirus]], [[Coxsackie virus]] A, [[Coxsackie virus]] B1-B5, [[Cytomegalovirus]] ([[CMV]]), [[ECHO virus]] (EnteroCytopathogenic Human Orphan viruses), [[Epstein-Barr Virus]] ([[EBV]]), [[Flavivirus]], [[HIV]], [[Influenza]], [[Measles]], [[Mumps]],[[Oral candidiasis]], [[Polio]], [[Rabies]], [[Varicella-zoster virus]]
 
<u>'''Fungi'''</u>:
[[Aspergillosis]], [[Blastomycosis]], [[Coccidioidomycosis]], [[Cryptococcosis]], [[Histoplasmosis]]
 
<u>'''Parasites'''</u>:
[[African Sleeping sickness]], [[Amebiasis]], [[Ascariasis]], [[Chagas disease]], [[Cysticercosis]], [[Filariasis]], [[Leishmaniasis]], [[Loeffler endocarditis]], [[Malaria]], [[Sarcosporidiosis]], [[Schistosomiasis]], [[Toxoplasmosis]], [[Trichinosis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
| bgcolor="beige" | [[Arthrogryposis due to muscular dystrophy]], [[Cytochrome c oxidase|cytochrome c oxidase deficiency]], [[dermatomyositis]], [[Duchenne muscular dystrophy]], [[Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy]], [[Histiocytosis|Hand-Schuller-Christian Syndrome]], [[Kearns-Sayre syndrome]], [[mitochondrial myopathy]], [[muscular dystrophy]], [[myotonic dystrophy]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dermatomyositis]], [[Arthrogryposis due to muscular dystrophy]], [[Duchenne muscular dystrophy]], [[Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy]], [[Limb girdle muscular dystrophy]], [[Mitochondrial myopathy]], [[Muscular Dystrophy]], [[Myotonic dystrophy]], [[Recessive type Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia]], [[Kearns-Sayre Syndrome]], [[Cardiomyopathy with myopathy due to COX deficency]], [[Facio-cardio-musculo-skeletal syndrome]], [[Hand-Schuller-Christian Syndrome]]
 
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Neurologic'''
| '''Neurologic'''
| bgcolor="beige" | [[Alpers' disease]], [[D2HGDH|d-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[Friedreich's ataxia]], [[Histiocytosis|Hand-Schuller-Christian Syndrome]], [[Kearns-Sayre syndrome]], [[MELAS syndrome]], [[Whipple's disease]]  
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Friedrich's Ataxia]], [[Kearns-Sayre Syndrome]], [[Whipple's Disease]], [[Alpers Syndrome]], [[Hand-Schuller-Christian Syndrome]], [[MELAS]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
| bgcolor="beige" | [[Barth syndrome|3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[beriberi]], [[Aspartylglucosaminuria|Borud syndrome]], [[carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1a]], [[carnitine deficiency]], [[Coenzyme Q10#Cardiac and Vascular Disease|Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency]], [[coenzyme Q cytochrome c reductase deficiency]], [[congenital disorder of glycosylation]], [[cytochrome C Oxidase deficiency]], [[D2HGDH|d-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[Fabry disease]], [[gangliosidosis]], [[Gaucher's disease]], [[glutaric acidemia type 2]], [[gout]], [[hemochromatosis]], [[Hunter syndrome]], [[Hurler syndrome]], [[isobutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[Keshan disease]], [[kwashiorkor]], [[Long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency|long-chain Acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[malonic aciduria]], [[MELAS syndrome]], [[mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency]], [[mucopolysaccharidoses]], [[Niemann-Pick disease]], [[niacin deficiency]], [[oxalosis]], [[paraneoplastic syndromes]], [[Glycogen storage disease type II|Pompe disease]], [[porphyria]], [[Refsum disease]], [[NADH dehydrogenase|respiratory chain complex I deficiency]],  [[Adenosylhomocysteinase|s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency]], [[scurvy]], [[selenium deficiency]], [[Leigh's disease|subacute necrotising encephalomyelopathy]], [[triosephosphate isomerase deficiency]], [[uremia]], [[vitamin B deficiency]], [[Hypervitaminosis D|vitamin D overdose]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[3-methylglutaconic aciduria]] type 4, [[Beri-Beri]] (thiamine or vitamin B1), [[Carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1a]], [[Carnitine deficiency]], [[Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 deficiency]], [[Carnitine transporter deficiency]], [[Coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ10) deficiency]], [[Coenzyme Q cytochrome c reductase deficiency]], [[Congenital disorder of glycosylation]], [[Cytochrome C Oxidase deficiency]], [[Fabry's Disease]], [[Gangliosidosis]], [[Gaucher's Disease]], [[Glutaric acidemia type 2]], [[Glycogen storage diseases]], [[Gout]], [[Hunter's Syndrome]], [[Hurler's Syndrome]], [[Keshan disease]], [[Kwashiorkor]], [[Malonic aciduria]], [[MELAS]], [[Neimann-Pick Disease]], [[Niacin deficiency]], [[Oxalosis]], [[Porphyria]], [[Refsum's disease]], [[scurvy]], [[Triosephosphate isomerase deficiency]], [[Vitamin B deficiency]], [[Vitamin D]] overdose , [[Hemochromatosis]]  
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
| bgcolor="beige" | [[Peripartum cardiomyopathy]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Peripartum cardiomyopathy]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Oncologic'''
| '''Oncologic'''
| bgcolor="beige" | [[Angioma]], [[myxomas]], [[pituitary tumour]], [[rhabdomyoma]], [[sarcoma]], [[leukemia]], [[WAGR syndrome]], [[carcinoid syndrome]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Angioma]], [[Myxomas]], [[Pituitary tumour]] (growth hormone secreting), [[Rhabdomyoma]], [[Sarcoma]], [[Leukemia]], [[WAGR Syndrome]], [[Carcinoid syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Ophthalmologic'''
| '''Opthalmologic'''
| bgcolor="beige" | [[Histiocytosis|Hand-Schuller-Christian syndrome]], [[Oculofaciocardiodental syndrome|syndromic microphthalmia type 7]], [[myotonic dystrophy]], [[WAGR syndrome]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hand-Schuller-Christian Syndrome]], [[Microphthalmia, syndromic 7]], [[Myotonic dystrophy]], [[WAGR Syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
| bgcolor="beige" | [[Alcohol]], [[Cobalt#Precautions|cobalt poisoning]], [[cocaine abuse]], [[oxalosis]], [[paracetamol]], [[tricyclic antidepressant]],  [[Hypervitaminosis D|vitamin D overdose]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Psychiatric'''
| '''Psychiatric'''
| bgcolor="beige" | [[Takotsubo cardiomyopathy]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Pulmonary'''
| '''Pulmonary'''
| bgcolor="beige" | No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
| bgcolor="beige" | Cardiomyopathy-renal anomalies,<ref name="Leask-2007">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Leask | first1 = KM. | last2 = Kerr | first2 = B. | last3 = Ladusans | first3 = E. | title = Cardiomyopathy with renal anomalies in two siblings: a new recessive syndrome? | journal = Clin Dysmorphol |volume = 16 | issue = 1 | pages = 51-3 | month = Jan | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1097/MCD.0b013e328010caa9 | PMID = 17159516 }}</ref> [[hypocalcemia]], [[hypokalemia]], [[hypomagnesemia]], [[uremia]], [[WAGR syndrome]], [[MELAS syndrome]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Electrolyte imbalance]], [[Hypocalcemia]], [[Hypokalemia]], [[Hypomagnesemia]], [[Uremia]], [[WAGR Syndrome]], [[MELAS]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
| bgcolor="beige" | [[Gout]], [[Kawasaki disease]], [[polyarteritis nodosa]], [[rheumatoid arthritis]], [[systemic sclerosis]], [[scleroderma]], [[systemic lupus erythematosus]]  
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Polyarteritis nodosa]], [[Rheumatoid Arthritis]], [[Sarcoidosis]], [[Scleroderma]], [[Systemic Lupus Erythematosus]], [[Kawasaki's Disease]], [[Gout]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Sexual'''
| '''Sexual'''
| bgcolor="beige" | No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Trauma'''
| '''Trauma'''
| bgcolor="beige" | No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Trauma]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Urologic'''
| '''Urologic'''
| bgcolor="beige" | No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Dental'''
| '''Dental'''
| bgcolor="beige" | No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cocaine]] abuse, [[Alcoholism]], [[Amyloidosis]], [[Electric shock]], [[Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy]], [[Immunoglobulinic amyloidosis]], [[Irradiation]], [[Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency]], [[Obesity]], [[physically and physiologically stress induced (tako-tsubo syndrome or "broken heart syndrome")]], [[Toxic mushrooms -- cyclopeptides]]
|-
|-
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Miscellaneous'''
| bgcolor="beige" | [[Envenomation|Black widow spider bite]], [[Transplant rejection|cardiac transplant rejection]], [[idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy]],  [[mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency]], [[obesity]], [[obstructive sleep apnea]], [[takotsubo cardiomyopathy|stress-induced cardiomyopathy]]
|}
|}


===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{MultiCol}}
{{col-begin|width=80%}}
* [[3-methylglutaconic  aciduria]], type 4
{{col-break|width=33%}}
 
*[[1p36 deletion syndrome]]
* Aclarubicin
*[[3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency]]
 
*[[5-fluorouracil]]
* [[Acromegaly]]
*[[Anthracycline|Aclarubicin]]
 
*[[Acromegaly]]
* [[Adenovirus]]
*[[Actinomycin D]]
 
*[[Adenovirus]]
* [[African Sleeping sickness]]
*[[African trypanosomiasis]]
 
*[[Alcohol]]
* [[Alcoholism]]
*[[Alemtuzumab]]
 
*[[Allylamine]]
* [[Alpers Syndrome]]
*[[Alpers' disease]]
 
*[[Alström syndrome]]
* [[Amebiasis]]
*[[Anthracycline|Amrubicin]]
 
*[[Amyloidosis]]
* [[Amyloidosis]]
*[[Arboviruses]]
 
*[[Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy]]
* [[Angioma]]
*[[Arsenic]]
 
*[[Idiopathic Infantile Arterial Calcification|Arterial calcification of infancy]]
* [[Anthracyclines]]
*[[Stickler syndrome|Arthritis-short stature-deafness syndrome]]
 
*[[Arthrogryposis due to muscular dystrophy]]
* [[Arboviruses]]
*[[Asbestosis]]
 
*[[Ascariasis]]
* [[Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia]]
*[[Aspergillosis]]
 
*[[Progressive external ophthalmoplegia|Autosomal recessive progressive external ophthalmoplegia]]
* [[Arsenic]]
*[[Beriberi]]
 
*[[Beta-hemolytic streptococci]]
* Arterial calcification of infancy
*[[Envenomation|Black widow spiders bite]]
 
*[[Blastomycosis]]
* [[Arthrogryposis due to muscular dystrophy]]
*[[Bleomycin]]
 
*[[Lyme disease|Borrelia burgdorferi]]
* [[Ascariasis]]
*[[Aspartylglucosaminuria|Borud syndrome]]
 
*[[Brucella]]
* [[Aspergillosis]]
*[[Brugada syndrome]]
 
*[[Carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1a]]
* [[Beri-Beri]] (thiamine or vitamin B1)
*[[Carbon monoxide toxicity]]
 
*[[Carcinoid syndrome]]
* [[Beta-hemolytic streptococci]]
*[[Radiation therapy|Cardiac irradiation]]
 
*[[Transplant rejection|cardiac transplant rejection]]
* [[Blastomycosis]]
*[[Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome]]
 
*Cardiomyopathy-renal anomalies<ref name="Leask-2007">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Leask | first1 = KM. | last2 = Kerr | first2 = B. | last3 = Ladusans | first3 = E. | title = Cardiomyopathy with renal anomalies in two siblings: a new recessive syndrome? | journal = Clin Dysmorphol |volume = 16 | issue = 1 | pages = 51-3 | month = Jan | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1097/MCD.0b013e328010caa9 | PMID = 17159516 }}</ref>
* [[Bleomycin]]
*[[Carnitine deficiency]]
 
*[[Carvajal-Huerta syndrome]]
* [[Borrelia burgdorferi]]
*[[Celiac disease]]
 
*[[Certolizumab pegol]]
* [[Brucella]]
*[[Chagas disease]]
 
*[[Chorea acanthocytosis]]
* [[Brugada syndrome]]
*[[Chronic tachycardia]]
 
*[[Cidofovir]]
* [[Carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1a]]
*[[Cisplatin]]
* Carcinoid heart disease
*[[Clozapine]]
* [[Carcinoid syndrome]]
*[[Cobalt#Precautions|Cobalt poisoning]]
 
*[[Cocaine abuse]]
* Cardiac transplant rejection
*[[Coccidioidomycosis]]
 
*[[Coenzyme Q cytochrome c reductase deficiency]]
* Cardiomyopathy - diabetes - deafness complex
*[[Coenzyme Q10#Cardiac and Vascular Disease|Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency]]
 
*[[Congenital disorders of glycosylation]]
* Cardiomyopathy -- hypogonadism -- metabolic anomalies complex
*[[Congenital generalized lipodystrophy]]
 
*[[Coronary artery disease]]
* Cardiomyopathy -- renal anomalies
*[[Costello syndrome]]
 
*[[Coxsackie A virus]]
* Cardiomyopathy -- spherocytosis
*[[Coxsackie B|Coxsackieviruses B1 and B5]]
 
*[[Cryptococcosis]]
* Cardiomyopathy with myopathy due to COX deficency
*[[Cushing syndrome]]
 
*[[Cyclophosphamide]]
* [[Carnitine deficiency]]
*[[Cysticercosis]]
 
*[[Cytarabine]]
* [[Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2  deficiency]]
*[[Cytochrome c oxidase deficiency]]
 
*[[Cytomegalovirus]]
* [[Carnitine transporter deficiency]]
*[[D2HGDH|d-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency]]
 
*[[Dasatinib]]
* [[Chagas disease]]
*[[Daunorubicin]]
 
*[[Dermatomyositis]]
* [[Chronic tachycardia]]
*[[Desmin-related myofibrillar myopathy]]
 
*[[Diabetes mellitus]]
* [[Clozapine]]
*[[Diptheria]]
 
*[[Disopyramide]]
* [[Cobalt]]
*[[Doxorubicin Hydrochloride]]
 
*[[Echovirus]]
* [[Cocaine]] abuse
{{col-break|width=33%}}
 
*[[Electrical injury]]
* [[Coccidioidomycosis]]
*[[Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy]]
 
*[[End-stage renal disease]]
* [[Coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ10)  deficiency]]
*[[Endocardial fibroelastosis]]
 
*[[Endomyocardial fibrosis]]
* [[Coenzyme Q cytochrome c reductase  deficiency]]
*[[Herbicide|Endothall poisoning]]
 
*[[Enterococci]]
* [[Congenital disorder of glycosylation]]
*[[Epirubicin]]
 
*[[Epstein-Barr virus]]
* [[Congenital heart defect]]
*[[Fabry disease]]
*[[Familial cardiomyopathy]]
*Familial cutaneous collagenoma<ref name="Dawn-">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Dawn | first1 = ME. | last2 = Deng | first2 = AC. | last3 = Petrali | first3 = J. | last4 = Wessely | first4 = C. | last5 = Jaffe | first5 = D. | last6 = Gaspari | first6 = AA. | title = Familial cutaneous collagenoma. | journal = Skinmed | volume = 7 | issue = 1 | pages = 43-5 | month =  | year =  | doi =  | PMID = 18174804 }}</ref>
*[[Cardiomyopathy|Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Fenfluramine]]
*[[Filariasis]]
*[[Flavivirus]]
*[[Friedreich's ataxia]]
*[[Gangliosidosis]]
*[[Gaucher's disease]]
*[[Giant cell myocarditis]]
*[[Glutaric acidemia type 2]]
*[[Glycogen storage diseases]]
*[[Gout]]
*[[Histiocytosis|Hand-Schuller-Christian syndrome]]
*[[Heatstroke]]
*[[Hemochromatosis]]
*[[Hereditary spherocytosis]]
*[[Histoplasmosis]]
*[[HIV infection]]
*[[Hunter syndrome]]
*[[Hurler syndrome]]
*[[Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome]]
*[[Hydralazine]]
*[[Hypereosinophilic syndrome]]
*[[Hyperparathyroidism]]
*[[Hypertension]]
*[[Hyperthyroidism]]
*[[Cantu syndrome|Hypertrichotic osteochondrodysplasia]]
*[[Hypocalcemia]]
*[[Hypokalemia]]
*[[Hypomagnesemia]]
*[[Hypothermia]]
*[[Hypothyroidism]]
*[[Idarubicin]]
*[[Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Imatinib]]
*[[Ixabepilone]]
*[[myocarditis]]
*[[Influenza]]
*[[Interferon-alpha]]
*[[Isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]
*[[Kawasaki disease]]
*[[Kearns-Sayre syndrome]]
*[[Keshan disease]]
*[[Kwashiorkor]]
*[[Laing distal myopathy]]
*[[Congenital muscular dystrophy|LAMA2-related muscular dystrophy]]
*[[Lead]]
*[[Left ventricular noncompaction]]
*[[Leishmaniasis]]
*[[Leptospirosis]]
*[[Leukemia]]
*[[Loa loa filariasis|Loa loa]]
*[[Loeffler endocarditis]]
*[[Lyme disease]]
*[[Long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency|Long-chain Acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]
*[[Malaria]]
*[[Malonic aciduria]]
*[[McLeod syndrome]]
*[[Measles]]
*[[MELAS syndrome]]
*[[Metastatic cancer]]
*[[Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency]]
*[[Mitoxantrone]]
*[[Mucopolysaccharidoses]]
*[[Multiple lentigines syndrome]]
*[[Mumps]]
*[[Muscular dystrophy]]
*[[Myocarditis]]
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Myxomas]]
*[[Naxos disease]]
*[[Niacin deficiency]]
*[[Niemann-Pick disease]]
*[[Noonan syndrome]]
*Obesity--colitis--hypothyroidism-cardiac hypertrophy--developmental delay<ref name="Tan-2007">{{Cite journal | last1 = Tan | first1 = TY. | last2 = Amor | first2 = DJ. | title = Obesity, hypothyroidism, craniosynostosis, cardiac hypertrophy, colitis, and developmental delay: a novel syndrome. | journal = Am J Med Genet A | volume = 143 | issue = 2 | pages = 114-8 | month = Jan | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1002/ajmg.a.31548 | PMID = 17163533 }}</ref>
*[[Obstructive sleep apnea]]
*[[Oxalosis]]
*[[Paclitaxel]]
*[[Paracetamol]]
*[[Paraneoplastic syndromes]]
*[[Bleomycin|Peplomycin]]
*[[Peripartum cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Pertussis]]
*[[Pheochromocytoma]]
*[[Anthracyclines|Pirarubicin]]
*[[Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta]]
*[[Pixantrone]]
*[[Poliomyelitis]]
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]]
*[[Polycythemia vera]]
*[[Glycogen storage disease type II|Pompe disease]]
*[[Porphyria]]
*[[Prolonged QT syndrome]]
*[[Pseudoxanthoma elasticum]]
*[[Psittacosis]]
*[[Q fever]]
*[[Rabies]]
*[[Radiation]]
*[[Refsum disease]]
*[[NADH dehydrogenase|Respiratory chain complex I deficiency]]
*[[Rhabdomyoma]]
*[[Rheumatic fever]]
*[[Rheumatoid arthritis]]
*[[Rocky mountain spotted fever]]
*[[Adenosylhomocysteinase|S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency]]
*[[Salih myopathy]]
*[[SGCG|Sarcoglycanopathy]]
*[[Sarcoidosis]]
*[[Sarcomas]]
*[[Sarcocystis|Sarcosporidiosis]]
*[[Schistosomiasis]]
*[[Scurvy]]
*[[Selenium deficiency]]
*[[Sickle cell anemia]]
*[[Staphylococcus]]
*[[Streptomycin]]
*[[Takotsubo cardiomyopathy|Stress-induced cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Leigh's disease|Subacute necrotising encephalomyelopathy]]
*[[Sunitinib]]
*[[Oculofaciocardiodental syndrome|Syndromic microphthalmia type 7]]
*[[Syphilis]]
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]
*[[Systemic sclerosis]]
*[[Tacrolimus]]
*[[Tetanus]]
*[[Thallium]]
*[[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]]
*[[Toxic mushrooms]]
*[[Toxoplasmosis]]
*[[Trastuzumab]]
*[[Trichinosis]]
*[[Tricyclic anti-depressant#Overdose|Tricyclic anti-depressant overdose]]
*[[Triosephosphate isomerase deficiency]]
*[[Tuberculosis]]
*[[Typhoid fever]]
*[[Uremia]]
*[[Valrubicin]]
*[[Varicella-zoster virus]]
*[[Hypervitaminosis D|Vitamin D overdose]]
*[[WAGR syndrome]]
*[[Whipple's disease]]
*[[Wolfram syndrome]]
*X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy<ref name="Towbin-1993">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Towbin | first1 = JA. | last2 = Hejtmancik | first2 = JF. | last3 = Brink | first3 = P. | last4 = Gelb | first4 = B. | last5 = Zhu | first5 = XM. | last6 = Chamberlain | first6 = JS. | last7 = McCabe | first7 = ER. | last8 = Swift | first8 = M. | title = X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy. Molecular genetic evidence of linkage to the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (dystrophin) gene at the Xp21 locus. | journal = Circulation | volume = 87 | issue = 6 | pages = 1854-65 | month = Jun | year = 1993 | doi =  | PMID = 8504498 }}</ref>
*X-linked fatal infantile cardiomyopathy<ref name="Gedeon-1995">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Gedeon | first1 = AK. | last2 = Wilson | first2 = MJ. | last3 = Colley | first3 = AC. | last4 = Sillence | first4 = DO. | last5 = Mulley | first5 = JC. | title = X linked fatal infantile cardiomyopathy maps to Xq28 and is possibly allelic to Barth syndrome. | journal = J Med Genet | volume = 32 | issue = 5 | pages = 383-8 | month = May | year = 1995 | doi =  | PMID = 7616547 }}</ref>
*[[Yunis-Varon syndrome]]
{{col-end}}


* [[Coronary artery disease]]
===Cardiomyopathies and Genetics===
 
Genetic causes of cardiomyopathies.<ref name="pmid11805847">{{cite journal | author = Towbin JA, Bowles NE | title = The failing heart | journal = [[Nature]] | volume = 415 | issue = 6868 | pages = 227–33 | year = 2002 | month = January | pmid = 11805847 | doi = 10.1038/415227a | url = http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/415227a | issn = }}</ref>
* [[Coxsackie virus]] A
 
* [[Coxsackie virus]] B1-B5
 
* [[Cryptococcosis]]
 
* [[Cushing's Disease]]
 
* [[Cyclophosphamide]]
 
* [[Cysticercosis]]
 
* [[Cytochrome C Oxidase deficiency]]
 
* [[Cytomegalovirus]] ([[CMV]])
 
* [[Dermatomyositis]]
 
* [[Diabetes Mellitus]]
 
* [[Diptheria]]
 
* [[Doxorubicin]]
 
* [[Duchenne muscular dystrophy]]
 
* [[ECHO virus]] (EnteroCytopathogenic  Human Orphan viruses)
 
* [[Electric shock]]
 
* [[Electrolyte imbalance]]
 
* [[Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy]]
 
* [[Endomyocardial fibrosis]]
 
* Endothall
 
* [[Enterococci]]
 
* [[Eosinophilic endomyocardial disease]]
 
* [[Epstein-Barr Virus]] ([[EBV]])
 
* [[Ethanol]]
 
* [[Fabry's Disease]]
 
* Facio-cardio-musculo-skeletal syndrome
 
* [[Familial cardiomyopathy]]
 
* Familial cutaneous collagenoma
 
* [[Filariasis]]
 
* [[Flavivirus]]
 
* [[Friedrich's Ataxia]]
 
* [[Gangliosidosis]]
 
* [[Gaucher's Disease]]
 
* [[Giant Cell Myocarditis]]
 
* [[Glutaric acidemia type 2]]
 
* [[Glycogen storage diseases]]
 
* [[Gout]]
 
* [[Hand-Schuller-Christian Syndrome]]
 
* [[Heatstroke]]
 
* [[Hemochromatosis]]
 
* [[Hepatitis]]
 
* [[Histoplasmosis]]
 
* [[HIV]]
 
* [[Hunter's Syndrome]]
 
* [[Hurler's Syndrome]]
 
* [[Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria syndrome]]
 
* [[Hyperparathyroidism]]
 
* [[Hyperthyroidism]]
 
* [[Hypocalcemia]]
{{ColBreak}}
* [[Hypokalemia]]
* [[Hypomagnesemia]]
 
* [[Hypothermia]]
 
* [[Hypothyroidism]]
 
* [[Idarubicin]]
 
* [[Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy]]
 
* [[Immunoglobulinic amyloidosis]]
 
* Inflammatory myocarditis
 
* [[Influenza]]
 
* [[Irradiation]]
 
* [[Kawasaki's Disease]]
 
* [[Kearns-Sayre Syndrome]]
 
* [[Keshan disease]]
 
* [[Kwashiorkor]]
 
* [[Lead]]
 
* [[Leishmaniasis]]
 
* [[Lentiginosis]]
 
* [[Leptospirosis]]
 
* [[Leukemia]]
 
* Lightening strike
 
* [[Limb girdle muscular dystrophy]]
 
* [[Loeffler endocarditis]]
 
* [[Lyme Disease]]
 
* [[Malaria]]
 
* [[Malonic aciduria]]
 
* [[Measles]]
 
* [[MELAS]]
 
* Microphthalmia, syndromic 7
 
* [[Mitochondrial myopathy]]
 
* [[Mitochondrial trifunctional protein  deficiency]]
 
* [[Mitoxantrone]]
 
* [[Mumps]]
 
* [[Muscular Dystrophy]]
 
* [[Myocarditis]]
 
* [[Myotonic dystrophy]]
 
* [[Myxomas]]
 
* [[Neimann-Pick Disease]]
 
* [[Niacin deficiency]]
 
* [[Noonan syndrome]]
 
* [[Obesity]]
 
* Obesity -- colitis -- hypothyroidism --  cardiac hypertrophy -- developmental delay
 
* [[Oral candidiasis]]
 
* [[Oxalosis]]
 
* [[Paracetamol]]
 
* Peplomycin
 
* [[Peripartum cardiomyopathy]]
 
* [[Pertussis]]
 
* [[Pheochromocytoma]]
 
* [[Physically and physiologically stress  induced (tako-tsubo syndrome or "broken heart syndrome")]]
 
* [[Pituitary tumour]] (growth hormone  secreting)
 
* [[Polio]]
 
* [[Polyarteritis nodosa]]
 
* [[Polycythemic Vera]]
 
* [[Poorly controlled hypertension]]
 
* [[Porphyria]]
 
* [[Prolonged QT syndrome]]
 
* [[Psittacosis]]
 
* [[Q Fever]]
 
* [[Rabies]]
 
* Recessive type Metaphyseal  chondrodysplasia
 
* [[Refsum's disease]]
 
* [[Rhabdomyoma]]
 
* [[Rheumatic Fever]]
 
* [[Rheumatoid Arthritis]]
 
* [[Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever]]
 
* Sarcosporidiosis
 
* Sarcoglycanopathy
 
* [[Sarcoidosis]]
 
* [[Sarcomas]]
 
* [[Schistosomiasis]]
 
* [[Scleroderma]]
 
* [[Scurvy]]
 
* [[Sickle Cell Anemia]]
 
* [[Staphylococcus]]
 
* [[Syphilis]]
 
* [[Systemic Lupus Erythematosus]]
 
* [[Tacrolimus]]
 
* [[Tetanus]]
 
* [[Thallium]]
 
* [[Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura]]
 
* Toxic mushrooms -- cyclopeptides
 
* [[Toxoplasmosis]]
 
* [[Trauma]]
 
* [[Trichinosis]]
 
* [[Tricyclic anti-depressant]] abuse
 
* [[Triosephosphate isomerase deficiency]]
 
* [[Tuberculosis]]
 
* [[Typhoid Fever]]
 
* [[Uremia]]
 
* [[Varicella-zoster virus]]
 
* [[Vitamin B deficiency]]
 
* [[Vitamin D]] overdose
 
* [[WAGR Syndrome]]
 
* [[Whipple's Disease]]
 
* X-linked - fatal infantile  Cardiomyopathy
{{EndMultiCol}}
 
=== Genetic Causes of Cardiomyopathy===


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; border;1px"  
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; border;1px"  
Line 562: Line 378:
|  ||  || 2q35 || [[desmin]] || Desmin || Desmin myopathy  
|  ||  || 2q35 || [[desmin]] || Desmin || Desmin myopathy  
|-
|-
|  ||  || 5q33 || [[sarcoglycan| δ-sarcoglycan]]  || δ-sarcoglycan || [[Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy| Limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2F ]]
|  ||  || 5q33 || [[sarcoglycan| δ-sarcoglycan]]  || δ-sarcoglycan || [[Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy| Limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2F]]
|-
|-
|  ||  || 1q32 || [[Troponin T]]  || [[Troponin T]] ||  
|  ||  || 1q32 || [[Troponin T]]  || [[Troponin T]] ||  
Line 590: Line 406:
|  ||  || 3p21 || myosin regulatory light chain|| myosin regulatory light chain ||
|  ||  || 3p21 || myosin regulatory light chain|| myosin regulatory light chain ||
|-
|-
|  ||  || 2p31 || titin || Titin ||
|  ||  || 2p31 || Titin || Titin ||
|-
|-
| [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]] with [[Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome]] ||  || 7q3 || AMPK || AMPK ||
| [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]] with [[Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]] ||  || 7q3 || AMPK || AMPK ||
|-
|-
| ||  || MIDINA || Mitochondrial respiratory chain || Mitochondrial respiratory chain || Mitochondrial myopathy
| ||  || MIDINA || Mitochondrial respiratory chain || Mitochondrial respiratory chain || Mitochondrial myopathy
Line 601: Line 417:
|-
|-
|}
|}
Table from article *{{cite web | title=The Failing Heart| work=Nature | url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v415/n6868/full/415227a.html}} June 15, 2007


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}


[[Category:Needs overview]]
[[Category:Crowdiagnosis]]
[[Category:Best pages]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Genetic Disease]]
[[Category:Genetic Disease]]
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[[Category:Up-To-Date cardiology]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date cardiology]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
{{WH}}
{{WS}}

Latest revision as of 03:34, 27 October 2023

Cardiomyopathy Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Edzel Lorraine Co, DMD, MD[2]

Overview

There are numerous causes of cardiomyopathies depending on the type in question. Some of the causes include: genetic (e.g. hereditary spherocytosis, familial cardiomyopathy, Friedreich's ataxia); metabolic (e.g. beriberi, Gaucher's disease, uremia); and infectious (e.g. adenovirus, african trypanosomiasis, arbovirus, ascariasis). Cardiomyopathies usually have an insidious onset but life-threatening causes including acute coronary syndrome, electrolyte imbalance, and cocaine abuse which must be identified and managed accordingly. Other common causes include alcoholism, diabetes mellitus, and hypothyroidism.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.[1]

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, arterial calcification of infancy, Brugada syndrome, cardiac transplant rejection, cardiomyopathy-renal anomalies,[2] chronic tachycardia, coronary artery disease, cytochrome C oxidase deficiency, endomyocardial fibrosis, eosinophilic endomyocardial disease, giant cell myocarditis, hypertension, Keshan disease , left ventricular noncompaction, Loeffler endocarditis, myocarditis, Naxos disease, obesity-colitis-hypothyroidism-cardiac hypertrophy-developmental delay,[3] prolonged QT syndrome, X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy,[4] X-linked fatal infantile cardiomyopathy[5]
Chemical / poisoning Arsenic, cobalt, endothall, ethanol, lead, thallium, allylamine, carbon monoxide, toxic mushrooms
Dermatologic Familial cutaneous collagenoma,[6] lentiginosis, dermatomyositis, Carvajal-Huerta syndrome, Hand-Schuller-Christian syndrome, McLeod syndrome, multiple lentigines syndrome, Naxos disease, pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta, Refsum disease
Drug Side Effect 5-fluorouracil, aclarubicin, actinomycin D, alemtuzumab, amrubicin, bleomycin, Benzphetamine, capecitabine, certolizumab pegol, Cidofovir, cisplatin, clozapine, cyclophosphamide, Cytarabine, dasatinib, daunorubicin, Dextroamphetamine, disopyramide, Doxorubicin Hydrochloride, epirubicin, fenfluramine, hydralazine, hydroxychloroquine, idarubicin, imatinib, interferon-alpha, Interferon alfa-2b , Ixabepilone, Megestrol, mitoxantrone, paclitaxel, paracetamol, Pegylated interferon alfa-2b, pirarubicin, pixantrone, streptomycin, sunitinib, tacrolimus, Trametinib, trastuzumab, tricyclic anti-depressant abuse, Valdecoxib, valrubicin
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Acromegaly, amyloidosis, carcinoid syndrome, celiac disease, cushing syndrome, diabetes mellitus, gout, hemochromatosis, hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, obesity-colitis-hypothyroidism-cardiac hypertrophy developmental delay,[3] paraneoplastic syndromes, pheochromocytoma, pituitary tumor, WAGR syndrome, Whipple's disease
Environmental Heatstroke, hypothermia, lightning strike, radiation
Gastroenterologic Hemochromatosis, obesity-colitis-hypothyroidism-cardiac hypertrophy-developmental delay complex, [3]Whipple's disease
Genetic Alpers' disease, Borud syndrome, Brugada syndrome, Carvajal-Huerta syndrome, congenital disorders of glycosylation, congenital generalized lipodystrophy, Costello syndrome, cytochrome C oxidase deficiency, desmin-related myofibrillar myopathy, Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, familial cardiomyopathy, Friedreich's ataxia, hereditary spherocytosis, Hurler syndrome, Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, hypertrichotic osteochondrodysplasia, Keshan disease, Laing distal myopathy, LAMA2-related muscular dystrophy, mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency, multiple lentigines syndrome, muscular dystrophy, Naxos disease, Noonan syndrome, porphyria, prolonged QT syndrome, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, Refsum disease, respiratory chain complex I deficiency, Salih myopathy, sarcoglycanopathy, syndromic microphthalmia type 7, WAGR syndrome, X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy, [4] X-linked fatal infantile cardiomyopathy, [5] Yunis-Varon syndrome
Hematologic Hereditary spherocytosis
Iatrogenic Cardiac irradiation
Infectious Disease Adenovirus, african trypanosomiasis, arbovirus, ascariasis, aspergillosis, beta-hemolytic streptococci, blastomycosis, brucella, Chagas disease, coccidioidomycosis, coxsackie A virus, coxsackie virus B1-B5, cryptococcosis, cysticercosis, cytomegalovirus, diptheria, echovirus, enterococci, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), filariasis, flavivirus, histoplasmosis, HIV, influenza, leishmaniasis, leptospirosis, loeffler endocarditis, Lyme disease, malaria, measles, mumps, pertussis, poliomyelitis, psittacosis, Q fever, rabies, rheumatic fever, rocky mountain spotted fever, sarcosporidiosis, schistosomiasis, staphylococcus, syphilis, tetanus, toxoplasmosis, trichinosis, tuberculosis, typhoid fever, varicella-zoster virus
Musculoskeletal / Ortho Arthrogryposis due to muscular dystrophy, cytochrome c oxidase deficiency, dermatomyositis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, Hand-Schuller-Christian Syndrome, Kearns-Sayre syndrome, mitochondrial myopathy, muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy
Neurologic Alpers' disease, d-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency, Friedreich's ataxia, Hand-Schuller-Christian Syndrome, Kearns-Sayre syndrome, MELAS syndrome, Whipple's disease
Nutritional / Metabolic 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, beriberi, Borud syndrome, carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1a, carnitine deficiency, Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency, coenzyme Q cytochrome c reductase deficiency, congenital disorder of glycosylation, cytochrome C Oxidase deficiency, d-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency, Fabry disease, gangliosidosis, Gaucher's disease, glutaric acidemia type 2, gout, hemochromatosis, Hunter syndrome, Hurler syndrome, isobutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency, Keshan disease, kwashiorkor, long-chain Acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, malonic aciduria, MELAS syndrome, mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency, mucopolysaccharidoses, Niemann-Pick disease, niacin deficiency, oxalosis, paraneoplastic syndromes, Pompe disease, porphyria, Refsum disease, respiratory chain complex I deficiency, s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency, scurvy, selenium deficiency, subacute necrotising encephalomyelopathy, triosephosphate isomerase deficiency, uremia, vitamin B deficiency, vitamin D overdose
Obstetric/Gynecologic Peripartum cardiomyopathy
Oncologic Angioma, myxomas, pituitary tumour, rhabdomyoma, sarcoma, leukemia, WAGR syndrome, carcinoid syndrome
Ophthalmologic Hand-Schuller-Christian syndrome, syndromic microphthalmia type 7, myotonic dystrophy, WAGR syndrome
Overdose / Toxicity Alcohol, cobalt poisoning, cocaine abuse, oxalosis, paracetamol, tricyclic antidepressant, vitamin D overdose
Psychiatric Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte Cardiomyopathy-renal anomalies,[2] hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, uremia, WAGR syndrome, MELAS syndrome
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Gout, Kawasaki disease, polyarteritis nodosa, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Black widow spider bite, cardiac transplant rejection, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency, obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, stress-induced cardiomyopathy

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Cardiomyopathies and Genetics

Genetic causes of cardiomyopathies.[7]

Phenotype Inheritance Pattern Chromosomal Locus Gene Protein Skeletal Myopathy
Dilated cardiomyopathy X-linked Xp21 dystrophin Dystrophin Duchenne / Becker muscular dystrophy
X-linked Xq28 G4.5 Tafazzin Barth syndrome
Autosomal dominant 15q14 actin Actin Nemaline myopathy
2q35 desmin Desmin Desmin myopathy
5q33 δ-sarcoglycan δ-sarcoglycan Limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2F
1q32 Troponin T Troponin T
14q11 β-myosin heavy chain β-myosin heavy chain
15q2 α-tropomyosin α-tropomyosin Nemaline myopathy
Midna Mitochondrial respiratory chain Mitochondrial respiratory chain Mitochondrial myopathy
Dilated cardiomyopathy with conduction disease Autosomal dominant 1q21 lamin A/C Lamin A/C Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Autosomal dominant 14q11 β-myosin heavy chain β-myosin heavy chain
14q11 β-myosin heavy chain β-myosin heavy chain
1q32 Troponin T Troponin T
12q23 Troponin T Troponin T
15q2 α-tropomyosin α-tropomyosin Nemaline myopathy
11q11 myosin-binding protein C myosin-binding protein C
3p21 myosin essential light chain myosin essential light chain
3p21 myosin regulatory light chain myosin regulatory light chain
2p31 Titin Titin
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome 7q3 AMPK AMPK
MIDINA Mitochondrial respiratory chain Mitochondrial respiratory chain Mitochondrial myopathy
Left ventricular noncompaction X-linked Xq28 G4.5 Tafazzin Barth syndrome
Autosomal dominant 18q12 α-dystrobrevin α-dystrobrevin Muscular dystrophy

References

  1. ↑ Sisakian H (June 2014). "Cardiomyopathies: Evolution of pathogenesis concepts and potential for new therapies". World J Cardiol. 6 (6): 478–94. doi:10.4330/wjc.v6.i6.478. PMID 24976920.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Leask, KM.; Kerr, B.; Ladusans, E. (2007). "Cardiomyopathy with renal anomalies in two siblings: a new recessive syndrome?". Clin Dysmorphol. 16 (1): 51–3. doi:10.1097/MCD.0b013e328010caa9. PMID 17159516. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Tan, TY.; Amor, DJ. (2007). "Obesity, hypothyroidism, craniosynostosis, cardiac hypertrophy, colitis, and developmental delay: a novel syndrome". Am J Med Genet A. 143 (2): 114–8. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.31548. PMID 17163533. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Towbin, JA.; Hejtmancik, JF.; Brink, P.; Gelb, B.; Zhu, XM.; Chamberlain, JS.; McCabe, ER.; Swift, M. (1993). "X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy. Molecular genetic evidence of linkage to the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (dystrophin) gene at the Xp21 locus". Circulation. 87 (6): 1854–65. PMID 8504498. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Gedeon, AK.; Wilson, MJ.; Colley, AC.; Sillence, DO.; Mulley, JC. (1995). "X linked fatal infantile cardiomyopathy maps to Xq28 and is possibly allelic to Barth syndrome". J Med Genet. 32 (5): 383–8. PMID 7616547. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Dawn, ME.; Deng, AC.; Petrali, J.; Wessely, C.; Jaffe, D.; Gaspari, AA. "Familial cutaneous collagenoma". Skinmed. 7 (1): 43–5. PMID 18174804.
  7. ↑ Towbin JA, Bowles NE (2002). "The failing heart". Nature. 415 (6868): 227–33. doi:10.1038/415227a. PMID 11805847. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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