Peripheral arterial disease causes: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 18:30, 6 October 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Rim Halaby

Overview

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is most commonly a manifestation of atherosclerosis resulting from vascular inflammation. Other uncommon causes should be suspected when the PAD occurs at a young age and in the context of a positive history. Uncommon causes include degenerative diseases (Marfan's syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome), dysplastic disorders (fibromuscular dysplasia), inflammatory diseases (arteritis) and hypercoagulable states.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Arterial dissection, arteriomegaly, arteritis, atheroembolism, atherosclerosis, Buergers disease, cystic adventitial disease, Erdheim cystic medial necrosis, fibromuscular dysplasia, hypertension, Leriche's syndrome, multifocal fibrosclerosis, Sneddon syndrome, Takayasu's arteritis, temporal arteritis, thromboangiitis obliterans, thromboembolism, thrombosed aneurysm, vasculitis
Chemical / poisoning	Ergot use
Dermatologic	Sneddon syndrome, vasculitis
Drug Side Effect	Ergot use
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Diabetes
Environmental	Smoking
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	Deafness peripheral neuropathy and arterial disease, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, Marfan's syndrome, neurofibromatosis, pseudoxanthoma elasticum
Hematologic	Hypercoagulable state, thrombophilia, thrombosis
Iatrogenic	Radiation arteritis, radiation fibrosis, surgery, thrombosis
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	Neurofibromatosis, Sneddon syndrome
Nutritional / Metabolic	Hyperlipidemia, homocysteinemia, lipoproteinemia
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Cancer, tumor
Opthalmologic	Sneddon syndrome
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Buergers disease, retroperitoneal fibrosis, Sneddon syndrome, thromboangiitis obliterans, vasculitis
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Iliac endofibrosis (athletic injury), limb trauma, popliteal artery entrapment syndrome
Urologic	Retroperitoneal fibrosis
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Obesity

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

↑ Okello S, Millard A, Owori R, Asiimwe SB, Siedner MJ, Rwebembera J; et al. (2014). "Prevalence of lower extremity peripheral artery disease among adult diabetes patients in southwestern Uganda". BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 14: 75. doi:10.1186/1471-2261-14-75. PMC 4057935. PMID 24913468.

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[pmid24913468-1] Okello S, Millard A, Owori R, Asiimwe SB, Siedner MJ, Rwebembera J; et al. (2014). "Prevalence of lower extremity peripheral artery disease among adult diabetes patients in southwestern Uganda". BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 14: 75. doi:10.1186/1471-2261-14-75. PMC 4057935. PMID 24913468.

[1]

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 ==Overview==
-[[Peripheral arterial disease]] (PAD) is most commonly a manifestation of [[atherosclerosis]] resulting from vascular inflammation. Other uncommon causes should be suspected when the PAD occurs occurs at a young age and in the context of a positive history. Uncommon causes include degenerative diseases ([[marfan's syndrome]] and [[ehlers-danlos syndrome]]), dysplastic disorders ([[fibromuscular dysplasia]]), inflammatory diseases (arteritis) and hypercoagulable states.
+[[Peripheral arterial disease]] (PAD) is most commonly a manifestation of [[atherosclerosis]] resulting from vascular inflammation. Other uncommon causes should be suspected when the PAD occurs at a young age and in the context of a positive history. Uncommon causes include degenerative diseases ([[Marfan's syndrome]] and [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]), dysplastic disorders ([[fibromuscular dysplasia]]), inflammatory diseases ([[arteritis]]) and hypercoagulable states.
 ==Causes==
-====Causes in Alphabetical Order====
+===Life Threatening Causes===
-* [[Atherosclerosis]]
+Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
-* Arteriomegaly
-* [[Arteritis]]
+===Common Causes===
-* [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]
+*[[Arterial dissection]]
-* [[Fibromuscular dysplasia]]
+*[[Atheroembolism]]
-* [[Hypercoagulable state]]
+*[[Atherosclerosis]]
-* In situ [[thrombosis]]
+*[[Thromboangiitis obliterans]]
-* [[Marfan's Syndrome]]
+*[[Thromboembolism]]
-* [[Neurofibromatosis]]
+*[[aneurysm|Thrombosed aneurysm]]
-* [[Takayasu's Arteritis]]
-* [[Thromboangiitis obliterans]]
+===Causes by Organ System===
-* [[Thromboembolism]]
+{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
+|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
+|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Arterial dissection]], [[arteriomegaly]], [[arteritis]], [[atheroembolism]], [[atherosclerosis]], [[Buergers disease]], [[cystic adventitial disease]], [[cystic medial necrosis|Erdheim cystic medial necrosis]], [[fibromuscular dysplasia]], [[hypertension]], [[Leriche's syndrome]], [[multifocal fibrosclerosis]], [[Sneddon syndrome]], [[Takayasu's arteritis]], [[temporal arteritis]], [[thromboangiitis obliterans]], [[thromboembolism]], [[aneurysm|thrombosed aneurysm]], [[vasculitis]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ergotism|Ergot use]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Dermatologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sneddon syndrome]], [[vasculitis]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Drug Side Effect'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ergotism|Ergot use]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Endocrine'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Diabetes]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Environmental'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Smoking]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Gastroenterologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Genetic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Deafness peripheral neuropathy and arterial disease]], [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]], [[heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia]], [[Marfan's syndrome]], [[neurofibromatosis]], [[pseudoxanthoma elasticum]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Hematologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hypercoagulable state]], [[thrombophilia]], [[thrombosis]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Iatrogenic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[arteritis|Radiation arteritis]], [[radiation fibrosis]], [[surgery]], [[thrombosis]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Infectious Disease'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Neurologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Neurofibromatosis]], [[Sneddon syndrome]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hyperlipidemia]], [[hyperhomocysteinemia|homocysteinemia]], [[lipoprotein disorders classification|lipoproteinemia]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Oncologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cancer]], [[tumor]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Opthalmologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sneddon syndrome]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Psychiatric'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Pulmonary'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Buergers disease]], [[retroperitoneal fibrosis]], [[Sneddon syndrome]], [[thromboangiitis obliterans]], [[vasculitis]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Sexual'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Trauma'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[sports injury|Iliac endofibrosis (athletic injury)]], [[trauma|limb trauma]], [[popliteal artery entrapment syndrome]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Urologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Retroperitoneal fibrosis]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Dental'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Miscellaneous'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Obesity]]
+|-
+|}
+===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
+*[[Arterial dissection]]
+*[[Arteriomegaly]]
+*[[Arteritis]]
+*[[Atheroembolism]]
+*[[Atherosclerosis]]
+*[[Buergers disease]]
+*[[Cancer]]
+*[[Cystic adventitial disease]]
+*[[Deafness peripheral neuropathy and arterial disease]]
+*[[Diabetes]] <ref name="pmid24913468">{{cite journal| author=Okello S, Millard A, Owori R, Asiimwe SB, Siedner MJ, Rwebembera J et al.| title=Prevalence of lower extremity peripheral artery disease among adult diabetes patients in southwestern Uganda. | journal=BMC Cardiovasc Disord | year= 2014 | volume= 14 | issue=  | pages= 75 | pmid=24913468 | doi=10.1186/1471-2261-14-75 | pmc=PMC4057935 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24913468  }} </ref>
+*[[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]
+*[[cystic medial necrosis|Erdheim cystic medial necrosis]]
+*[[ergotism|Ergot use]]
+*[[Fibromuscular dysplasia]]
+*[[Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia]]
+*[[hyperhomocysteinemia|Homocysteinemia]]
+*[[Hypercoagulable state]]
+*[[Hyperlipidemia]]
+*[[Hypertension]]
+*[[sports injury|Iliac endofibrosis (athletic injury)]]
+*[[Leriche's syndrome]]
+*[[trauma|Limb trauma]]
+*[[lipoprotein disorders classification|Lipoproteinemia]]
+*[[Marfan's syndrome]]
+*[[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]]
+*[[Neurofibromatosis]]
+*[[Obesity]]
+*[[Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome]]
+*[[Pseudoxanthoma elasticum]]
+*[[arteritis|Radiation arteritis]]
+*[[Radiation fibrosis]]
+*[[Retroperitoneal fibrosis]]
+*[[Sneddon syndrome]]
+*[[Surgery]]
+*[[Takayasu's arteritis]]
+*[[Temporal arteritis]]
+*[[Thromboangiitis obliterans]]
+*[[Thromboembolism]]
+*[[Thrombophilia]]
+*[[Thrombosis]]
+*[[Tumor]]
+*[[aneurysm|Thrombosed aneurysm]]
+*[[Vasculitis]]
 ==References==
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