Oliguria causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Mugilan Poongkunran M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Oliguria is the low output of urine below 300-500ml/day. The decreased output of urine may be causes by dehydration, renal failure, hypovolemic shock, hyperosmolar nonketotic coma, urinary retention, DKA, preeclampsia, and urinary tract infections among other conditions.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

• Aneurysmal rupture
• Accelerated hypertension
• Acute blood loss
• Acute cortical necrosis
• Acute systemic inflammation following acute myocardial infarction
• Acute tubular necrosis
• Anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid reactions
• Bowel strangulation
• Burns
• Carbon monoxide poisoning
• Cardiogenic shock
• Crush syndrome
• Disseminated intravascular coagulation
• Drug overdose
• Eclampsia
• Endotoxic shock
• Heat stroke
• Hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma
• Massive pulmonary embolism
• Mismatched blood transfusion
• Neurogenic shock after central nervous system or spinal cord injury
• Pericardial tamponade
• Severe constrictive pericarditis

Common Causes

• ACE inhibitors
• Acute renal failure
• Acute tubular necrosis
• Aminoglycosides
• Analgesic nephropathy
• Capillary leak
• Dehydration
• Diarrhoea
• Diuretics
• Interstitial nephritis
• Massive bleeding
• Nephritic syndrome
• Nephrolithiasis
• Nephrotic syndrome
• Neurogenic bladder
• NSAIDs
• Posterior urethral valves
• Postpartum bleeding
• Prostate enlargement
• Renal artery thrombosis
• Sepsis
• SIADH
• Third space losses
• Urethral trauma

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Accelerated hypertension, acute systemic inflammation after myocardial infarction, aneurysmal rupture, aortic valve ring and critical aortic stenosis, atheroemboli, bleeding, bradyarrhythmias , capillary leak, cardiogenic shock, cholesterol embolism, complete heart block, congenital heart disease, dilated cardiomyopathies, heart failure, heat stroke, hypovolemic shock, malignant hypertension, myocardial stunning, cardiac tamponade, pre-eclampsia, renal artery stenosis, severe constrictive pericarditis, superior mesenteric artery occlusion, vasculitis
Chemical/Poisoning	Camphor, carbon monoxide
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	Anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid reactions, erythroderma, sweating
Drug Side Effect	ACE inhibitors, Aldesleukin, amatoxins, aminoglycosides, amphotericin B, analgesic nephropathy, anthracyclines, arsenic trioxide, bacitracin, bendamustine, bleomycin, capecitabine, capreomycin, carbon tetrachloride, carboplatin, carmustine, cidofovir, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, cytarabine, deferasirox, etoposide, exenatide, fluconazole, fludarabine, cladribine, gallium, gemcitabine, gyromitrin, hetastarch, hydroxyurea, ifosfamide, immune globulin intravenous injection, irinotecan, lenalidomide, Lincomycin Hydrochloride, lomustine, malignant hyperpyrexia following anesthesia, mannitol, melphalan, methotrexate, micafungin, mithramycin, Nabilone, nitrosourea compounds, NSAIDs , orellanine, oxaliplatin, para-amino salicylic acid, pemetrexed, pentamidine, pentostatin, pramipexole, polymyxin B, rifampicin, sertraline, Streptozocin, Sulfasalazine, sulfinpyrazone, sulphonamide crystalluria Cacluli, synthetic cannabinoids, tacrolimus, taxanes, telavancin, temozolomide, tenofovir, topotecan, valacyclovir, vancomycin, vinca alkaloids
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Acute pancreatitis, addisonian crisis, diabetic nephropathy, hypercalciuria, hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma, hypoaldosteronism, myxedema coma, SIADH
Environmental	Burns, heat stroke, insect bites, snake bite (Viperidae)
Gastroenterologic	Bowel strangulation, colorectal cancer, hepatic vein thrombosis, hepatorenal syndrome, intestinal obstruction, intususception of intestine, acute pancreatitis, retroperitoneal fibrosis, third space losses, upper or lower gastrointestinal bleeding
Genetic	Prune belly syndrome, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, transient renal dysfunction of the newborn
Hematologic	Disseminated intravascular coagulation, expanding hematoma, mismatched blood transfusion, myelomatosis, myoglobinuria, polycythemia, porphyria, renal artery thrombosis, renal vein thrombosis, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, transfusion reactions
Iatrogenic	Diarrhea, external drainage, malignant hyperpyrexia following anesthesia, mismatched blood transfusion, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, radiotherapy, sweating, systemic inflammatory response syndrome , vomiting
Infectious Disease	Diphtheria, endometriosis, endotoxic shock, enteritis, epidemic dropsy, hantavirus, human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, lassa fever, leptospirosis, malignant malaria, mycobacterium tuberculosis, neisseria gonorrhoea, post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, schistosoma haematobium, septic shock, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, toxic shock syndrome
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	Rhabdomyolysis, cervical spine injury, spinal cord compression, crush syndrome, fractures, massive bleeding, polytrauma
Neurologic	Eclampsia, intraventricular hemorrhage, neurogenic bladder, neurogenic shock after central nervous system or spinal cord injury, prolonged convulsions, spinal cord compression
Nutritional/Metabolic	Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency, bulimia, cholesterol embolism
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Cervical cancer, endometriosis, hydrometrocolpos, hyperemesis gravidarum, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, perinatal asphyxia, postpartum bleeding, pre-eclampsia, pregnancy toxemia, puerperal shock, twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome
Oncologic	Benign prostatic hyperplasia, bladder cancer, leukaemia, myelomatosis, pelvic tumour, prostate cancer, tumor lysis syndrome
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	Crush syndrome, drug overdose, heavy metal poisoning , heme pigments, myoglobinuria, porphyria, radiocontrast media, rhabdomyolysis, tumor lysis syndrome.
Psychiatric	Bulimia
Pulmonary	Alport syndrome, massive pulmonary embolism, respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory losses , severe pulmonary hypertension, tension pneumothorax
Renal/Electrolyte	Acute cortical necrosis, acute interstitial nephritis, acute on chronic renal failure , acute pyelonephritis, acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis, addisonian crisis, alport syndrome, analgesic nephropathy, burns, chronic renal failure, end stage kidney disease, glomerulonephritis, hepatic vein thrombosis, hepatorenal syndrome, hydronephrosis, hypoaldosteronism, nephritic syndrome, nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis, nephrotic syndrome, Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, renal papillary necrosis, renal vein thrombosis, salt-wasting nephropathies, sulphonamide crystalluria, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	Anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid reactions, antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, mismatched blood transfusion, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome , transfusion reactions, transplant rejection, vasculitis
Sexual	Benign prostatic hyperplasia, hydrometrocolpos
Trauma	Acute blood loss, crush syndrome, fractures, multiple traumatic injuries, neurogenic bladder, neurogenic shock after central nervous system or spinal cord injury, ruptured hematoma, shock, upper or lower gastrointestinal bleeding
Urologic	Benign prostatic hyperplasia, bladder cancer, bladder outlet obstruction, hydronephrosis, kidney stone, nephrotic syndrome, obstruction of the urinary tract, pelvic tumor, prostate cancer, schistosoma haematobium, sulphonamide crystalluria, ureterocele, urethral catheterization, urethral stricture, urethral trauma
Miscellaneous	Marathon running, post-resustication syndrome, puerperal shock, radiotherapy, surgery complication

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• Accelerated hypertension
• ACE inhibitors
• Acute blood loss
• Acute cortical necrosis
• Acute interstitial nephritis
• Acute on chronic renal failure
• Acute pancreatitis
• Acute pyelonephritis
• Acute renal failure
• Acute systemic inflammation following acute myocardial infarction
• Acute tubular necrosis
• Addisonian crisis
• Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency
• Alport syndrome
• Amatoxins
• Aminoglycosides
• Amphotericin B
• Analgesic nephropathy
• Anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid reactions
• Aneurysmal rupture
• Anthracyclines
• Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome
• Aortic valve ring and critical aortic stenosis
• Arsenic trioxide
• Atheroemboli
• Bacitracin
• Bendamustine
• Benign prostatic hyperplasia
• Bladder cancer
• Bladder outlet obstruction
• Bleomycin
• Bowel strangulation
• Bradyarrhythmias
• Bulimia
• Burns
• Camphor
• Campylobacter infection
• Capecitabine
• Capillary leak
• Capreomycin
• Carbon tetrachloride
• Carbon monoxide poisoning
• Carboplatin
• Cardiogenic shock
• Carmustine
• Cervical cancer
• Cholesterol embolism
• Chronic renal failure
• Cidofovir
• Cirrhosis
• Cisplatin
• Cladribine
• Clostridium tetani
• Colorectal cancer
• Complete heart block
• Congenital heart disease
• Crush syndrome
• Cyclophosphamide
• Cyclosporine
• Cytarabine
• Decompression sickness
• Deferasirox
• Dehydration
• Diabetes
• Diarrhea
• Dilated cardiomyopathies
• Diphtheria
• Disseminated intravascular coagulation
• Diuretics
• Drug overdose
• Eclampsia
• End stage kidney disease
• Endometriosis
• Endotoxic shock
• Enteritis
• Epidemic dropsy

• Erythroderma
• Ethylene glycol
• Etoposide
• Exenatide
• Expanding hematoma
• External drainage
• Fluconazole
• Fludarabine
• Foscarnet
• Fractures
• Gallium
• Gemcitabine
• Glomerulonephritis
• Gyromitrin
• Hantavirus
• Heart failure
• Heat stroke
• Heavy metal poisoning
• Heme pigments
• Hepatic vein thrombosis
• Hepatorenal syndrome
• Hetastarch
• Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis
• Hydrometrocolpos
• Hydronephrosis
• Hydroxyurea
• Hypercalciuria
• Hyperemesis gravidarum
• Hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma
• Hyperuricemia
• Hypoaldosteronism
• Hypovolemic shock
• Ifosfamide
• Insect bites
• Interstitial nephritis
• Intestinal obstruction
• Immune Globulin Intravenous Injection
• Intraventricular hemorrhage
• Intususception of intestine
• Irinotecan
• Lassa fever
• Lenalidomide
• Leptospirosis
• Leukaemia
• Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus
• Lomustine
• Malignant hyperpyrexia following anesthesia
• Malignant hypertension
• Malignant malaria
• Mannitol
• Marathon running
• Massive pulmonary embolism
• Melphalan
• Methotrexate
• Micafungin
• Mismatched blood transfusion
• Mithramycin
• Mitomycin C
• Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Myelomatosis
• Myoglobinuria
• Myxedema coma
• Nabilone
• Neisseria gonorrhoea
• Nephritic syndrome
• Nephrocalcinosis
• Nephrolithiasis
• Nephrotic syndrome
• Neurogenic bladder
• Neurogenic shock after central nervous system or spinal cord injury
• Nitrosourea compounds
• NSAIDs
• Obstruction of the urinary tract
• Orellanine
• Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
• Oxaliplatin

• Para-amino salicylic acid
• Pelvic tumor
• Pemetrexed
• Pentamidine
• Pentostatin
• Pericardial tamponade
• Perinatal asphyxia
• Polycythemia
• Polymyxin B
• Porphyria
• Postpartum bleeding
• Post-resuscitation syndrome
• Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
• Pregnancy toxemia
• Pre-eclampsia
• Prolonged convulsions
• Prostate cancer
• Prune belly syndrome
• Puerperal shock
• Radiocontrast media
• Radiotherapy
• Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
• Renal artery stenosis
• Renal artery thrombosis
• Renal insufficiency
• Renal papillary necrosis
• Renal vein thrombosis
• Respiratory distress syndrome
• Respiratory fluid loss
• Retroperitoneal fibrosis
• Rhabdomyolysis
• Rifampicin
• Ruptured hematoma
• Salt-wasting nephropathies
• Schistosoma haematobium
• Septic shock
• Severe constrictive pericarditis
• Severe pulmonary hypertension
• Shock
• SIADH
• SLE
• Snake bite (Viperidae)
• Spinal cord compression
• Streptozocin
• Myocardial stunning
• Sulfinpyrazone
• Sulphonamide crystalluria
• Superior mesenteric artery occlusion
• Surgery complication
• Sweating
• Synthetic cannabinoids
• Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
• Tacrolimus
• Taxanes
• Telavancin
• Temozolomide
• Tenofovir
• Tension pneumothorax
• Third-space sequestration
• Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
• Topotecan
• Toxic shock syndrome
• Transfusion reactions
• Transient renal dysfunction of the newborn
• Transplant rejection
• Trauma
• Tumor lysis syndrome
• Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome
• Upper or Lower gastrointestinal bleeding
• Ureterocele
• Urethral catheterization
• Urethral stricture
• Urethral trauma
• Valacyclovir
• Vancomycin
• Vasculitis
• Vinca alkaloids
• Vomiting