Cardiomyopathy causes: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
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{{Cardiomyopathy}}
{{Cardiomyopathy}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{EdzelCo}}
 
==Overview==
==Overview==
There is a very wide range of factors that can cause cardiomyopathy, ranging from [[infectious]] causes, [[toxin]]s, [[genetic]] causes and other disease processes.
There are numerous causes of cardiomyopathies depending on the type in question.  Some of the causes include: [[genetic]] (e.g. [[hereditary spherocytosis]], [[familial cardiomyopathy]], [[Friedreich's ataxia]]); [[metabolic]] (e.g. [[beriberi]], [[Gaucher's disease]], [[uremia]]); and [[infectious]] (e.g. [[Adenoviridae|adenovirus]], [[african trypanosomiasis]], [[arbovirus]], [[ascariasis]]).  Cardiomyopathies usually have an insidious onset but life-threatening causes including [[acute coronary syndrome]], [[electrolyte imbalance]], and [[cocaine abuse]] which must be identified and managed accordingly. Other common causes include [[alcoholism]], [[diabetes mellitus]], and [[hypothyroidism]].


==Causes==
==Causes==
===Common Causes===


* [[Alcoholism]]
===Life Threatening Causes===
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.<ref name="pmid24976920">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sisakian H |title=Cardiomyopathies: Evolution of pathogenesis concepts and potential for new therapies |journal=World J Cardiol |volume=6 |issue=6 |pages=478–94 |date=June 2014 |pmid=24976920 |doi=10.4330/wjc.v6.i6.478 |url=}}</ref>


* [[Amyloidosis]]  
*[[Acute coronary syndrome]]
*[[Carbon monoxide toxicity]]
*[[Cocaine abuse]]
*[[Electrolyte imbalance]]
*[[Prolonged QT syndrome]]
*[[Tricyclic anti-depressant#Overdose|Tricyclic anti-depressant overdose]]


* [[Anthracyclines]]  
===Common Causes===
 
*[[Alcoholism]]  
* [[Beri-Beri]] (thiamine or vitamin B1)
*[[Amyloidosis]]
 
*[[Anthracyclines]]  
* [[Chagas disease]]  
*[[Beriberi]]
 
*[[Chagas disease]]  
* [[Cocaine]] abuse
*[[Chronic tachycardia]]
 
*[[Cocaine abuse]]
* [[Coxsackie virus]]  
*[[Coxsackie virus]]  
 
*[[Cushing syndrome]]  
* [[Cushing's Disease]]  
*[[Diabetes mellitus]]
* [[Chronic tachycardia]]  
*[[Electrolyte imbalance]]  
 
*[[HIV]]  
* [[Diabetes Mellitus]]
*[[Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy]]
 
*[[Hypothyroidism]]  
* [[Electrolyte imbalance]]  
*[[Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy]]  
 
*[[Kwashiorkor]]  
* [[Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Tricyclic anti-depressant#Overdose|Tricyclic anti-depressant overdose]]
* [[Hypothyroidism]]  
 
* [[HIV]]
 
* [[Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy]]  
* [[Kwashiorkor]]  
 
* [[Peripartum cardiomyopathy]]
* [[Stress cardiomyopathy]]


===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===
 
{| style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
| style="width:25%" bgcolor="lightsteelblue" ; border="1" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
| style="width:75%" bgcolor="beige" ; border="1" | [[Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia]], [[Idiopathic Infantile Arterial Calcification|arterial calcification of infancy]], [[Brugada syndrome]], [[Transplant rejection|cardiac transplant rejection]], cardiomyopathy-renal anomalies,<ref name="Leask-2007">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Leask | first1 = KM. | last2 = Kerr | first2 = B. | last3 = Ladusans | first3 = E. | title = Cardiomyopathy with renal anomalies in two siblings: a new recessive syndrome? | journal = Clin Dysmorphol | volume = 16 | issue = 1 | pages = 51-3 | month = Jan | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1097/MCD.0b013e328010caa9 | PMID = 17159516 }}</ref> [[chronic tachycardia]], [[coronary artery disease]], [[Cytochrome c oxidase|cytochrome C oxidase deficiency]], [[endomyocardial fibrosis]], [[eosinophilic endomyocardial disease]], [[giant cell myocarditis]], [[hypertension]], [[Keshan disease]] , [[left ventricular noncompaction]], [[Loeffler endocarditis]], [[myocarditis]], [[Naxos disease]], obesity-colitis-hypothyroidism-cardiac hypertrophy-developmental delay,<ref name="Tan-2007">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Tan | first1 = TY. | last2 = Amor | first2 = DJ. | title = Obesity, hypothyroidism, craniosynostosis, cardiac hypertrophy, colitis, and developmental delay: a novel syndrome. | journal = Am J Med Genet A | volume = 143 | issue = 2 | pages = 114-8 | month = Jan | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1002/ajmg.a.31548 | PMID = 17163533 }}</ref> [[prolonged QT syndrome]], X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy,<ref name="Towbin-1993">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Towbin |first1 = JA. | last2 = Hejtmancik | first2 = JF. | last3 = Brink | first3 = P. | last4 = Gelb | first4 = B. | last5 = Zhu | first5 = XM. | last6 = Chamberlain | first6 = JS. | last7 = McCabe | first7 = ER. | last8 = Swift | first8 = M. | title = X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy. Molecular genetic evidence of linkage to the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (dystrophin) gene at the Xp21 locus. | journal = Circulation | volume = 87 | issue = 6 | pages = 1854-65 | month = Jun | year = 1993 | doi =  | PMID = 8504498 }}</ref> X-linked fatal infantile cardiomyopathy<ref name="Gedeon-1995">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Gedeon | first1 = AK. | last2 = Wilson | first2 = MJ. | last3 = Colley | first3 = AC. | last4 = Sillence | first4 = DO. | last5 = Mulley | first5 = JC. | title = X linked fatal infantile cardiomyopathy maps to Xq28 and is possibly allelic to Barth syndrome. | journal = J Med Genet | volume = 32 | issue = 5 | pages = 383-8 | month = May | year = 1995 | doi =  | PMID = 7616547 }}</ref>
 
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" |  
[[Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia]],  
[[arterial calcification of infancy]],  
[[Brugada syndrome]],  
[[cardiac transplant rejection]],  
[[cardiomyopathy with myopathy due to COX deficiency]],
[[cardiomyopathy-diabetes-deafness complex]],
[[cardiomyopathy-hypogonadism-metabolic anomalies complex]],  
[[cardiomyopathy-renal anomalies]],
[[chronic tachycardia]],  
[[coronary artery disease]],  
[[endomyocardial fibrosis]],  
[[eosinophilic endomyocardial disease]],  
[[facio-cardio-musculo-skeletal syndrome]],  
[[giant cell myocarditis]],  
[[hypertension]],  
[[Keshan disease]],  
[[left ventricular noncompaction]],  
[[Loeffler endocarditis]],  
[[myocarditis]],  
[[Naxos disease]],  
[[obesity-colitis-hypothyroidism-cardiac hypertrophy-developmental delay]],  
[[prolonged QT syndrome]],  
[[x-linked dilated cardiomyopathy]],  
[[x-linked fatal infantile cardiomyopathy]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Chemical / poisoning'''
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
| bgcolor="beige" | [[Arsenic]], [[cobalt]], [[Herbicide|endothall]], [[ethanol]], [[lead]], [[thallium]], [[allylamine]], [[carbon monoxide]], [[toxic mushrooms]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Arsenic]], [[cobalt]], endothall, [[ethanol]], [[lead]], [[thallium]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Dermatologic'''
| '''Dermatologic'''
| bgcolor="beige" | Familial cutaneous collagenoma,<ref name="Dawn-">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Dawn | first1 = ME. | last2 = Deng | first2 = AC. | last3 = Petrali | first3 = J. | last4 = Wessely | first4 = C. | last5 = Jaffe | first5 = D. | last6 = Gaspari | first6 = AA. | title = Familial cutaneous collagenoma. | journal = Skinmed | volume = 7 | issue = 1 | pages = 43-5 | month =  | year =  | doi =  | PMID = 18174804 }}</ref> [[lentiginosis]], [[dermatomyositis]],  [[Carvajal-Huerta syndrome]], [[Histiocytosis|Hand-Schuller-Christian syndrome]], [[McLeod syndrome]], [[multiple lentigines syndrome]], [[Naxos disease]], [[pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta]], [[Refsum disease]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| Familial cutaneous collagenoma, [[Lentiginosis]], [[Dermatomyositis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Drug Side Effect'''
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
| bgcolor="beige" | [[5-fluorouracil]], [[Anthracycline|aclarubicin]], [[actinomycin D]], [[alemtuzumab]], [[Anthracycline|amrubicin]], [[bleomycin]], [[Benzphetamine]], [[capecitabine]], [[certolizumab pegol]], [[Cidofovir]], [[cisplatin]], [[clozapine]], [[cyclophosphamide]], [[Cytarabine]], [[dasatinib]], [[daunorubicin]], [[Dextroamphetamine]], [[disopyramide]], [[Doxorubicin Hydrochloride]], [[epirubicin]], [[fenfluramine]], [[hydralazine]], [[hydroxychloroquine]], [[idarubicin]], [[imatinib]], [[interferon-alpha]],  [[Interferon alfa-2b ]] , [[Ixabepilone]], [[Megestrol]], [[mitoxantrone]], [[paclitaxel]],  [[paracetamol]], [[Pegylated interferon alfa-2b]], [[Anthracyclines|pirarubicin]], [[pixantrone]], [[streptomycin]], [[sunitinib]], [[tacrolimus]], [[Trametinib]],  [[trastuzumab]], [[Tricyclic antidepressant#Overdose|tricyclic anti-depressant abuse]], [[Valdecoxib]], [[valrubicin]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| Aclarubicin, [[Anthracyclines]], [[Bleomycin]], [[Clozapine]], [[Cyclophosphamide]], [[Doxorubicin]], [[Idarubicin]], [[Mitoxantrone]], [[Paracetamol]], Peplomycin, [[Tacrolimus]], [[Tricyclic anti-depressant]] abuse
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| bgcolor="beige" | No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-  
|-  
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Endocrine'''
| '''Endocrine'''
| bgcolor="beige" | [[Acromegaly]], [[amyloidosis]], [[carcinoid syndrome]], [[celiac disease]], [[cushing syndrome]], [[diabetes mellitus]], [[gout]], [[hemochromatosis]], [[hyperparathyroidism]], [[hyperthyroidism]], [[hypothyroidism]], obesity-colitis-hypothyroidism-cardiac hypertrophy developmental delay,<ref name="Tan-2007">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Tan | first1 = TY. | last2 = Amor | first2 = DJ. | title = Obesity, hypothyroidism, craniosynostosis, cardiac hypertrophy, colitis, and developmental delay: a novel syndrome. | journal = Am J Med Genet A | volume = 143 | issue = 2 | pages = 114-8 | month = Jan | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1002/ajmg.a.31548 | PMID = 17163533 }}</ref> [[paraneoplastic syndromes]], [[pheochromocytoma]], [[pituitary tumor]], [[WAGR syndrome]],  [[Whipple's disease]]  
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acromegaly]], [[Cushing's Disease]], [[Diabetes Mellitus]], [[Hyperparathyroidism]], [[Hyperthyroidism]], [[Hypothyroidism]], [[Pheochromocytoma]], [[Pituitary tumor]] (growth hormone secreting), Cardiomyopathy - diabetes - deafness, Cardiomyopathy -- hypogonadism -- metabolic anomalies complex, Obesity -- colitis -- hypothyroidism -- cardiac hypertrophy -- developmental delay, [[Carcinoid syndrome]]
|-  
|-  
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Environmental'''
| '''Environmental'''
| bgcolor="beige" | [[Heatstroke]], [[hypothermia]], [[Electrical injury#Cardiac Injury|lightning strike]], [[radiation]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Heatstroke]], [[Hypothermia]], Lightening strike
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Gastroenterologic'''
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
| bgcolor="beige" | [[Hemochromatosis]], obesity-colitis-hypothyroidism-cardiac hypertrophy-developmental delay complex, <ref name="Tan-2007">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Tan | first1 = TY. | last2 = Amor | first2 = DJ. | title = Obesity, hypothyroidism, craniosynostosis, cardiac hypertrophy, colitis, and developmental delay: a novel syndrome. | journal = Am J Med Genet A | volume = 143 | issue = 2 | pages = 114-8 | month = Jan | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1002/ajmg.a.31548 | PMID = 17163533 }}</ref>[[Whipple's disease]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hemochromatosis]], [[Hepatitis]], Obesity -- colitis -- hypothyroidism -- cardiac hypertrophy -- developmental delay complex, [[Whipple's Disease]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Genetic'''
| '''Genetic'''
| bgcolor="beige" | [[Alpers' disease]], [[Aspartylglucosaminuria|Borud syndrome]], [[Brugada syndrome]], [[Carvajal-Huerta syndrome]], [[congenital disorders of glycosylation]], [[congenital generalized lipodystrophy]], [[Costello syndrome]], [[Cytochrome c oxidase|cytochrome C oxidase deficiency]], [[desmin-related myofibrillar myopathy]], [[Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy]], [[familial cardiomyopathy]], [[Friedreich's ataxia]], [[hereditary spherocytosis]],  [[Hurler syndrome]], [[Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome]], [[Cantu syndrome|hypertrichotic osteochondrodysplasia]], [[Keshan disease]], [[Laing distal myopathy]],  [[Congenital muscular dystrophy|LAMA2-related muscular dystrophy]], [[mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency]], [[multiple lentigines syndrome]],  [[muscular dystrophy]], [[Naxos disease]], [[Noonan syndrome]], [[porphyria]], [[prolonged QT syndrome]], [[pseudoxanthoma elasticum]], [[Refsum disease]], [[NADH dehydrogenase|respiratory chain complex I deficiency]], [[Salih myopathy]], [[SGCG|sarcoglycanopathy]], [[Oculofaciocardiodental syndrome|syndromic microphthalmia type 7]], [[WAGR syndrome]], X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy, <ref name="Towbin-1993">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Towbin | first1 = JA. | last2 = Hejtmancik | first2 = JF. | last3 = Brink | first3 = P. | last4 = Gelb | first4 = B. | last5 = Zhu | first5 = XM. | last6 = Chamberlain | first6 = JS. | last7 = McCabe | first7 = ER. | last8 = Swift | first8 = M. | title = X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy. Molecular genetic evidence of linkage to the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (dystrophin) gene at the Xp21 locus. | journal = Circulation | volume = 87 | issue = 6 | pages = 1854-65 | month = Jun | year = 1993 | doi =  | PMID = 8504498 }}</ref>  X-linked fatal infantile cardiomyopathy, <ref name="Gedeon-1995">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Gedeon | first1 = AK. | last2 = Wilson | first2 = MJ. | last3 = Colley | first3 = AC. | last4 = Sillence | first4 = DO. | last5 = Mulley | first5 = JC. | title = X linked fatal infantile cardiomyopathy maps to Xq28 and is possibly allelic to Barth syndrome. | journal = J Med Genet | volume = 32 | issue = 5 | pages = 383-8 | month = May | year = 1995 | doi =  | PMID = 7616547 }}</ref> [[Yunis-Varon syndrome]]  
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alpers Syndrome]], [[Familial cardiomyopathy]], [[Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome]], [[Noonan syndrome]], Sarcoglycanopathy, X-linked - fatal infantile Cardiomyopathy, [[Friedrich's Ataxia]], [[Brugada syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Hematologic'''
| '''Hematologic'''
| bgcolor="beige" | [[Hereditary spherocytosis]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| Cardiomyopathy -- spherocytosis
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Iatrogenic'''
| '''Iatrogenic'''
| bgcolor="beige" | [[Radiation therapy|Cardiac irradiation]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Infectious Disease'''
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| bgcolor="beige" | [[Adenovirus]], [[african trypanosomiasis]], [[arbovirus]], [[ascariasis]], [[aspergillosis]], [[beta-hemolytic streptococci]], [[blastomycosis]], [[brucella]], [[Chagas disease]], [[coccidioidomycosis]], [[coxsackie A virus]], [[Coxsackie B|coxsackie virus B1-B5]], [[cryptococcosis]], [[cysticercosis]], [[cytomegalovirus]], [[diptheria]], [[echovirus]], [[enterococci]], [[Epstein-Barr virus]] ([[EBV]]), [[filariasis]], [[flavivirus]], [[histoplasmosis]], [[HIV]], [[influenza]], [[leishmaniasis]], [[leptospirosis]], [[loeffler endocarditis]], [[Lyme disease]], [[malaria]], [[measles]], [[mumps]], [[pertussis]], [[poliomyelitis]], [[psittacosis]], [[Q fever]], [[rabies]], [[rheumatic fever]], [[rocky mountain spotted fever]], [[Sarcocystis|sarcosporidiosis]], [[schistosomiasis]], [[staphylococcus]], [[syphilis]], [[tetanus]], [[toxoplasmosis]], [[trichinosis]], [[tuberculosis]], [[typhoid fever]], [[varicella-zoster virus]]
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
<u>'''Bacteria'''</u>:
[[Beta-hemolytic streptococci]], [[Borrelia burgdorferi]], [[Brucella]], [[Diptheria]], [[Enterococci]]
, [[Leptospirosis]], [[Lyme Disease]], [[Pertussis]], [[Psittacosis]], [[Q Fever]], [[Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever]], [[Staphylococcus]], [[Syphilis]], [[Tetanus]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Typhoid Fever]], [[Rheumatic Fever]]
 
<u>'''Virus'''</u>:
[[Adenovirus]], [[Arbovirus]], [[Coxsackie virus]] A, [[Coxsackie virus]] B1-B5, [[Cytomegalovirus]] ([[CMV]]), [[ECHO virus]] (EnteroCytopathogenic Human Orphan viruses), [[Epstein-Barr Virus]] ([[EBV]]), [[Flavivirus]], [[HIV]], [[Influenza]], [[Measles]], [[Mumps]],[[Oral candidiasis]], [[Polio]], [[Rabies]], [[Varicella-zoster virus]]
 
<u>'''Fungi'''</u>:
[[Aspergillosis]], [[Blastomycosis]], [[Coccidioidomycosis]], [[Cryptococcosis]], [[Histoplasmosis]]
 
<u>'''Parasites'''</u>:
[[African Sleeping sickness]], [[Amebiasis]], [[Ascariasis]], [[Chagas disease]], [[Cysticercosis]], [[Filariasis]], [[Leishmaniasis]], [[Loeffler endocarditis]], [[Malaria]], Sarcosporidiosis, [[Schistosomiasis]], [[Toxoplasmosis]], [[Trichinosis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dermatomyositis]], [[Arthrogryposis due to muscular dystrophy]], [[Duchenne muscular dystrophy]], [[Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy]], [[Limb girdle muscular dystrophy]], [[Mitochondrial myopathy]], [[Muscular Dystrophy]], [[Myotonic dystrophy]], Recessive type Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, [[Kearns-Sayre Syndrome]], Cardiomyopathy with myopathy due to COX deficency, Facio-cardio-musculo-skeletal syndrome, [[Hand-Schuller-Christian Syndrome]]
 
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
| '''Neurologic'''
| bgcolor="beige" | [[Arthrogryposis due to muscular dystrophy]], [[Cytochrome c oxidase|cytochrome c oxidase deficiency]], [[dermatomyositis]], [[Duchenne muscular dystrophy]], [[Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy]], [[Histiocytosis|Hand-Schuller-Christian Syndrome]], [[Kearns-Sayre syndrome]],  [[mitochondrial myopathy]], [[muscular dystrophy]], [[myotonic dystrophy]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Friedrich's Ataxia]], [[Kearns-Sayre Syndrome]], [[Whipple's Disease]], [[Alpers Syndrome]], [[Hand-Schuller-Christian Syndrome]], [[MELAS]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Neurologic'''
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
| bgcolor="beige" | [[Alpers' disease]], [[D2HGDH|d-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[Friedreich's ataxia]], [[Histiocytosis|Hand-Schuller-Christian Syndrome]], [[Kearns-Sayre syndrome]], [[MELAS syndrome]], [[Whipple's disease]]  
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[3-methylglutaconic aciduria]] type 4, [[Beri-Beri]] (thiamine or vitamin B1), [[Carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1a]], [[Carnitine deficiency]], [[Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 deficiency]], [[Carnitine transporter deficiency]], [[Coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ10)  deficiency]], [[Coenzyme Q cytochrome c reductase deficiency]], [[Congenital disorder of glycosylation]], [[Cytochrome C Oxidase deficiency]], [[Fabry's Disease]], [[Gangliosidosis]], [[Gaucher's Disease]], [[Glutaric acidemia type 2]], [[Glycogen storage diseases]], [[Gout]], [[Hunter's Syndrome]], [[Hurler's Syndrome]], [[Keshan disease]], [[Kwashiorkor]], [[Malonic aciduria]], [[MELAS]], [[Neimann-Pick Disease]], [[Niacin deficiency]], [[Oxalosis]], [[Porphyria]], [[Refsum's disease]], [[scurvy]], [[Triosephosphate isomerase deficiency]], [[Vitamin B deficiency]], [[Vitamin D]] overdose , [[Hemochromatosis]]  
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
| bgcolor="beige" | [[Barth syndrome|3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[beriberi]], [[Aspartylglucosaminuria|Borud syndrome]], [[carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1a]], [[carnitine deficiency]], [[Coenzyme Q10#Cardiac and Vascular Disease|Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency]], [[coenzyme Q cytochrome c reductase deficiency]], [[congenital disorder of glycosylation]], [[cytochrome C Oxidase deficiency]], [[D2HGDH|d-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[Fabry disease]], [[gangliosidosis]], [[Gaucher's disease]], [[glutaric acidemia type 2]], [[gout]], [[hemochromatosis]], [[Hunter syndrome]], [[Hurler syndrome]], [[isobutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[Keshan disease]], [[kwashiorkor]], [[Long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency|long-chain Acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[malonic aciduria]], [[MELAS syndrome]], [[mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency]], [[mucopolysaccharidoses]], [[Niemann-Pick disease]], [[niacin deficiency]], [[oxalosis]], [[paraneoplastic syndromes]], [[Glycogen storage disease type II|Pompe disease]], [[porphyria]], [[Refsum disease]], [[NADH dehydrogenase|respiratory chain complex I deficiency]],  [[Adenosylhomocysteinase|s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency]], [[scurvy]], [[selenium deficiency]], [[Leigh's disease|subacute necrotising encephalomyelopathy]], [[triosephosphate isomerase deficiency]], [[uremia]], [[vitamin B deficiency]], [[Hypervitaminosis D|vitamin D overdose]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Peripartum cardiomyopathy]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
| '''Oncologic'''
| bgcolor="beige" | [[Peripartum cardiomyopathy]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Angioma]], [[Myxomas]], [[Pituitary tumour]] (growth hormone secreting), [[Rhabdomyoma]], [[Sarcoma]], [[Leukemia]], [[WAGR Syndrome]], [[Carcinoid syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Oncologic'''
| '''Opthalmologic'''
| bgcolor="beige" | [[Angioma]], [[myxomas]], [[pituitary tumour]], [[rhabdomyoma]], [[sarcoma]], [[leukemia]], [[WAGR syndrome]], [[carcinoid syndrome]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hand-Schuller-Christian Syndrome]], Microphthalmia, syndromic 7, [[Myotonic dystrophy]], [[WAGR Syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Ophthalmologic'''
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
| bgcolor="beige" | [[Histiocytosis|Hand-Schuller-Christian syndrome]], [[Oculofaciocardiodental syndrome|syndromic microphthalmia type 7]], [[myotonic dystrophy]], [[WAGR syndrome]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
| '''Psychiatric'''
| bgcolor="beige" | [[Alcohol]], [[Cobalt#Precautions|cobalt poisoning]], [[cocaine abuse]], [[oxalosis]], [[paracetamol]], [[tricyclic antidepressant]],  [[Hypervitaminosis D|vitamin D overdose]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Takotsubo cardiomyopathy]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Psychiatric'''
| '''Pulmonary'''
| bgcolor="beige" | [[Takotsubo cardiomyopathy]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Pulmonary'''
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
| bgcolor="beige" | No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Electrolyte imbalance]], [[Hypocalcemia]], [[Hypokalemia]], [[Hypomagnesemia]], [[Uremia]], [[WAGR Syndrome]], [[MELAS]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
| bgcolor="beige" | Cardiomyopathy-renal anomalies,<ref name="Leask-2007">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Leask | first1 = KM. | last2 = Kerr | first2 = B. | last3 = Ladusans | first3 = E. | title = Cardiomyopathy with renal anomalies in two siblings: a new recessive syndrome? | journal = Clin Dysmorphol |volume = 16 | issue = 1 | pages = 51-3 | month = Jan | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1097/MCD.0b013e328010caa9 | PMID = 17159516 }}</ref> [[hypocalcemia]], [[hypokalemia]], [[hypomagnesemia]], [[uremia]], [[WAGR syndrome]], [[MELAS syndrome]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Polyarteritis nodosa]], [[Rheumatoid Arthritis]], [[Sarcoidosis]], [[Scleroderma]], [[Systemic Lupus Erythematosus]], [[Kawasaki's Disease]], [[Gout]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
| '''Sexual'''
| bgcolor="beige" | [[Gout]], [[Kawasaki disease]], [[polyarteritis nodosa]], [[rheumatoid arthritis]], [[systemic sclerosis]], [[scleroderma]], [[systemic lupus erythematosus]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Sexual'''
| '''Trauma'''
| bgcolor="beige" | No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Trauma]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Trauma'''
| '''Urologic'''
| bgcolor="beige" | No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Urologic'''
| '''Dental'''
| bgcolor="beige" | No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Dental'''
| '''Miscellaneous'''
| bgcolor="beige" | No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cocaine]] abuse, [[Alcoholism]], [[Amyloidosis]], [[Electric shock]], [[Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy]], [[Immunoglobulinic amyloidosis]], [[Irradiation]], [[Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency]], [[Obesity]], [[physically and physiologically stress induced (tako-tsubo syndrome or "broken heart syndrome")]], Toxic mushrooms -- cyclopeptides
|-
|-
| bgcolor="lightsteelblue" | '''Miscellaneous'''
| bgcolor="beige" | [[Envenomation|Black widow spider bite]], [[Transplant rejection|cardiac transplant rejection]], [[idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy]],  [[mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency]], [[obesity]], [[obstructive sleep apnea]], [[takotsubo cardiomyopathy|stress-induced cardiomyopathy]]
|}
|}


Line 199: Line 127:
{{col-break|width=33%}}
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[1p36 deletion syndrome]]
*[[1p36 deletion syndrome]]
*[[3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]
*[[3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency]]
*[[3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 4]]
*[[5-fluorouracil]]
*[[5-fluorouracil]]
*[[Aclarubicin]]
*[[Anthracycline|Aclarubicin]]
*[[Acromegaly]]
*[[Acromegaly]]
*[[Actinomycin D]]
*[[Actinomycin D]]
Line 210: Line 137:
*[[Alemtuzumab]]
*[[Alemtuzumab]]
*[[Allylamine]]
*[[Allylamine]]
*[[Alpers' syndrome]]
*[[Alpers' disease]]
*[[Alström syndrome]]
*[[Alström syndrome]]
*[[Amrubicin]]
*[[Anthracycline|Amrubicin]]
*[[Amyloidosis]]
*[[Amyloidosis]]
*[[Arboviruses]]
*[[Arboviruses]]
*[[Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Arsenic]]
*[[Arsenic]]
*[[Arterial calcification of infancy]]
*[[Idiopathic Infantile Arterial Calcification|Arterial calcification of infancy]]
*[[Arthritis--short stature--deafness syndrome]]
*[[Stickler syndrome|Arthritis-short stature-deafness syndrome]]
*[[Arthrogryposis due to muscular dystrophy]]
*[[Arthrogryposis due to muscular dystrophy]]
*[[Asbestosis]]
*[[Asbestosis]]
*[[Ascariasis]]
*[[Ascariasis]]
*[[Aspergillosis]]
*[[Aspergillosis]]
*[[Autosomal recessive progressive external ophthalmoplegia ]]
*[[Progressive external ophthalmoplegia|Autosomal recessive progressive external ophthalmoplegia]]
*[[Barth syndrome]]
*[[Beriberi]]
*[[Beriberi (vitamin B1 deficiency)]]
*[[Beta-hemolytic streptococci]]
*[[Beta-hemolytic streptococci]]
*[[Black widow spiders]]
*[[Envenomation|Black widow spiders bite]]
*[[Blastomycosis]]
*[[Blastomycosis]]
*[[Bleomycin]]
*[[Bleomycin]]
*[[Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease)]]
*[[Lyme disease|Borrelia burgdorferi]]
*[[Borud syndrome]]
*[[Aspartylglucosaminuria|Borud syndrome]]
*[[Brucella]]
*[[Brucella]]
*[[Brugada syndrome]]
*[[Brugada syndrome]]
Line 237: Line 163:
*[[Carbon monoxide toxicity]]
*[[Carbon monoxide toxicity]]
*[[Carcinoid syndrome]]
*[[Carcinoid syndrome]]
*[[Cardiac irradiation]]
*[[Radiation therapy|Cardiac irradiation]]
*[[Cardiac transplant rejection]]
*[[Transplant rejection|cardiac transplant rejection]]
*[[Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (CFC)]]
*[[Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome]]
*[[Cardiomyopathy with myopathy due to COX deficency]]
*Cardiomyopathy-renal anomalies<ref name="Leask-2007">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Leask | first1 = KM. | last2 = Kerr | first2 = B. | last3 = Ladusans | first3 = E. | title = Cardiomyopathy with renal anomalies in two siblings: a new recessive syndrome? | journal = Clin Dysmorphol |volume = 16 | issue = 1 | pages = 51-3 | month = Jan | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1097/MCD.0b013e328010caa9 | PMID = 17159516 }}</ref>
*[[Cardiomyopathy--diabetes--deafness complex]]
*[[Cardiomyopathy--hypogonadism--metabolic anomalies complex]]
*[[Cardiomyopathy--renal anomalies disease]]
*[[Carnitine deficiency]]
*[[Carnitine deficiency]]
*[[Carvajal-Huerta syndrome]]
*[[Carvajal-Huerta syndrome]]
Line 249: Line 172:
*[[Certolizumab pegol]]
*[[Certolizumab pegol]]
*[[Chagas disease]]
*[[Chagas disease]]
*[[Chorea-acanthocytosis]]
*[[Chorea acanthocytosis]]
*[[Chromosome 11, partial deletion]]
*[[Chronic tachycardia]]
*[[Chronic tachycardia]]
*[[Cidofovir]]
*[[Cisplatin]]
*[[Cisplatin]]
*[[Clozapine]]
*[[Clozapine]]
*[[Cobalt]]
*[[Cobalt#Precautions|Cobalt poisoning]]
*[[Cobalt poisoning]]
*[[Cocaine abuse]]
*[[Cocaine abuse]]
*[[Coccidioidomycosis]]
*[[Coccidioidomycosis]]
*[[Coenzyme Q cytochrome c reductase deficiency]]
*[[Coenzyme Q cytochrome c reductase deficiency]]
*[[Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency]]
*[[Coenzyme Q10#Cardiac and Vascular Disease|Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency]]
*[[Congenital disorders of glycosylation type 1a]]
*[[Congenital disorders of glycosylation]]
*[[Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 2]]
*[[Congenital generalized lipodystrophy]]
*[[Coronary artery disease]]
*[[Coronary artery disease]]
*[[Costello syndrome]]
*[[Costello syndrome]]
*[[Coxsackie A virus]]
*[[Coxsackie A virus]]
*[[Coxsackieviruses B1 and B5]]
*[[Coxsackie B|Coxsackieviruses B1 and B5]]
*[[Cryptococcosis]]
*[[Cryptococcosis]]
*[[Cushing syndrome]]
*[[Cushing syndrome]]
*[[Cyclophosphamide]]
*[[Cyclophosphamide]]
*[[Cysticercosis]]
*[[Cysticercosis]]
*[[Cytarabine]]
*[[Cytochrome c oxidase deficiency]]
*[[Cytochrome c oxidase deficiency]]
*[[Cytomegalovirus]]
*[[Cytomegalovirus]]
*[[D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency]]
*[[D2HGDH|d-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency]]
*[[Dasatinib]]
*[[Dasatinib]]
*[[Daunorubicin]]
*[[Daunorubicin]]
*[[Dermatomyositis]]
*[[Dermatomyositis]]
*[[Desmin myopathy]]
*[[Desmin-related myofibrillar myopathy]]
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Diabetes mellitus]]
*[[Diabetes mellitus]]
*[[Diptheria]]
*[[Diptheria]]
*[[Disopyramide]]
*[[Disopyramide]]
*[[Doxorubicin]]
*[[Doxorubicin Hydrochloride]]
*[[Echovirus]]
*[[Echovirus]]
*[[Emery-dreifuss muscular dystrophy]]
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Electrical injury]]
*[[Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy]]
*[[End-stage renal disease]]
*[[End-stage renal disease]]
*[[Endocardial fibroelastosis]]
*[[Endocardial fibroelastosis]]
*[[Endomyocardial fibrosis]]
*[[Endomyocardial fibrosis]]
*[[Endothall poisoning]]
*[[Herbicide|Endothall poisoning]]
*[[Enterococci]]
*[[Enterococci]]
*[[Epirubicin]]
*[[Epirubicin]]
*[[Epstein-Barr virus]]
*[[Epstein-Barr virus]]
*[[Fabry disease]]
*[[Fabry disease]]
*[[Facio-cardio-musculo-skeletal syndrome]]
*[[Familial cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Familial cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Familial cutaneous collagenoma]]
*Familial cutaneous collagenoma<ref name="Dawn-">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Dawn | first1 = ME. | last2 = Deng | first2 = AC. | last3 = Petrali | first3 = J. | last4 = Wessely | first4 = C. | last5 = Jaffe | first5 = D. | last6 = Gaspari | first6 = AA. | title = Familial cutaneous collagenoma. | journal = Skinmed | volume = 7 | issue = 1 | pages = 43-5 | month =  | year =  | doi =  | PMID = 18174804 }}</ref>
*[[Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Cardiomyopathy|Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Fatty acid oxidation disorders]]
*[[Fatty infiltration of the heart]]
*[[Fenfluramine]]
*[[Fenfluramine]]
*[[Filariasis]]
*[[Filariasis]]
Line 308: Line 229:
*[[Glycogen storage diseases]]
*[[Glycogen storage diseases]]
*[[Gout]]
*[[Gout]]
*[[Hand-Schuller-Christian syndrome]]
*[[Histiocytosis|Hand-Schuller-Christian syndrome]]
*[[Heatstroke]]
*[[Heatstroke]]
*[[Hemochromatosis]]
*[[Hemochromatosis]]
Line 322: Line 243:
*[[Hypertension]]
*[[Hypertension]]
*[[Hyperthyroidism]]
*[[Hyperthyroidism]]
*[[Hypertrichotic osteochondrodysplasia (Cantu syndrome)]]
*[[Cantu syndrome|Hypertrichotic osteochondrodysplasia]]
*[[Hypocalcemia]]
*[[Hypocalcemia]]
*[[Hypokalemia]]
*[[Hypokalemia]]
Line 331: Line 252:
*[[Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Imatinib]]
*[[Imatinib]]
*[[Inflammatory myocarditis]]
*[[Ixabepilone]]
*[[myocarditis]]
*[[Influenza]]
*[[Influenza]]
*[[Interferon-alfa]]
*[[Interferon-alpha]]
*[[Isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]
*[[Isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]
*[[Kawasaki disease]]
*[[Kawasaki disease]]
Line 340: Line 262:
*[[Kwashiorkor]]
*[[Kwashiorkor]]
*[[Laing distal myopathy]]
*[[Laing distal myopathy]]
*[[LAMA2-related muscular dystrophy]]
*[[Congenital muscular dystrophy|LAMA2-related muscular dystrophy]]
*[[Lead]]
*[[Lead]]
*[[Left ventricular noncompaction]]
*[[Left ventricular noncompaction]]
Line 346: Line 268:
*[[Leptospirosis]]
*[[Leptospirosis]]
*[[Leukemia]]
*[[Leukemia]]
*[[Lightning strike]]
*[[Loa loa filariasis|Loa loa]]
*[[Loa loa]]
*[[Loeffler endocarditis]]
*[[Loeffler endocarditis]]
*[[Long-chain Acyl Coa dehydrogenase deficiency]]
*[[Lyme disease]]
*[[Long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency|Long-chain Acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]
*[[Malaria]]
*[[Malaria]]
*[[Malonic aciduria]]
*[[Malonic aciduria]]
*[[Malonyl-Coa decarboxylase deficiency]]
*[[McLeod syndrome]]
*[[McLeod syndrome]]
*[[Measles]]
*[[Measles]]
*[[MELAS syndrome]]
*[[MELAS syndrome]]
*[[Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, recessive type]]
*[[Metastatic cancer]]
*[[Metastatic cancers]]
*[[Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency]]
*[[Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency]]
*[[Mitoxantrone]]
*[[Mitoxantrone]]
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Mucopolysaccharidoses]]
*[[Mucopolysaccharidoses]]
*[[Multiple lentigines syndrome]]
*[[Multiple lentigines syndrome]]
Line 366: Line 285:
*[[Muscular dystrophy]]
*[[Muscular dystrophy]]
*[[Myocarditis]]
*[[Myocarditis]]
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Myxomas]]
*[[Myxomas]]
*[[Naxos disease]]
*[[Naxos disease]]
Line 371: Line 291:
*[[Niemann-Pick disease]]
*[[Niemann-Pick disease]]
*[[Noonan syndrome]]
*[[Noonan syndrome]]
*[[Obesity--colitis--hypothyroidism-cardiac hypertrophy--developmental delay]]
*Obesity--colitis--hypothyroidism-cardiac hypertrophy--developmental delay<ref name="Tan-2007">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Tan | first1 = TY. | last2 = Amor | first2 = DJ. | title = Obesity, hypothyroidism, craniosynostosis, cardiac hypertrophy, colitis, and developmental delay: a novel syndrome. | journal = Am J Med Genet A | volume = 143 | issue = 2 | pages = 114-8 | month = Jan | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1002/ajmg.a.31548 | PMID = 17163533 }}</ref>
*[[Obstructive sleep apnea]]
*[[Obstructive sleep apnea]]
*[[Oxalosis]]
*[[Oxalosis]]
Line 377: Line 297:
*[[Paracetamol]]
*[[Paracetamol]]
*[[Paraneoplastic syndromes]]
*[[Paraneoplastic syndromes]]
*[[Peplomycin]]
*[[Bleomycin|Peplomycin]]
*[[Peripartum cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Peripartum cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Pertussis]]
*[[Pertussis]]
*[[Pheochromocytoma]]
*[[Pheochromocytoma]]
*[[Pirarubicin]]
*[[Anthracyclines|Pirarubicin]]
*[[Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA)]]
*[[Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta]]
*[[Pixantrone]]
*[[Pixantrone]]
*[[Poliomyelitis]]
*[[Poliomyelitis]]
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]]
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]]
*[[Polycythemia vera]]
*[[Polycythemia vera]]
*[[Pompe disease]]
*[[Glycogen storage disease type II|Pompe disease]]
*[[Porphyria]]
*[[Porphyria]]
*[[Prolonged QT syndrome]]
*[[Prolonged QT syndrome]]
*[[Pseudoxanthoma elasticum]]
*[[Pseudoxanthoma elasticum]]
*[[Psittacosis]]
*[[Psittacosis]]
*[[Q-fever]]
*[[Q fever]]
*[[Rabies]]
*[[Rabies]]
*[[Radiation]]
*[[Radiation]]
*[[Refsum disease]]
*[[Refsum disease]]
*[[Respiratory chain complex I deficiency]]
*[[NADH dehydrogenase|Respiratory chain complex I deficiency]]
*[[Rhabdomyoma]]
*[[Rhabdomyoma]]
*[[Rheumatic fever]]
*[[Rheumatic fever]]
*[[Rheumatoid arthritis]]
*[[Rheumatoid arthritis]]
*[[Rocky mountain spotted fever]]
*[[Rocky mountain spotted fever]]
*[[S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency]]
*[[Adenosylhomocysteinase|S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency]]
*[[Salih myopathy]]
*[[Salih myopathy]]
*[[Sarcoglycanopathy]]
*[[SGCG|Sarcoglycanopathy]]
*[[Sarcoidosis]]
*[[Sarcoidosis]]
*[[Sarcomas]]
*[[Sarcomas]]
*[[Sarcosporidiosis]]
*[[Sarcocystis|Sarcosporidiosis]]
*[[Schistosomiasis]]
*[[Schistosomiasis]]
*[[Scurvy]]
*[[Scurvy]]
Line 413: Line 333:
*[[Staphylococcus]]
*[[Staphylococcus]]
*[[Streptomycin]]
*[[Streptomycin]]
*[[Stress-induced cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Takotsubo cardiomyopathy|Stress-induced cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Subacute necrotising encephalomyelopathy (Leigh's disease)]]
*[[Leigh's disease|Subacute necrotising encephalomyelopathy]]
*[[Sunitinib]]
*[[Sunitinib]]
*[[Syndromic microphthalmia type 7]]
*[[Oculofaciocardiodental syndrome|Syndromic microphthalmia type 7]]
*[[Syphilis]]
*[[Syphilis]]
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]
Line 428: Line 348:
*[[Trastuzumab]]
*[[Trastuzumab]]
*[[Trichinosis]]
*[[Trichinosis]]
*[[Tricyclic anti-depressant abuse]]
*[[Tricyclic anti-depressant#Overdose|Tricyclic anti-depressant overdose]]
*[[Triosephosphate isomerase deficiency]]
*[[Triosephosphate isomerase deficiency]]
*[[Tuberculosis]]
*[[Tuberculosis]]
Line 435: Line 355:
*[[Valrubicin]]
*[[Valrubicin]]
*[[Varicella-zoster virus]]
*[[Varicella-zoster virus]]
*[[Vitamin D overdose]]
*[[Hypervitaminosis D|Vitamin D overdose]]
*[[WAGR syndrome]]
*[[WAGR syndrome]]
*[[Whipple's disease]]
*[[Whipple's disease]]
*[[Wolfram syndrome]]
*[[Wolfram syndrome]]
*[[X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy]]
*X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy<ref name="Towbin-1993">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Towbin | first1 = JA. | last2 = Hejtmancik | first2 = JF. | last3 = Brink | first3 = P. | last4 = Gelb | first4 = B. | last5 = Zhu | first5 = XM. | last6 = Chamberlain | first6 = JS. | last7 = McCabe | first7 = ER. | last8 = Swift | first8 = M. | title = X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy. Molecular genetic evidence of linkage to the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (dystrophin) gene at the Xp21 locus. | journal = Circulation | volume = 87 | issue = 6 | pages = 1854-65 | month = Jun | year = 1993 | doi =  | PMID = 8504498 }}</ref>
*[[X-linked fatal infantile cardiomyopathy]]
*X-linked fatal infantile cardiomyopathy<ref name="Gedeon-1995">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Gedeon | first1 = AK. | last2 = Wilson | first2 = MJ. | last3 = Colley | first3 = AC. | last4 = Sillence | first4 = DO. | last5 = Mulley | first5 = JC. | title = X linked fatal infantile cardiomyopathy maps to Xq28 and is possibly allelic to Barth syndrome. | journal = J Med Genet | volume = 32 | issue = 5 | pages = 383-8 | month = May | year = 1995 | doi =  | PMID = 7616547 }}</ref>
*[[Yunis-Varon syndrome]]
*[[Yunis-Varon syndrome]]
{{col-end}}
{{col-end}}


=== Genetic Causes of Cardiomyopathy===
===Cardiomyopathies and Genetics===
Genetic causes of cardiomyopathies.<ref name="pmid11805847">{{cite journal | author = Towbin JA, Bowles NE | title = The failing heart | journal = [[Nature]] | volume = 415 | issue = 6868 | pages = 227–33 | year = 2002 | month = January | pmid = 11805847 | doi = 10.1038/415227a | url = http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/415227a | issn = }}</ref>


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; border;1px"  
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; border;1px"  
Line 457: Line 378:
|  ||  || 2q35 || [[desmin]] || Desmin || Desmin myopathy  
|  ||  || 2q35 || [[desmin]] || Desmin || Desmin myopathy  
|-
|-
|  ||  || 5q33 || [[sarcoglycan| δ-sarcoglycan]]  || δ-sarcoglycan || [[Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy| Limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2F ]]
|  ||  || 5q33 || [[sarcoglycan| δ-sarcoglycan]]  || δ-sarcoglycan || [[Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy| Limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2F]]
|-
|-
|  ||  || 1q32 || [[Troponin T]]  || [[Troponin T]] ||  
|  ||  || 1q32 || [[Troponin T]]  || [[Troponin T]] ||  
Line 485: Line 406:
|  ||  || 3p21 || myosin regulatory light chain|| myosin regulatory light chain ||
|  ||  || 3p21 || myosin regulatory light chain|| myosin regulatory light chain ||
|-
|-
|  ||  || 2p31 || titin || Titin ||
|  ||  || 2p31 || Titin || Titin ||
|-
|-
| [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]] with [[Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome]] ||  || 7q3 || AMPK || AMPK ||
| [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]] with [[Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]] ||  || 7q3 || AMPK || AMPK ||
|-
|-
| ||  || MIDINA || Mitochondrial respiratory chain || Mitochondrial respiratory chain || Mitochondrial myopathy
| ||  || MIDINA || Mitochondrial respiratory chain || Mitochondrial respiratory chain || Mitochondrial myopathy
Line 496: Line 417:
|-
|-
|}
|}
Table from article *{{cite web | title=The Failing Heart| work=Nature | url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v415/n6868/full/415227a.html}} June 15, 2007


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}


[[Category:Crowdiagnosis]]
[[Category:Best pages]]
[[Category:Best pages]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
Line 510: Line 428:
[[Category:Up-To-Date cardiology]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date cardiology]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
{{WH}}
{{WS}}

Latest revision as of 03:34, 27 October 2023

Cardiomyopathy Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Edzel Lorraine Co, DMD, MD[2]

Overview

There are numerous causes of cardiomyopathies depending on the type in question. Some of the causes include: genetic (e.g. hereditary spherocytosis, familial cardiomyopathy, Friedreich's ataxia); metabolic (e.g. beriberi, Gaucher's disease, uremia); and infectious (e.g. adenovirus, african trypanosomiasis, arbovirus, ascariasis). Cardiomyopathies usually have an insidious onset but life-threatening causes including acute coronary syndrome, electrolyte imbalance, and cocaine abuse which must be identified and managed accordingly. Other common causes include alcoholism, diabetes mellitus, and hypothyroidism.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.[1]

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, arterial calcification of infancy, Brugada syndrome, cardiac transplant rejection, cardiomyopathy-renal anomalies,[2] chronic tachycardia, coronary artery disease, cytochrome C oxidase deficiency, endomyocardial fibrosis, eosinophilic endomyocardial disease, giant cell myocarditis, hypertension, Keshan disease , left ventricular noncompaction, Loeffler endocarditis, myocarditis, Naxos disease, obesity-colitis-hypothyroidism-cardiac hypertrophy-developmental delay,[3] prolonged QT syndrome, X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy,[4] X-linked fatal infantile cardiomyopathy[5]
Chemical / poisoning Arsenic, cobalt, endothall, ethanol, lead, thallium, allylamine, carbon monoxide, toxic mushrooms
Dermatologic Familial cutaneous collagenoma,[6] lentiginosis, dermatomyositis, Carvajal-Huerta syndrome, Hand-Schuller-Christian syndrome, McLeod syndrome, multiple lentigines syndrome, Naxos disease, pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta, Refsum disease
Drug Side Effect 5-fluorouracil, aclarubicin, actinomycin D, alemtuzumab, amrubicin, bleomycin, Benzphetamine, capecitabine, certolizumab pegol, Cidofovir, cisplatin, clozapine, cyclophosphamide, Cytarabine, dasatinib, daunorubicin, Dextroamphetamine, disopyramide, Doxorubicin Hydrochloride, epirubicin, fenfluramine, hydralazine, hydroxychloroquine, idarubicin, imatinib, interferon-alpha, Interferon alfa-2b , Ixabepilone, Megestrol, mitoxantrone, paclitaxel, paracetamol, Pegylated interferon alfa-2b, pirarubicin, pixantrone, streptomycin, sunitinib, tacrolimus, Trametinib, trastuzumab, tricyclic anti-depressant abuse, Valdecoxib, valrubicin
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Acromegaly, amyloidosis, carcinoid syndrome, celiac disease, cushing syndrome, diabetes mellitus, gout, hemochromatosis, hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, obesity-colitis-hypothyroidism-cardiac hypertrophy developmental delay,[3] paraneoplastic syndromes, pheochromocytoma, pituitary tumor, WAGR syndrome, Whipple's disease
Environmental Heatstroke, hypothermia, lightning strike, radiation
Gastroenterologic Hemochromatosis, obesity-colitis-hypothyroidism-cardiac hypertrophy-developmental delay complex, [3]Whipple's disease
Genetic Alpers' disease, Borud syndrome, Brugada syndrome, Carvajal-Huerta syndrome, congenital disorders of glycosylation, congenital generalized lipodystrophy, Costello syndrome, cytochrome C oxidase deficiency, desmin-related myofibrillar myopathy, Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, familial cardiomyopathy, Friedreich's ataxia, hereditary spherocytosis, Hurler syndrome, Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, hypertrichotic osteochondrodysplasia, Keshan disease, Laing distal myopathy, LAMA2-related muscular dystrophy, mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency, multiple lentigines syndrome, muscular dystrophy, Naxos disease, Noonan syndrome, porphyria, prolonged QT syndrome, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, Refsum disease, respiratory chain complex I deficiency, Salih myopathy, sarcoglycanopathy, syndromic microphthalmia type 7, WAGR syndrome, X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy, [4] X-linked fatal infantile cardiomyopathy, [5] Yunis-Varon syndrome
Hematologic Hereditary spherocytosis
Iatrogenic Cardiac irradiation
Infectious Disease Adenovirus, african trypanosomiasis, arbovirus, ascariasis, aspergillosis, beta-hemolytic streptococci, blastomycosis, brucella, Chagas disease, coccidioidomycosis, coxsackie A virus, coxsackie virus B1-B5, cryptococcosis, cysticercosis, cytomegalovirus, diptheria, echovirus, enterococci, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), filariasis, flavivirus, histoplasmosis, HIV, influenza, leishmaniasis, leptospirosis, loeffler endocarditis, Lyme disease, malaria, measles, mumps, pertussis, poliomyelitis, psittacosis, Q fever, rabies, rheumatic fever, rocky mountain spotted fever, sarcosporidiosis, schistosomiasis, staphylococcus, syphilis, tetanus, toxoplasmosis, trichinosis, tuberculosis, typhoid fever, varicella-zoster virus
Musculoskeletal / Ortho Arthrogryposis due to muscular dystrophy, cytochrome c oxidase deficiency, dermatomyositis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, Hand-Schuller-Christian Syndrome, Kearns-Sayre syndrome, mitochondrial myopathy, muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy
Neurologic Alpers' disease, d-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency, Friedreich's ataxia, Hand-Schuller-Christian Syndrome, Kearns-Sayre syndrome, MELAS syndrome, Whipple's disease
Nutritional / Metabolic 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, beriberi, Borud syndrome, carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1a, carnitine deficiency, Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency, coenzyme Q cytochrome c reductase deficiency, congenital disorder of glycosylation, cytochrome C Oxidase deficiency, d-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency, Fabry disease, gangliosidosis, Gaucher's disease, glutaric acidemia type 2, gout, hemochromatosis, Hunter syndrome, Hurler syndrome, isobutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency, Keshan disease, kwashiorkor, long-chain Acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, malonic aciduria, MELAS syndrome, mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency, mucopolysaccharidoses, Niemann-Pick disease, niacin deficiency, oxalosis, paraneoplastic syndromes, Pompe disease, porphyria, Refsum disease, respiratory chain complex I deficiency, s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency, scurvy, selenium deficiency, subacute necrotising encephalomyelopathy, triosephosphate isomerase deficiency, uremia, vitamin B deficiency, vitamin D overdose
Obstetric/Gynecologic Peripartum cardiomyopathy
Oncologic Angioma, myxomas, pituitary tumour, rhabdomyoma, sarcoma, leukemia, WAGR syndrome, carcinoid syndrome
Ophthalmologic Hand-Schuller-Christian syndrome, syndromic microphthalmia type 7, myotonic dystrophy, WAGR syndrome
Overdose / Toxicity Alcohol, cobalt poisoning, cocaine abuse, oxalosis, paracetamol, tricyclic antidepressant, vitamin D overdose
Psychiatric Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte Cardiomyopathy-renal anomalies,[2] hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, uremia, WAGR syndrome, MELAS syndrome
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Gout, Kawasaki disease, polyarteritis nodosa, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Black widow spider bite, cardiac transplant rejection, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency, obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, stress-induced cardiomyopathy

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Cardiomyopathies and Genetics

Genetic causes of cardiomyopathies.[7]

Phenotype Inheritance Pattern Chromosomal Locus Gene Protein Skeletal Myopathy
Dilated cardiomyopathy X-linked Xp21 dystrophin Dystrophin Duchenne / Becker muscular dystrophy
X-linked Xq28 G4.5 Tafazzin Barth syndrome
Autosomal dominant 15q14 actin Actin Nemaline myopathy
2q35 desmin Desmin Desmin myopathy
5q33 δ-sarcoglycan δ-sarcoglycan Limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2F
1q32 Troponin T Troponin T
14q11 β-myosin heavy chain β-myosin heavy chain
15q2 α-tropomyosin α-tropomyosin Nemaline myopathy
Midna Mitochondrial respiratory chain Mitochondrial respiratory chain Mitochondrial myopathy
Dilated cardiomyopathy with conduction disease Autosomal dominant 1q21 lamin A/C Lamin A/C Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Autosomal dominant 14q11 β-myosin heavy chain β-myosin heavy chain
14q11 β-myosin heavy chain β-myosin heavy chain
1q32 Troponin T Troponin T
12q23 Troponin T Troponin T
15q2 α-tropomyosin α-tropomyosin Nemaline myopathy
11q11 myosin-binding protein C myosin-binding protein C
3p21 myosin essential light chain myosin essential light chain
3p21 myosin regulatory light chain myosin regulatory light chain
2p31 Titin Titin
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome 7q3 AMPK AMPK
MIDINA Mitochondrial respiratory chain Mitochondrial respiratory chain Mitochondrial myopathy
Left ventricular noncompaction X-linked Xq28 G4.5 Tafazzin Barth syndrome
Autosomal dominant 18q12 α-dystrobrevin α-dystrobrevin Muscular dystrophy

References

  1. ↑ Sisakian H (June 2014). "Cardiomyopathies: Evolution of pathogenesis concepts and potential for new therapies". World J Cardiol. 6 (6): 478–94. doi:10.4330/wjc.v6.i6.478. PMID 24976920.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Leask, KM.; Kerr, B.; Ladusans, E. (2007). "Cardiomyopathy with renal anomalies in two siblings: a new recessive syndrome?". Clin Dysmorphol. 16 (1): 51–3. doi:10.1097/MCD.0b013e328010caa9. PMID 17159516. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Tan, TY.; Amor, DJ. (2007). "Obesity, hypothyroidism, craniosynostosis, cardiac hypertrophy, colitis, and developmental delay: a novel syndrome". Am J Med Genet A. 143 (2): 114–8. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.31548. PMID 17163533. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Towbin, JA.; Hejtmancik, JF.; Brink, P.; Gelb, B.; Zhu, XM.; Chamberlain, JS.; McCabe, ER.; Swift, M. (1993). "X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy. Molecular genetic evidence of linkage to the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (dystrophin) gene at the Xp21 locus". Circulation. 87 (6): 1854–65. PMID 8504498. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Gedeon, AK.; Wilson, MJ.; Colley, AC.; Sillence, DO.; Mulley, JC. (1995). "X linked fatal infantile cardiomyopathy maps to Xq28 and is possibly allelic to Barth syndrome". J Med Genet. 32 (5): 383–8. PMID 7616547. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Dawn, ME.; Deng, AC.; Petrali, J.; Wessely, C.; Jaffe, D.; Gaspari, AA. "Familial cutaneous collagenoma". Skinmed. 7 (1): 43–5. PMID 18174804.
  7. ↑ Towbin JA, Bowles NE (2002). "The failing heart". Nature. 415 (6868): 227–33. doi:10.1038/415227a. PMID 11805847. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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