Sleep apnea causes: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 00:12, 30 July 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saarah T. Alkhairy, M.D.

Overview

Sleep apnea may be commonly caused by a large neck/abodminal circumference (e.g. obese individuals), administration of medications, diseases that narrow the respiratory airways (e.g. enlarged adenoids, enlarged tonsils), diseases that affect the central nervous system (e.g. cerebrovascular accident, spinal cord injury), or infectious diseases (e.g. polio).

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ Systems

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Elosulfase alfa, galsulfase, laronidase
Ear Nose Throat	Enlarged adenoids, enlarged tonsils, malformations of the nose, malformations of the throat
Endocrine	Diabetic neuropathy, hypothyroidism
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Gastroesophageal reflux
Genetic	Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Hallermann-Streiff syndrome, Joubert syndrome, Marfan syndrome, muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy, Potocki-Lupski syndrome, WAGR syndrome
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	Postoperative complication
Infectious Disease	Common cold, meningoencephalitis, post-polio syndrome, sinusitis, tonsilitis
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	Muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy
Neurologic	Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Arnold-Chiari malformation, cerebrovascular accident, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, diabetic neuropathy, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, Joubert syndrome, multiple system atrophy, post-polio syndrome, spinal cord injury
Nutritional/Metabolic	Hurler syndrome, metabolic syndrome, obesity, Pompe disease
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	Alcohol intoxication, opioid overdose
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
Renal/Electrolyte	Chronic kidney disease
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Spinal cord injury
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

Template:WikiDoc Sources

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
 {{Sleep apnea}}
-{{CMG}};
+{{CMG}} {{AE}} Saarah T. Alkhairy, M.D.
 ==Overview==
+Sleep apnea may be commonly caused by a large neck/abodminal circumference (e.g. obese individuals), administration of medications, diseases that narrow the respiratory airways (e.g. [[enlarged adenoids]], [[Palatine tonsil#Tonsillar hypertrophy|enlarged tonsils]]), diseases that affect the [[central nervous system]] (e.g. [[cerebrovascular accident]], [[spinal cord injury]]), or infectious diseases (e.g. [[polio]]).
 ==Causes==
 ===Life Threatening Causes===
-"Those conditions that can cause death and/or permanent disability within the next 24 hours."
+Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
+*[[Cerebrovascular accident]]
+*[[Obesity hypoventilation syndrome]]
+*[[Opioids#Mortality and Overdose|Opioid overdose]]
+*[[Post-polio syndrome]]
+*[[Postoperative complication]]
+*[[Spinal cord injury]]
 ===Common Causes===
+*[[Common cold]]
+*[[Diabetic neuropathy]]
+*[[Enlarged adenoids]]
+*[[Palatine tonsil#Tonsillar hypertrophy|Enlarged tonsils]]
+*[[Hypothyroidism]]
+*[[Obesity]]
+*[[Opioids#Mortality and Overdose|Opioid overdose]]
+*[[Postoperative complication]]
+*[[Sinusitis]]
+*[[Tonsilitis]]
 ===Causes by Organ Systems===
@@ Line 17: / Line 35: @@
 |style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
-| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
 |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Dental'''
-| '''Dental'''
 |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Dermatologic'''
-| '''Dermatologic'''
 |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Drug Side Effect'''
-| '''Drug Side Effect'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Elosulfase alfa]], [[galsulfase]], [[laronidase]]
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Enlarged adenoids]], [[Palatine tonsil#Tonsillar hypertrophy|enlarged tonsils]], malformations of the nose, malformations of the throat
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Endocrine'''
-| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Diabetic neuropathy]], [[hypothyroidism]]
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
-[[Enlarged adenoids]],
-[[enlarged tonsils]],
-[[nose abnormality]],
-[[throat abnormality]]
-|-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-| '''Endocrine'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
-[[Diabetic autonomic neuropathy]],
-[[hypothyroidism]]
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Environmental'''
-| '''Environmental'''
 |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Gastroenterologic'''
-| '''Gastroenterologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Gastroesophageal reflux]]
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Gastroesophageal reflux]]
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Genetic'''
-| '''Genetic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease]], [[Hallermann-Streiff syndrome]], [[Joubert syndrome]], [[Marfan syndrome]], [[muscular dystrophy]], [[myotonic dystrophy]], [[Potocki-Lupski syndrome]], [[WAGR syndrome]]
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
-[[Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A disease]],
-[[Hallermann-Streiff syndrome]],
-[[Joubert syndrome]],
-[[Marfan syndrome]],
-[[muscular dystrophy]],
-[[myotonic dystrophy]],
-[[Potocki-Lupski syndrome]],
-[[WAGR syndrome ]]
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Hematologic'''
-| '''Hematologic'''
 |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Iatrogenic'''
-| '''Iatrogenic'''
 |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Postoperative complication]]
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Infectious Disease'''
-| '''Infectious Disease'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Common cold]], [[meningoencephalitis]], [[post-polio syndrome]], [[sinusitis]], [[tonsilitis]]
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
-[[Common cold]],
-[[meningoencephalitis]],
-[[post-polio syndrome]],
-[[sinusitis]],
-[[tonsilitis]]
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
-| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Muscular dystrophy]], [[myotonic dystrophy]]
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
-[[Muscular dystrophy]],
-[[myotonic dystrophy]]
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Neurologic'''
-| '''Neurologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]], [[Arnold-Chiari malformation]], [[cerebrovascular accident]], [[Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease]], [[diabetic neuropathy]], [[idiopathic intracranial hypertension]], [[Joubert syndrome]], [[multiple system atrophy]], [[post-polio syndrome]], [[spinal cord injury]]
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
-[[Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]],
-[[Arnold-Chiari malformation type 2]],
-[[cerebrovascular accident]],
-[[Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A disease]],
-[[diabetic autonomic neuropathy]],
-[[intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri)]],
-[[Joubert syndrome]],
-[[multiple system atrophy]],
-[[post-polio syndrome]],
-[[spinal cord injury]]
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
-| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hurler syndrome]], [[metabolic syndrome]], [[obesity]], [[Glycogen storage disease type II|Pompe disease]]
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
-[[Glycogen storage disease type II|Pompe disease)]],
-[[Hurler syndrome]],
-[[metabolic syndrome]],
-[[obesity]]
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
-| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
 |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Oncologic'''
-| '''Oncologic'''
 |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Ophthalmologic'''
-| '''Ophthalmologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
-[[Glaucoma-sleep apnea syndrome]]
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
-| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alcoholism|Alcohol intoxication]], [[Opioids#Mortality and Overdose|opioid overdose]]
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
-[[Alcohol]] intoxication,
-[[Opioids]]
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Psychiatric'''
-| '''Psychiatric'''
 |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Pulmonary'''
-| '''Pulmonary'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Obesity hypoventilation syndrome]]
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
-[[Glaucoma-sleep apnea syndrome]],
-[[obesity hypoventilation syndrome]]
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
-| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic kidney disease]]
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[End-stage renal disease]]
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
-| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
 |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Sexual'''
-| '''Sexual'''
 |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Trauma'''
-| '''Trauma'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Spinal cord injury]]
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Urologic'''
-| '''Urologic'''
 |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Miscellaneous'''
-| '''Miscellaneous'''
 |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
 |-
@@ Line 170: / Line 121: @@
 {{col-begin|width=80%}}
 {{col-break|width=33%}}
+*[[Arnold-Chiari malformation]]
 *[[Cerebrovascular accident]]
-*[[Charcot-Marie-tooth type 1a disease]]
+*[[Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease]]
+*[[Chronic kidney disease]]
 *[[Common cold]]
-*[[Diabetic autonomic neuropathy]]
+*[[Diabetic neuropathy]]
-*[[End-stage renal disease]]
 *[[Enlarged adenoids]]
-*[[Enlarged tonsils]]
+*[[Palatine tonsil#Tonsillar hypertrophy|Enlarged tonsils]]
 *[[Gastroesophageal reflux]]
-*[[Glaucoma-sleep apnea syndrome]]
+*[[Glycogen storage disease type II]]
-*[[Glycogen storage disease type II (Pompe disease)]]
+*[[Hallermann-Streiff syndrome]]
-*[[Hallermann-streiff syndrome]]
 {{col-break|width=33%}}
 *[[Hurler syndrome]]
 *[[Hypothyroidism]]
-*[[Intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri)]]
+*[[Idiopathic intracranial hypertension]]
 *[[Joubert syndrome]]
+*[[Laronidase]]
+*Malformations of the nose
+*Malformations of the throat
 *[[Marfan syndrome]]
 *[[Meningoencephalitis]]
@@ Line 192: / Line 145: @@
 *[[Multiple system atrophy]]
 *[[Muscular dystrophy]]
+{{col-break|width=33%}}
 *[[Myotonic dystrophy]]
-*[[Nose abnormality]]
-{{col-break|width=33%}}
 *[[Obesity]]
 *[[Obesity hypoventilation syndrome]]
-*[[Opioids]]
+*[[Opioid]]
+*[[Post-polio syndrome]]
 *[[Postoperative complication]]
-*[[Post-polio syndrome]]
+*[[Potocki-Lupski syndrome]]
-*[[Potocki-lupski syndrome]]
 *[[Sinusitis]]
 *[[Spinal cord injury]]
-*[[Throat abnormality]]
 *[[Tonsilitis]]
 *[[WAGR syndrome ]]
 {{col-end}}
+==References==
+{{Reflist|2}}
+{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
+{{WikiDoc Sources}}
+[[Category:Crowdiagnosis]]
+[[Category:Pulmonology]]