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__NOTOC__
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{{template:Premature atrial contraction}}
{{Ventricular tachycardia}}
{{CMG}}; {{M.P}}
{{CMG}} ; {{AE}} {{Sara.Zand}} {{M.P}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
[[Smoking]], [[alcohol]], and [[coffee]] are considered potential precipitants of premature atrial contraction.
Common risk factors associated with [[VT]]/ [[VF]] include prior history of [[hypertension]], Prior [[MI]], [[ST-segment]] changes at presentation, [[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]. Risk factors of occurrence of [[VF]] before [[ primary PCI]] in [[STEMI]] [[patients]] include [[alcohol]] consumption, preinfarction [[angina]], [[ anterior infarct ]] location, complete [[coronary ]] occlusion at the time of [[coronary angiography]]. Risk factors associated with [[VT]]/ [[VF]] after [[primary PCI]] include lower [[ blood pressure]], higher [[heart rate]], poor [[coronary flow ]] at the end of the [[procedure]], incomplete [[resolution]] of [[ST elevation]]. Risk factors associated with [[monomorphic VT]]  early after [[CABG]] include [[prior]] [[MI]], [[ventricular scar]], [[LV]] dysfunction, placement of a [[bypass graft]] across a [[noncollateralized]] occluded [[coronary]] vessel to a chronic [[infarct]] zone.


==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==
Common risk factors associated with [[VT]]/ [[VF]] include:<ref name="Al-KhatibGranger2002">{{cite journal|last1=Al-Khatib|first1=Sana M.|last2=Granger|first2=Christopher B.|last3=Huang|first3=Yao|last4=Lee|first4=Kerry L.|last5=Califf|first5=Robert M.|last6=Simoons|first6=Maarten L.|last7=Armstrong|first7=Paul W.|last8=Van de Werf|first8=Frans|last9=White|first9=Harvey D.|last10=Simes|first10=R. John|last11=Moliterno|first11=David J.|last12=Topol|first12=Eric J.|last13=Harrington|first13=Robert A.|title=Sustained Ventricular Arrhythmias Among Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes With No ST-Segment Elevation|journal=Circulation|volume=106|issue=3|year=2002|pages=309–312|issn=0009-7322|doi=10.1161/01.CIR.0000022692.49934.E3}}</ref>


*[[alcoholism|Alcohol intake]]
*Prior history of [[hypertension]]
*[[caffeine|Coffee intake]]
* Prior [[MI]]
*[[Exercise]]
* [[ST-segment]] changes at presentation
*[[Smoking]]
* [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]
*[[Stress]]
*:Common risk factors associated with the occurrence of [[VF]] before [[ primary PCI]] in [[STEMI]] [[patients]] include:<ref name="pmid25559012">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jabbari R, Engstrøm T, Glinge C, Risgaard B, Jabbari J, Winkel BG, Terkelsen CJ, Tilsted HH, Jensen LO, Hougaard M, Chiuve SE, Pedersen F, Svendsen JH, Haunsø S, Albert CM, Tfelt-Hansen J |title=Incidence and risk factors of ventricular fibrillation before primary angioplasty in patients with first ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a nationwide study in Denmark |journal=J Am Heart Assoc |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=e001399 |date=January 2015 |pmid=25559012 |pmc=4330064 |doi=10.1161/JAHA.114.001399 |url=}}</ref>
*[[Alcohol]] consumption
* Preinfarction [[angina]]
* [[ Anterior infarct ]] location
* Complete [[coronary ]] occlusion at the time of [[coronary angiography]]
 
*: Common risk factors associated with [[VT]]/ [[VF]] after [[primary PCI]] include:<ref name="pmid19417195">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mehta RH, Starr AZ, Lopes RD, Hochman JS, Widimsky P, Pieper KS, Armstrong PW, Granger CB |title=Incidence of and outcomes associated with ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention |journal=JAMA |volume=301 |issue=17 |pages=1779–89 |date=May 2009 |pmid=19417195 |doi=10.1001/jama.2009.600 |url=}}</ref>
* Lower [[ blood pressure]]
* Higher [[heart rate]]
* Poor [[coronary flow ]] at the end of the [[procedure]]
* Incomplete [[resolution]] of [[ST elevation]]
 
*: Common risk factors associated with [[monomorphic VT]]  early after [[CABG]] include:<ref name="SteinbergGaur1999">{{cite journal|last1=Steinberg|first1=Jonathan S.|last2=Gaur|first2=Abhishek|last3=Sciacca|first3=Robert|last4=Tan|first4=Edith|title=New-Onset Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia After Cardiac Surgery|journal=Circulation|volume=99|issue=7|year=1999|pages=903–908|issn=0009-7322|doi=10.1161/01.CIR.99.7.903}}</ref>
 
* [[Prior]] [[MI]]
* [[Ventricular scar]]
* [[LV]] dysfunction
* Placement of a [[bypass graft]] across a [[noncollateralized]] occluded [[coronary]] vessel to a chronic [[infarct]] zone
 
 
 
Table below shown risk factors related with [[ventricular tachycardia]] :<ref name="pmid38000753">{{cite journal |author=Baerman JM, Morady F, DiCarlo LA, de Buitleir M |title=Differentiation of ventricular tachycardia from supraventricular tachycardia with aberration: value of the clinical history |journal=[[Annals of Emergency Medicine]] |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=40–3|pmid=3800075 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0196-0644(87)80283-4 |issn= |accessdate=2013-08-04}}</ref><ref name="pmid12119245">{{cite journal |vauthors=Al-Khatib SM, Granger CB, Huang Y, Lee KL, Califf RM, Simoons ML, Armstrong PW, Van de Werf F, White HD, Simes RJ, Moliterno DJ, Topol EJ, Harrington RA |title=Sustained ventricular arrhythmias among patients with acute coronary syndromes with no ST-segment elevation: incidence, predictors, and outcomes |journal=Circulation |volume=106 |issue=3 |pages=309–12 |date=July 2002 |pmid=12119245 |doi=10.1161/01.cir.0000022692.49934.e3 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27913400">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ekström K, Lehtonen J, Kandolin R, Räisänen-Sokolowski A, Salmenkivi K, Kupari M |title=Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcome of Life-Threatening Ventricular Arrhythmias in Giant Cell Myocarditis |journal=Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol |volume=9 |issue=12 |pages= |date=December 2016 |pmid=27913400 |doi=10.1161/CIRCEP.116.004559 |url=}}</ref><br />
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! colspan="2" |Risk Factors for Ventricular Tachycardia
|-
!Reversible Risk Factors
|
*[[Antiarrhythmics]]
*[[Amphetamines]]
*[[Cocaine]]
*[[Droperidol]]
*[[Inotropes]]
*[[Phenothiazines]]
*[[Sympathomimetic agents]]
*[[Sympathomimetic agents]]
|-
!Irreversible Risk Factors
|
*[[Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia]]
*[[Channelopathies]]
*[[Hemochromatosis]]
*[[Long QT syndrome]]
*[[Rheumatoid arthritis]]
*[[Sarcoidosis]]
*[[Short QT syndrome]]
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot]]
|-
! colspan="2" |Risk Factors for [[SVT]]
|-
|
*[[Alcohol]]
*[[Anemia]]
*[[Anxiety]]
*[[Caffeine]]
*[[Chocolate]]
*[[Fever]]
*[[Hyperthyroidism]]
*[[Hypokalemia]]
*[[Hypomagnesemia]]
*[[Hypoxia]]
*[[Myocardial ischemia]]
*[[Menstruation]]
*[[Psychological stress]]
*[[Pulmonary embolism]]
*[[Stimulants]]
*[[Tea]]
*[[Theobromine]]
*[[Theophylline]]
|}


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 03:15, 22 May 2021

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Zand, M.D.[2] Mugilan Poongkunran M.B.B.S [3]

Overview

Common risk factors associated with VT/ VF include prior history of hypertension, Prior MI, ST-segment changes at presentation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Risk factors of occurrence of VF before primary PCI in STEMI patients include alcohol consumption, preinfarction angina, anterior infarct location, complete coronary occlusion at the time of coronary angiography. Risk factors associated with VT/ VF after primary PCI include lower blood pressure, higher heart rate, poor coronary flow at the end of the procedure, incomplete resolution of ST elevation. Risk factors associated with monomorphic VT early after CABG include prior MI, ventricular scar, LV dysfunction, placement of a bypass graft across a noncollateralized occluded coronary vessel to a chronic infarct zone.

Risk Factors

Common risk factors associated with VT/ VF include:[1]


Table below shown risk factors related with ventricular tachycardia :[5][6][7]

Risk Factors for Ventricular Tachycardia
Reversible Risk Factors
Irreversible Risk Factors
Risk Factors for SVT

References

  1. ↑ Al-Khatib, Sana M.; Granger, Christopher B.; Huang, Yao; Lee, Kerry L.; Califf, Robert M.; Simoons, Maarten L.; Armstrong, Paul W.; Van de Werf, Frans; White, Harvey D.; Simes, R. John; Moliterno, David J.; Topol, Eric J.; Harrington, Robert A. (2002). "Sustained Ventricular Arrhythmias Among Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes With No ST-Segment Elevation". Circulation. 106 (3): 309–312. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000022692.49934.E3. ISSN 0009-7322.
  2. ↑ Jabbari R, Engstrøm T, Glinge C, Risgaard B, Jabbari J, Winkel BG, Terkelsen CJ, Tilsted HH, Jensen LO, Hougaard M, Chiuve SE, Pedersen F, Svendsen JH, Haunsø S, Albert CM, Tfelt-Hansen J (January 2015). "Incidence and risk factors of ventricular fibrillation before primary angioplasty in patients with first ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a nationwide study in Denmark". J Am Heart Assoc. 4 (1): e001399. doi:10.1161/JAHA.114.001399. PMC 4330064. PMID 25559012.
  3. ↑ Mehta RH, Starr AZ, Lopes RD, Hochman JS, Widimsky P, Pieper KS, Armstrong PW, Granger CB (May 2009). "Incidence of and outcomes associated with ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention". JAMA. 301 (17): 1779–89. doi:10.1001/jama.2009.600. PMID 19417195.
  4. ↑ Steinberg, Jonathan S.; Gaur, Abhishek; Sciacca, Robert; Tan, Edith (1999). "New-Onset Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia After Cardiac Surgery". Circulation. 99 (7): 903–908. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.99.7.903. ISSN 0009-7322.
  5. ↑ Baerman JM, Morady F, DiCarlo LA, de Buitleir M. "Differentiation of ventricular tachycardia from supraventricular tachycardia with aberration: value of the clinical history". Annals of Emergency Medicine. 16 (1): 40–3. PMID 3800075. Retrieved 2013-08-04.
  6. ↑ Al-Khatib SM, Granger CB, Huang Y, Lee KL, Califf RM, Simoons ML, Armstrong PW, Van de Werf F, White HD, Simes RJ, Moliterno DJ, Topol EJ, Harrington RA (July 2002). "Sustained ventricular arrhythmias among patients with acute coronary syndromes with no ST-segment elevation: incidence, predictors, and outcomes". Circulation. 106 (3): 309–12. doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000022692.49934.e3. PMID 12119245.
  7. ↑ Ekström K, Lehtonen J, Kandolin R, Räisänen-Sokolowski A, Salmenkivi K, Kupari M (December 2016). "Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcome of Life-Threatening Ventricular Arrhythmias in Giant Cell Myocarditis". Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 9 (12). doi:10.1161/CIRCEP.116.004559. PMID 27913400.


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