Lung cancer classification: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
 
(52 intermediate revisions by 9 users not shown)
Line 2: Line 2:
{{Lung cancer}}
{{Lung cancer}}


{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' Kim-Son H. Nguyen, M.D., M.P.A., Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, {{CZ}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KSH}} {{CZ}} {{Rim}} {{SH}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
The vast majority of lung cancers are [[carcinoma]]s—malignancies that arise from [[epithelial cell]]s. There are two main types of lung carcinoma, categorized by the size and appearance of the malignant cells seen by a [[histopathology|histopathologist]] under a [[microscope]]: ''non-small cell'' (80.4%) and ''small-cell'' (16.8%) lung carcinoma.<ref name="Travis">{{cite journal | last =Travis | first =WD | coauthors =Travis LB, Devesa SS | title =Lung cancer | journal =Cancer | volume =75 | issue =Suppl. 1 | pages =191–202 | date =Jan 1995 | url = | pmid =8000996 | accessdate = }}</ref> This classification, based on simple [[histology|histological]] criteria, has important implications for clinical management and prognosis of the disease.
Primary lung cancers may be [[Classification|classified]] into [[small cell lung cancer]] (~15%) and [[non small cell lung cancer]] (~85%). [[Non small cell lung cancer]] are a [[heterogeneous]] group of lung cancers that are often grouped together because they share similar clinical features (e.g. [[prognosis]] and management). The 2015 [[World Health Organization|WHO]] [[Histology|histological]] [[classification]] of [[tumors]] of the [[lung]] categorized [[lung]] [[tumors]] into [[malignant]] [[epithelial]] [[tumors]], [[benign]] [[epithelial]] [[tumors]], [[Lymphoproliferative disorders|lymphoproliferative tumors]], miscellaneous [[tumors]], and [[metastatic]] [[tumors]].


==Classification==
==Classification==
Primary lung cancer can be classified into two main categories: small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Primary lung cancers may be [[Classification|classified]] into two main categories:<ref name="WHO">{{cite book | last = Travis | first = William | title = Pathology and genetics of tumours of the lung, pleura, thymus, and heart | publisher = IARC Press | location = Lyon | year = 2004 | isbn = 9283224183 }}</ref>
*[[Small cell lung cancer]] (~15%)
*[[Non small cell lung cancer]] (~85%).


{{Family tree/start}}
{{Family tree/start}}
{{familytree | | | A01 | | | A01= '''Lung cancer'''}}
{{familytree | | | A01 | | | A01= '''Lung Cancer'''}}
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| | }}
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| | }}
{{familytree | B01 | | B02 | B01= <div style="float: left; text-align: left; width: 30em; padding:1em;">'''[[Small cell lung cancer]] (~15%) '''</div>| B02= <div style="float: left; text-align: left; width: 30em; padding:1em;">'''[[Non small cell lung cancer]] (~85%)'''<br>
{{familytree | B01 | | |!| | B01= <div style="float: left; text-align: left; width: 30em; padding:1em;">'''[[Small cell lung cancer]] (~15%) '''</div>}}
[[Squamous cell carcinoma]] (25% of lung cancers) <br>
 
[[Adenocarcinoma]] (40% of lung cancers) <br>
{{familytree | | | | | B02 | B02= <div style="float: left; text-align: left; width: 30em; padding:1em;">'''[[Non small cell lung cancer]] (~85%)'''<br>
[[Large cell carcinoma]] (10% of lung cancers) <br>
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung|Squamous cell carcinoma]] (25% of lung cancers) <br>
Adenosquamous carcinoma <br>
*[[Adenocarcinoma of the lung|Adenocarcinoma]] (40% of lung cancers).
Carcinomas with pleomorphic, sarcomatoid, or sarcomatous elements <br>
*[[Large cell carcinoma of the lung|Large cell carcinoma]] (10% of lung cancers)
Carcinoid tumor <br>
*Other non-small cell lung carcinomas:
Carcinomas of salivary gland type<br>
:*[[Adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung|Adenosquamous carcinoma]] <br>
Unclassified carcinoma </div>}}
:*[[Carcinomas with pleomorphic, sarcomatoid, or sarcomatous elements]] <br>
:*[[Carcinoid tumor of the lung|Carcinoid tumor]] <br>
:*[[Lung carcinoma of salivary gland type|Lung carcinoma of salivary gland type]]<br>
:*[[Unclassified carcinoma of the lung|Unclassified carcinoma]] </div>}}
{{Family tree/end}}
{{Family tree/end}}


===Small Cell Lung Cancer===
==WHO Histological Classification of Tumors of the Lung ==
* [[Small cell carcinoma|Small cell lung carcinoma]] (SCLC, also called "oat cell carcinoma") is less common. It tends to arise in the larger breathing tubes and grows rapidly, becoming quite large.
The [[World Health Organization]] ([[World Health Organization|WHO]]) [[Classification|classifies]] [[tumors]] of the [[lungs]] as follows:<ref name="WHO">{{cite book | last = Travis | first = William | title = Pathology and genetics of tumours of the lung, pleura, thymus, and heart | publisher = IARC Press | location = Lyon | year = 2004 | isbn = 9283224183 }}</ref><ref name="urlwww.jto.org">{{cite web |url=https://www.jto.org/article/S1556-0864(15)33571-1/pdf |title=www.jto.org |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>


* The "oat" cell contains dense neurosecretory granules ([[vesicle (biology)|vesicles]] containing [[neuroendocrine]] [[hormone]]s) which give this an endocrine/paraneoplastic syndrome association.<ref name="Rosti">{{cite journal | last=Rosti | first=G | coauthors=Bevilacqua G, Bidoli P et al. | title=Small cell lung cancer | journal=Annals of Oncology | volume=17 | issue=Suppl. 2 | pages=5–10 | date =Mar 2006 | url=http://annonc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/17/suppl_2/ii5 | pmid=16608983 | doi=10.1093/annonc/mdj910 | accessdate=2007-09-06 }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
 
|+
* While initially more sensitive to chemotherapy, it ultimately carries a worse prognosis and is often metastatic at presentation. This type of lung cancer is strongly associated with smoking.<ref name="Barbone">{{cite journal | last =Barbone | first =F | coauthors=Bovenzi M, Cavallieri F, Stanta G | title =Cigarette smoking and histologic type of lung cancer in men | journal =Chest | volume =112| issue=6 | pages =1474–1479 | publisher =American College of Chest Physicians | date =Dec 1997 | url =http://www.chestjournal.org/cgi/reprint/112/6/1474 | format = PDF | accessdate = 2007-09-07 | pmid = 9404741 }}</ref>
! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" ! | WHO Classification of Lung Tumors
 
|-
===Non Small Cell Lung Cancer===
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Histological type
* The non-small cell lung carcinomas are grouped together because their prognosis and management are similar. There are three main sub-types: [[squamous cell carcinoma|squamous cell lung carcinoma]], [[adenocarcinoma]] and large cell lung carcinoma.
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Subtype
 
|-
* Accounting for 31.1% of lung cancers,<ref name="Travis"/> squamous cell lung carcinoma usually starts near a central [[bronchus]]. Cavitation and [[necrosis]] within the center of the cancer is a common finding. Well-differentiated squamous cell lung cancers often grow more slowly than other cancer types.<ref name="Cancer Medicine">{{cite book | last =Vaporciyan | first =AA | coauthors =Nesbitt JC, Lee JS et al. | title =Cancer Medicine | publisher=B C Decker Inc. | date =2000 | pages =1227–1292 | isbn =1-55009-113-1 }}</ref>
! colspan="2" style="background: #707070; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Epithelial tumors
 
|-
* Adenocarcinoma accounts for 29.4% of lung cancers.<ref name="Travis"/> It usually originates in peripheral lung tissue. Most cases of adenocarcinoma are associated with smoking. However, among people who have never smoked ("never-smokers"), adenocarcinoma is the most common form of lung cancer.<ref name="Subramanian">{{cite journal | last =Subramanian | first =J | coauthors =Govindan R | title =Lung cancer in never smokers: a review | journal =Journal of Clinical Oncology | volume =25 | issue =5 | pages =561–570 | publisher =American Society of Clinical Oncology | date =February 2007 | pmid =17290066 }}</ref> A subtype of adenocarcinoma, the [[bronchioloalveolar carcinoma]], is more common in female never-smokers, and may have different responses to treatment.<ref name="Raz">{{cite journal | last =Raz | first =DJ | coauthors =He B, Rosell R, Jablons DM | title =Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma: a review | journal =Clinical Lung Cancer | volume =7 | issue =5 | pages =313–322 | publisher =Cancer Information Group | date =Mar 2006 | pmid =16640802 }}</ref>
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Adenocarcinoma of the lung|'''Adenocarcinoma''']]
 
|
* Accounting for 10.7% of lung cancers,<ref name="Travis"/> large cell lung carcinoma is a fast-growing form that develops near the surface of the lung.<ref name="Veronesi">{{cite journal | author=Veronesi G | coauthors= Morandi U, Alloisio M et al. | title=Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung: a retrospective analysis of 144 surgical cases | journal=Lung Cancer | volume=53 | issue=1 | pages=111–115 | date =Jul 2006 | pmid=16697073 | doi=10.1016/j.lungcan.2006.03.007 }}</ref> It is often poorly [[cellular differentiation|differentiated]] and tends to [[metastasis|metastasize]] early.<ref name="Cancer Medicine"/>
*[[Lepidic adenocarcinoma of the lung|Lepidic adenocarcinoma]]
 
*[[Acinar adenocarcinoma of the lung|Acinar adenocarcinoma]]
==WHO Histological Classification of Tumors of the Lung <ref name="WHO">{{cite book | last = Travis | first = William | title = Pathology and genetics of tumours of the lung, pleura, thymus, and heart | publisher = IARC Press | location = Lyon | year = 2004 | isbn = 9283224183 }}</ref>==
*[[Papillary adenocarcinoma of the lung|Papillary adenocarcinoma]]
 
*[[Micropapillary adenocarcinoma of the lung|Micropapillary adenocarcinoma]]
===Malignant Epithelial Tumors===
*[[Solid adenocarcinoma of the lung|Solid adenocarcinoma]]
 
*[[Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung|Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma]]
* Squamous cell carcinoma
** Mixed invasive mucinous
:* Papillary
** Nonmucinous adenocarcinoma
:* Clear cell
*[[Colloid adenocarcinoma of the lung|Colloid adenocarcinoma]]
:* Small cell
*[[Fetal adenocarcinoma of the lung|Fetal adenocarcinoma]]
:* Basaloid
*[[Enteric adenocarcinoma of the lung|Enteric adenocarcinoma]]
 
*[[Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma of the lung|Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma]]
* Small cell carcinoma
** Nonmucinous
:* Combined small cell carcinoma
** Mucinous
 
* Pre-[[Invasive (medical)|invasive]] [[Lesion|lesions]]
* Adenocarcinoma
**[[Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia of the lung|Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia]]
:* Adenocarcinoma, mixed subtype
**[[Adenocarcinoma of the lung|Adenocarcinoma]] in situ
:* Acinar adenocarcinoma
*** Nonmucinous
:* Papillary adenocarcinoma
*** Mucinous
:* Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma
|-
::* Nonmucinous
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung|Squamous cell carcinoma]]'''
::* Mucinous
|
::* Mixed nonmucinous and mucinous or indeterminate
* Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma
:* Solid adenocarcinoma with mucin production
* Nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma
::* Fetal adenocarcinoma
* Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma
::* Mucinous (“colloid”) carcinoma
* Pre-[[Invasive (medical)|invasive]] [[lesion]]  
::* Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
** Squamous cell carcinoma in situ
::* Signet ring adenocarcinoma
|-
::* Clear cell adenocarcinoma
! colspan="2" style="background: #707070; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Neuroendocrine tumors'''
 
|-
* Large cell carcinoma
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Small cell carcinoma of the lung|Small cell carcinoma]]'''
:* Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma
|
::* Combined large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma
* Combined [[Small cell carcinoma of lung|small cell carcinoma]]
:* Basaloid carcinoma
|-
:* Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung|Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma]]'''
:* Clear cell carcinoma
|
:* Large cell carcinoma with rhabdoid phenotype
* Combined [[Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung|large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma]]
 
|-
* Adenosquamous carcinoma
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Carcinoid syndrome|Carcinoid tumors]]'''
 
|
* Sarcomatoid carcinoma
*[[Carcinoid tumor|Typical carcinoid tumor]]
:* Pleomorphic carcinoma
*[[Carcinoid tumor|Atypical carcinoid tumor]]
:* Spindle cell carcinoma
|-
:* Giant cell carcinoma
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Pre-[[Invasive (medical)|invasive]] [[lesion]]'''
:* Carcinosarcoma
|
:* Pulmonary blastoma
*[[Diffuse]] [[idiopathic]] [[Lung|pulmonary]] [[neuroendocrine cell]] [[hyperplasia]]
 
|-
* Carcinoid tumor
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Large cell carcinoma of the lung|Large cell carcinoma]]'''
:* Typical carcinoid
|
:* Atypical carcinoid
* N/A
 
|-
* Salivary gland tumors
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Adenosquamous carcinoma]]'''
:* Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
|
:* Adenoid cystic carcinoma
* N/A
:* Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma
|-
 
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung|Sarcomatoid carcinomas]]'''
* Preinvasive lesions
|
:* Squamous carcinoma in situ
*[[Pleomorphic carcinoma of the lung|Pleomorphic carcinoma]]
:* Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia
*[[Spindle cell carcinoma of the lung|Spindle cell carcinoma]]
:* Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia
*[[Giant cell carcinoma of the lung|Giant cell carcinoma]]
 
*[[Carcinosarcoma of the lung|Carcinosarcoma]]
* Mesenchymal tumors
*[[Pulmonary blastoma of the lung|Pulmonary blastoma]]
:* Epithelioid haemangioendothelioma
|-
:* Angiosarcoma
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Other and [[Classification|Unclassified]] [[Carcinoma|carcinomas]]'''
:* Pleuropulmonary blastoma
|
:* Chondroma
*[[Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the lung|Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma]]
:* Congenial peribronchial myofibroblastic tumor
* NUT carcinoma
:* Diffuse pulmonary lymphangiomatosis
|-
:* Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Salivary gland]]-type [[Tumor|tumors]]'''
:* Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
|
:* Synovial sarcoma
*[[Mucoepidermoid carcinoma]]
::* Monophasic
* Adenoid cystic carcinoma
::* Biphasic
*[[Epithelium|Epithelial]]-[[myoepithelial]] [[carcinoma]]
:* Pulmonary artery sarcoma
*[[Pleomorphic adenoma]]
:* Pulmonary vein sarcoma
|-
 
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Papilloma|Papillomas]]'''
===Benign Epithelial Tumors===
|
 
*[[Squamous cell papilloma]]
* Papillomas
** Exophytic
:* Squamous cell papilloma
** Inverted
::* Exophytic
*[[Gland|Glandular]] [[papilloma]]
::* Inverted
* Mixed [[squamous]] and [[Gland|glandular]] [[papilloma]]
:* Glandular papilloma
|-
:* Mixed squamous cell and glandular papilloma
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Adenoma|Adenomas]]'''
 
|
* Adenomas
* Sclerosing pneumocytoma
:* Alveolar adenoma
*[[Alveolar]] [[adenoma]]
:* Papillary adenoma
*[[Papilla|Papillary]] [[adenoma]]
:* Adenomas of the salivary gland type
*[[Mucinous cystadenoma]]
::* Mucous gland adenoma
*[[Mucous gland]] [[adenoma]]
::* Pleomorphic adenoma
|-
::* Others
! colspan="2" style="background: #707070; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Mesenchymal tumors'''
:* Mucinous cystadenoma
|-
 
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hamartoma|'''Pulmonary hamartoma''']]
===Lymphoproliferative Tumors===
|
 
* N/A
* Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the MALT type
|-
* Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Chondroma]]'''
* Lymphomatoid granulomatosis
|
* Langerhans cell histiocytosis
* N/A
 
|-
===Miscellaneous Tumors===
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[PEComa|PEComatous tumors]]'''
 
|
* Harmatoma
* [[Lymphangiomyomatosis|Lymphangioleiomyomatosis]]
* Sclerosing hemangioma
* [[PEComa]] (benign)
* Clear cell tumor
**[[Clear cell tumor]]
* Germ cell tumors
*[[PEComa]] ([[malignant]])
:* Teratoma, mature
|-
:* Immature
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Congenital peribronchial myofibroblastic tumor'''
:* Other germ cell tumors
|
 
* N/A
* Intrapulmonary thymoma
|-
 
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Diffuse [[Lung|pulmonary]] [[lymphangiomatosis]]'''
* Melanoma
|
 
* N/A
===Metastatic Tumors===
|-
 
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Inflammation|Inflammatory]] [[Myofibroblast|myofibroblastic]] [[tumor]]'''
===Metastatic Cancersa===
|
* The lung is a common place for [[metastasis]] from tumors in other parts of the body.  These cancers are identified by the site of origin, thus a breast cancer metastasis to the lung is still known as breast cancer. They often have a characteristic round appearance on chest x-ray.<ref name="Seo">{{cite journal | last =Seo | first =JB | coauthors=Im JG, Goo JM et al. | title =Atypical pulmonary metastases: spectrum of radiologic findings | journal =Radiographics | volume =21 | issue=2 | pages =403–417 | date =2001 | url =http://radiographics.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/21/2/403 | accessdate = 2007-09-10 | pmid = 11259704 }}</ref>
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Vascular tumor|'''Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma''']]
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Pleuropulmonary blastoma|'''Pleuropulmonary blastoma''']]
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Synovial sarcoma]]'''
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Pulmonary artery]] [[Tunica intima|intimal]] [[sarcoma]]'''
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Pulmonary myxoid sarcoma with EWSR1–CREB1 [[translocation]]'''
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | '''[[Myoepithelial]] [[Tumor|tumors]]'''
|
*[[Myoepithelial cells|Myoepithelioma]]
*[[Myoepithelial]] [[carcinoma]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #707070; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Lymphohistiocytic tumors'''
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Extranodal marginal zone lymphomas of [[MALT lymphoma|mucosa-associated Lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma)]]'''
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Diffuse large cell [[lymphoma]]'''
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Lymphomatoid granulomatosis|'''Lymphomatoid granulomatosis''']]
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Intravascular large [[B cell]] [[lymphoma]]'''
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Lung|Pulmonary]] [[Langerhans cell histiocytosis]]'''
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Erdheim-Chester disease'''
|
* N/A
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #707070; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Tumors of ectopic origin'''
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Germ cell tumor|Germ cell tumors]]'''
|
* Mature [[teratoma]]
* Immature [[teratoma]]
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Pulmonary|Intrapulmonary]] [[thymoma]]'''
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Melanoma]]'''
|
* N/A
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Meningioma]], [[NOS]]'''
|
* N/A
|}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Types of cancer]]
[[Category:Types of cancer]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Lung cancer]]
[[Category:Lung cancer]]
[[Category:Oncology]]


{{Tumors}}
{{Tumors}}
Line 170: Line 246:
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Surgery]]

Latest revision as of 18:12, 2 July 2019

Lung cancer Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Lung cancer from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic study of choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X-ray

Echocardiography and Ultrasound

CT scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Lung cancer classification On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Lung cancer classification

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Lung cancer classification

CDC on Lung cancer classification

Lung cancer classification in the news

Blogs on Lung cancer classification

Directions to Hospitals Treating Lung cancer

Risk calculators and risk factors for Lung cancer classification

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kim-Son H. Nguyen M.D. Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2] Rim Halaby, M.D. [3] Dildar Hussain, MBBS [4]

Overview

Primary lung cancers may be classified into small cell lung cancer (~15%) and non small cell lung cancer (~85%). Non small cell lung cancer are a heterogeneous group of lung cancers that are often grouped together because they share similar clinical features (e.g. prognosis and management). The 2015 WHO histological classification of tumors of the lung categorized lung tumors into malignant epithelial tumors, benign epithelial tumors, lymphoproliferative tumors, miscellaneous tumors, and metastatic tumors.

Classification

Primary lung cancers may be classified into two main categories:[1]

 
 
Lung Cancer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

WHO Histological Classification of Tumors of the Lung

The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies tumors of the lungs as follows:[1][2]

WHO Classification of Lung Tumors
Histological type Subtype
Epithelial tumors
Adenocarcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
  • Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma
  • Nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma
  • Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma
  • Pre-invasive lesion
    • Squamous cell carcinoma in situ
Neuroendocrine tumors
Small cell carcinoma
Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma
Carcinoid tumors
Pre-invasive lesion
Large cell carcinoma
  • N/A
Adenosquamous carcinoma
  • N/A
Sarcomatoid carcinomas
Other and Unclassified carcinomas
Salivary gland-type tumors
Papillomas
Adenomas
Mesenchymal tumors
Pulmonary hamartoma
  • N/A
Chondroma
  • N/A
PEComatous tumors
Congenital peribronchial myofibroblastic tumor
  • N/A
Diffuse pulmonary lymphangiomatosis
  • N/A
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor
  • N/A
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma
  • N/A
Pleuropulmonary blastoma
  • N/A
Synovial sarcoma
  • N/A
Pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma
  • N/A
Pulmonary myxoid sarcoma with EWSR1–CREB1 translocation
  • N/A
Myoepithelial tumors
Lymphohistiocytic tumors
Extranodal marginal zone lymphomas of mucosa-associated Lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma)
  • N/A
Diffuse large cell lymphoma
  • N/A
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis
  • N/A
Intravascular large B cell lymphoma
  • N/A
Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis
  • N/A
Erdheim-Chester disease
  • N/A
Tumors of ectopic origin
Germ cell tumors
Intrapulmonary thymoma
  • N/A
Melanoma
  • N/A
Meningioma, NOS
  • N/A

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Travis, William (2004). Pathology and genetics of tumours of the lung, pleura, thymus, and heart. Lyon: IARC Press. ISBN 9283224183.
  2. ↑ "www.jto.org".

Template:Tumors


Template:WikiDoc Sources

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Lung_cancer_classification&oldid=1574756"