Ebola risk factors: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Ebola}} | {{Ebola}} | ||
{{CMG}}: {{AE}} {{MJM}};{{GRN}} | {{CMG}}: {{AE}} {{MJM}};{{GRN}}; {{Rim}}; {{YD}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The main [[risk factors]] for Ebola virus disease | The main [[risk factors]] for Ebola virus disease (EVD) include a recent travel to [[endemic]] regions, provision of direct care or exposure/processing of blood or body fluids of a symptomatic patient with Ebola virus disease, and direct contact with a dead body in an endemic region without personal protective equipment (PPE).<ref name=CDC>{{cite web |url=http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/exposure/risk-factors-when-evaluating-person-for-exposure.html |title=Epidemiologic Risk Factors to Consider when Evaluating a Person for Exposure to Ebola Virus |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date=October 27 2014 |website=www.cdc.gov |publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) |accessdate=October 28 2014}} </ref> | ||
==Exposure Risk Levels== | |||
Levels of exposure risk are defined as follows<ref name=CDC>{{cite web |url=http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/exposure/risk-factors-when-evaluating-person-for-exposure.html |title=Epidemiologic Risk Factors to Consider when Evaluating a Person for Exposure to Ebola Virus |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date=October 27 2014 |website=www.cdc.gov |publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) |accessdate=October 28 2014}} </ref>: | |||
* High risk | |||
* Some risk | |||
* Low (but not zero) risk | |||
* No identifiable risk | |||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
The following epidemiologic risk factors should be considered when evaluating a person for Ebola virus disease (EVD), classifying contacts, or considering public health actions such as monitoring and movement restrictions based on exposure.<ref name=CDC>{{cite web |url=http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/exposure/risk-factors-when-evaluating-person-for-exposure.html |title=Epidemiologic Risk Factors to Consider when Evaluating a Person for Exposure to Ebola Virus |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date=October 27 2014 |website=www.cdc.gov |publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) |accessdate=October 28 2014}} </ref> | |||
* | |||
* | ====<span style="color:red">High Risk</span>==== | ||
=== | '''High risk''' includes any of the following<ref name=CDC>{{cite web |url=http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/exposure/risk-factors-when-evaluating-person-for-exposure.html |title=Epidemiologic Risk Factors to Consider when Evaluating a Person for Exposure to Ebola Virus |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date=October 27 2014 |website=www.cdc.gov |publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) |accessdate=October 28 2014}} </ref>: | ||
* Percutaneous (e.g., needle stick) or [[mucous membrane]] exposure to [[blood]] or body fluids of EVD patient while the patient was symptomatic | |||
* Exposure to the blood or body fluids (including but not limited to [[feces]], [[saliva]], [[sweat]], [[urine]], [[vomit]], and [[semen]]) of a person with Ebola while the person was symptomatic without appropriate [[personal protective equipment]] (PPE) | |||
*Processing blood or body fluids of a person with Ebola while the person was symptomatic without appropriate PPE or standard biosafety precautions | |||
*Direct contact with a dead body without appropriate PPE in a country with widespread Ebola virus transmission | |||
*Having lived in the immediate household and provided direct care to a person with Ebola while the person was symptomatic | |||
====<span style="color:red">Some Risk</span>==== | |||
'''Some risk''' includes any of the following<ref name=CDC>{{cite web |url=http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/exposure/risk-factors-when-evaluating-person-for-exposure.html |title=Epidemiologic Risk Factors to Consider when Evaluating a Person for Exposure to Ebola Virus |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date=October 27 2014 |website=www.cdc.gov |publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) |accessdate=October 28 2014}} </ref>: | |||
*In countries with widespread Ebola virus transmission: direct contact while using appropriate PPE with a person with Ebola while the person was symptomatic | |||
*Close contact in households, health care facilities, or community settings with a person with Ebola while the person was symptomatic. Close contact is defined as being for a prolonged period of time while not wearing appropriate PPE within approximately 3 feet (1 meter) of a person with Ebola while the person was symptomatic | |||
====<span style="color:red">Low Risk</span>==== | |||
'''Low (but not zero) risk''' exposure includes any of the following<ref name=CDC>{{cite web |url=http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/exposure/risk-factors-when-evaluating-person-for-exposure.html |title=Epidemiologic Risk Factors to Consider when Evaluating a Person for Exposure to Ebola Virus |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date=October 27 2014 |website=www.cdc.gov |publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) |accessdate=October 28 2014}} </ref>: | |||
*Having been in a country with widespread Ebola virus transmission within the past 21 days and having had no known exposures | |||
*Having brief direct contact (e.g., shaking hands) while not wearing appropriate PPE, with a person with Ebola while the person was in the early stage of disease | |||
*Brief proximity, such as being in the same room for a brief period of time, with a person with Ebola while the person was symptomatic | |||
*In countries without widespread Ebola virus transmission: direct contact while using appropriate PPE with a person with Ebola while the person was symptomatic | |||
*Traveled on an aircraft with a person with Ebola while the person was symptomatic | |||
====<span style="color:red">No Identifiable Risk</span>==== | |||
'''No identifiable risk''' includes<ref name=CDC>{{cite web |url=http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/exposure/risk-factors-when-evaluating-person-for-exposure.html |title=Epidemiologic Risk Factors to Consider when Evaluating a Person for Exposure to Ebola Virus |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date=October 27 2014 |website=www.cdc.gov |publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) |accessdate=October 28 2014}} </ref>: | |||
*Contact with an asymptomatic person who had contact with person with Ebola | |||
*Contact with a person with Ebola before the person developed symptoms | |||
*Having been more than 21 days previously in a country with widespread Ebola virus transmission | |||
*Having been in a country without widespread Ebola virus transmission and not having any other exposures as defined above | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Hemorrhagic fevers]] | [[Category:Hemorrhagic fevers]] | ||
[[Category:Needs overview]] | [[Category:Needs overview]] | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
Latest revision as of 17:38, 18 September 2017
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Ebola Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Postmortem Care |
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Case Studies |
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Ebola risk factors On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Ebola risk factors |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]: Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Michael Maddaleni, B.S.;Guillermo Rodriguez Nava, M.D. [2]; Rim Halaby, M.D. [3]; Yazan Daaboul, M.D.
Overview
The main risk factors for Ebola virus disease (EVD) include a recent travel to endemic regions, provision of direct care or exposure/processing of blood or body fluids of a symptomatic patient with Ebola virus disease, and direct contact with a dead body in an endemic region without personal protective equipment (PPE).[1]
Exposure Risk Levels
Levels of exposure risk are defined as follows[1]:
- High risk
- Some risk
- Low (but not zero) risk
- No identifiable risk
Risk Factors
The following epidemiologic risk factors should be considered when evaluating a person for Ebola virus disease (EVD), classifying contacts, or considering public health actions such as monitoring and movement restrictions based on exposure.[1]
High Risk
High risk includes any of the following[1]:
- Percutaneous (e.g., needle stick) or mucous membrane exposure to blood or body fluids of EVD patient while the patient was symptomatic
- Exposure to the blood or body fluids (including but not limited to feces, saliva, sweat, urine, vomit, and semen) of a person with Ebola while the person was symptomatic without appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE)
- Processing blood or body fluids of a person with Ebola while the person was symptomatic without appropriate PPE or standard biosafety precautions
- Direct contact with a dead body without appropriate PPE in a country with widespread Ebola virus transmission
- Having lived in the immediate household and provided direct care to a person with Ebola while the person was symptomatic
Some Risk
Some risk includes any of the following[1]:
- In countries with widespread Ebola virus transmission: direct contact while using appropriate PPE with a person with Ebola while the person was symptomatic
- Close contact in households, health care facilities, or community settings with a person with Ebola while the person was symptomatic. Close contact is defined as being for a prolonged period of time while not wearing appropriate PPE within approximately 3 feet (1 meter) of a person with Ebola while the person was symptomatic
Low Risk
Low (but not zero) risk exposure includes any of the following[1]:
- Having been in a country with widespread Ebola virus transmission within the past 21 days and having had no known exposures
- Having brief direct contact (e.g., shaking hands) while not wearing appropriate PPE, with a person with Ebola while the person was in the early stage of disease
- Brief proximity, such as being in the same room for a brief period of time, with a person with Ebola while the person was symptomatic
- In countries without widespread Ebola virus transmission: direct contact while using appropriate PPE with a person with Ebola while the person was symptomatic
- Traveled on an aircraft with a person with Ebola while the person was symptomatic
No Identifiable Risk
No identifiable risk includes[1]:
- Contact with an asymptomatic person who had contact with person with Ebola
- Contact with a person with Ebola before the person developed symptoms
- Having been more than 21 days previously in a country with widespread Ebola virus transmission
- Having been in a country without widespread Ebola virus transmission and not having any other exposures as defined above