Mental retardation risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
===Genetic and Physiological=== | ===Genetic and Physiological<ref>{{cite book | title = Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 | publisher = American Psychiatric Association | location = Washington, D.C | year = 2013 | isbn = 0890425558 }}</ref>=== | ||
====Prenatal Etiologies==== | ====Prenatal Etiologies==== | ||
Revision as of 14:46, 8 October 2014
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2]
Risk Factors
Genetic and Physiological[1]
Prenatal Etiologies
- Genetic syndromes (e.g., sequencevariations or copy number variants involving one or more genes; chromosomal disorders)
- Inborn errors of metabolism
- Brain malformations
- Maternal disease (includingplacental disease)
- Environmental influences (e.g., alcohol, other drugs, toxins, teratogens)
Perinatal Etiologies
- Variety of labor and delivery-related events leading toneonatal encephalopathy
Postnatal Etiologies
- Hypoxic ischemic injury
- Traumatic brain injury
- Infections
- Demyelinating disorders
- Seizure disorders (e.g., infantile spasms)
- Severe and chronic social deprivation
- Toxic metabolic syndromes and intoxications(e.g., lead, mercury)
References
- ↑ Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association. 2013. ISBN 0890425558.