Cardiomyopathy causes: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 18:34, 19 December 2014

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ayokunle Olubaniyi, M.B,B.S [2]

Overview

There are numerous causes of cardiomyopathies depending on the type in question. Some of the causes include: genetic (e.g. hereditary spherocytosis, familial cardiomyopathy, Friedreich's ataxia); metabolic (e.g. beriberi, Gaucher's disease, uremia); infectious (e.g. adenovirus, african trypanosomiasis, arbovirus, ascariasis). Cardiomyopathies usually have an insidious onset but life-threatening causes including acute coronary syndrome, electrolyte imbalance, cocaine abuse must be identified and managed accordingly. Other common causes include: alcoholism, diabetes mellitus, and hypothyroidism.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, arterial calcification of infancy, Brugada syndrome, cardiac transplant rejection, cardiomyopathy-renal anomalies,^[1] chronic tachycardia, coronary artery disease, cytochrome C oxidase deficiency, endomyocardial fibrosis, eosinophilic endomyocardial disease, giant cell myocarditis, hypertension, Keshan disease , left ventricular noncompaction, Loeffler endocarditis, myocarditis, Naxos disease, obesity-colitis-hypothyroidism-cardiac hypertrophy-developmental delay,^[2] prolonged QT syndrome, X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy,^[3] X-linked fatal infantile cardiomyopathy^[4]
Chemical / poisoning	Arsenic, cobalt, endothall, ethanol, lead, thallium, allylamine, carbon monoxide, toxic mushrooms
Dermatologic	Familial cutaneous collagenoma,^[5] lentiginosis, dermatomyositis, Carvajal-Huerta syndrome, Hand-Schuller-Christian syndrome, McLeod syndrome, multiple lentigines syndrome, Naxos disease, pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta, Refsum disease
Drug Side Effect	5-fluorouracil, aclarubicin, actinomycin D, alemtuzumab, amrubicin, bleomycin, capecitabine, certolizumab pegol, cisplatin, clozapine, cyclophosphamide, dasatinib, daunorubicin, disopyramide, doxorubicin, epirubicin, fenfluramine, hydralazine, hydroxychloroquine, idarubicin, imatinib, interferon-alpha, mitoxantrone, paclitaxel, paracetamol, [[AnthraCytarabine, cyclines\|pirarubicin]], pixantrone, streptomycin, sunitinib, tacrolimus, trastuzumab, tricyclic anti-depressant abuse, valrubicin
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Acromegaly, amyloidosis, carcinoid syndrome, celiac disease, cushing syndrome, diabetes mellitus, gout, hemochromatosis, hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, obesity-colitis-hypothyroidism-cardiac hypertrophy developmental delay,^[2] paraneoplastic syndromes, pheochromocytoma, pituitary tumor, WAGR syndrome, Whipple's disease
Environmental	Heatstroke, hypothermia, lightning strike, radiation
Gastroenterologic	Hemochromatosis, obesity-colitis-hypothyroidism-cardiac hypertrophy-developmental delay complex, ^[2]Whipple's disease
Genetic	Alpers' disease, Borud syndrome, Brugada syndrome, Carvajal-Huerta syndrome, congenital disorders of glycosylation, congenital generalized lipodystrophy, Costello syndrome, cytochrome C oxidase deficiency, desmin-related myofibrillar myopathy, Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, familial cardiomyopathy, Friedreich's ataxia, hereditary spherocytosis, Hurler syndrome, Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, hypertrichotic osteochondrodysplasia, Keshan disease, Laing distal myopathy, LAMA2-related muscular dystrophy, mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency, multiple lentigines syndrome, muscular dystrophy, Naxos disease, Noonan syndrome, porphyria, prolonged QT syndrome, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, Refsum disease, respiratory chain complex I deficiency, Salih myopathy, sarcoglycanopathy, syndromic microphthalmia type 7, WAGR syndrome, X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy, ^[3] X-linked fatal infantile cardiomyopathy, ^[4] Yunis-Varon syndrome
Hematologic	Hereditary spherocytosis
Iatrogenic	Cardiac irradiation
Infectious Disease	Adenovirus, african trypanosomiasis, arbovirus, ascariasis, aspergillosis, beta-hemolytic streptococci, blastomycosis, brucella, Chagas disease, coccidioidomycosis, coxsackie A virus, coxsackie virus B1-B5, cryptococcosis, cysticercosis, cytomegalovirus, diptheria, echovirus, enterococci, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), filariasis, flavivirus, histoplasmosis, HIV, influenza, leishmaniasis, leptospirosis, loeffler endocarditis, Lyme disease, malaria, measles, mumps, pertussis, poliomyelitis, psittacosis, Q fever, rabies, rheumatic fever, rocky mountain spotted fever, sarcosporidiosis, schistosomiasis, staphylococcus, syphilis, tetanus, toxoplasmosis, trichinosis, tuberculosis, typhoid fever, varicella-zoster virus
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	Arthrogryposis due to muscular dystrophy, cytochrome c oxidase deficiency, dermatomyositis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, Hand-Schuller-Christian Syndrome, Kearns-Sayre syndrome, mitochondrial myopathy, muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy
Neurologic	Alpers' disease, d-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency, Friedreich's ataxia, Hand-Schuller-Christian Syndrome, Kearns-Sayre syndrome, MELAS syndrome, Whipple's disease
Nutritional / Metabolic	3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, beriberi, Borud syndrome, carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1a, carnitine deficiency, Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency, coenzyme Q cytochrome c reductase deficiency, congenital disorder of glycosylation, cytochrome C Oxidase deficiency, d-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency, Fabry disease, gangliosidosis, Gaucher's disease, glutaric acidemia type 2, gout, hemochromatosis, Hunter syndrome, Hurler syndrome, isobutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency, Keshan disease, kwashiorkor, long-chain Acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, malonic aciduria, MELAS syndrome, mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency, mucopolysaccharidoses, Niemann-Pick disease, niacin deficiency, oxalosis, paraneoplastic syndromes, Pompe disease, porphyria, Refsum disease, respiratory chain complex I deficiency, s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency, scurvy, selenium deficiency, subacute necrotising encephalomyelopathy, triosephosphate isomerase deficiency, uremia, vitamin B deficiency, vitamin D overdose
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Peripartum cardiomyopathy
Oncologic	Angioma, myxomas, pituitary tumour, rhabdomyoma, sarcoma, leukemia, WAGR syndrome, carcinoid syndrome
Ophthalmologic	Hand-Schuller-Christian syndrome, syndromic microphthalmia type 7, myotonic dystrophy, WAGR syndrome
Overdose / Toxicity	Alcohol, cobalt poisoning, cocaine abuse, oxalosis, paracetamol, tricyclic antidepressant, vitamin D overdose
Psychiatric	Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte	Cardiomyopathy-renal anomalies,^[1] hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, uremia, WAGR syndrome, MELAS syndrome
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Gout, Kawasaki disease, polyarteritis nodosa, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Black widow spider bite, cardiac transplant rejection, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency, obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, stress-induced cardiomyopathy

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Myxomas
Naxos disease
Niacin deficiency
Niemann-Pick disease
Noonan syndrome
Obesity--colitis--hypothyroidism-cardiac hypertrophy--developmental delay^[2]
Obstructive sleep apnea
Oxalosis
Paclitaxel
Paracetamol
Paraneoplastic syndromes
Peplomycin
Peripartum cardiomyopathy
Pertussis
Pheochromocytoma
Pirarubicin
Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta
Pixantrone
Poliomyelitis
Polyarteritis nodosa
Polycythemia vera
Pompe disease
Porphyria
Prolonged QT syndrome
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
Psittacosis
Q fever
Rabies
Radiation
Refsum disease
Respiratory chain complex I deficiency
Rhabdomyoma
Rheumatic fever
Rheumatoid arthritis
Rocky mountain spotted fever
S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency
Salih myopathy
Sarcoglycanopathy
Sarcoidosis
Sarcomas
Sarcosporidiosis
Schistosomiasis
Scurvy
Selenium deficiency
Sickle cell anemia
Staphylococcus
Streptomycin
Stress-induced cardiomyopathy
Subacute necrotising encephalomyelopathy
Sunitinib
Syndromic microphthalmia type 7
Syphilis
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Systemic sclerosis
Tacrolimus
Tetanus
Thallium
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Toxic mushrooms
Toxoplasmosis
Trastuzumab
Trichinosis
Tricyclic anti-depressant overdose
Triosephosphate isomerase deficiency
Tuberculosis
Typhoid fever
Uremia
Valrubicin
Varicella-zoster virus
Vitamin D overdose
WAGR syndrome
Whipple's disease
Wolfram syndrome
X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy^[3]
X-linked fatal infantile cardiomyopathy^[4]
Yunis-Varon syndrome

Cardiomyopathies and Genetics

Genetic causes of cardiomyopathies.^[6]

Phenotype	Inheritance Pattern	Chromosomal Locus	Gene	Protein	Skeletal Myopathy
Dilated cardiomyopathy	X-linked	Xp21	dystrophin	Dystrophin	Duchenne / Becker muscular dystrophy
	X-linked	Xq28	G4.5	Tafazzin	Barth syndrome
	Autosomal dominant	15q14	actin	Actin	Nemaline myopathy
		2q35	desmin	Desmin	Desmin myopathy
		5q33	δ-sarcoglycan	δ-sarcoglycan	Limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2F
		1q32	Troponin T	Troponin T
		14q11	β-myosin heavy chain	β-myosin heavy chain
		15q2	α-tropomyosin	α-tropomyosin	Nemaline myopathy
		Midna	Mitochondrial respiratory chain	Mitochondrial respiratory chain	Mitochondrial myopathy
Dilated cardiomyopathy with conduction disease	Autosomal dominant	1q21	lamin A/C	Lamin A/C	Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy	Autosomal dominant	14q11	β-myosin heavy chain	β-myosin heavy chain
		14q11	β-myosin heavy chain	β-myosin heavy chain
		1q32	Troponin T	Troponin T
		12q23	Troponin T	Troponin T
		15q2	α-tropomyosin	α-tropomyosin	Nemaline myopathy
		11q11	myosin-binding protein C	myosin-binding protein C
		3p21	myosin essential light chain	myosin essential light chain
		3p21	myosin regulatory light chain	myosin regulatory light chain
		2p31	Titin	Titin
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome		7q3	AMPK	AMPK
		MIDINA	Mitochondrial respiratory chain	Mitochondrial respiratory chain	Mitochondrial myopathy
Left ventricular noncompaction	X-linked	Xq28	G4.5	Tafazzin	Barth syndrome
	Autosomal dominant	18q12	α-dystrobrevin	α-dystrobrevin	Muscular dystrophy

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Leask, KM.; Kerr, B.; Ladusans, E. (2007). "Cardiomyopathy with renal anomalies in two siblings: a new recessive syndrome?". Clin Dysmorphol. 16 (1): 51–3. doi:10.1097/MCD.0b013e328010caa9. PMID 17159516. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Tan, TY.; Amor, DJ. (2007). "Obesity, hypothyroidism, craniosynostosis, cardiac hypertrophy, colitis, and developmental delay: a novel syndrome". Am J Med Genet A. 143 (2): 114–8. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.31548. PMID 17163533. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Towbin, JA.; Hejtmancik, JF.; Brink, P.; Gelb, B.; Zhu, XM.; Chamberlain, JS.; McCabe, ER.; Swift, M. (1993). "X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy. Molecular genetic evidence of linkage to the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (dystrophin) gene at the Xp21 locus". Circulation. 87 (6): 1854–65. PMID 8504498. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Gedeon, AK.; Wilson, MJ.; Colley, AC.; Sillence, DO.; Mulley, JC. (1995). "X linked fatal infantile cardiomyopathy maps to Xq28 and is possibly allelic to Barth syndrome". J Med Genet. 32 (5): 383–8. PMID 7616547. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Dawn, ME.; Deng, AC.; Petrali, J.; Wessely, C.; Jaffe, D.; Gaspari, AA. "Familial cutaneous collagenoma". Skinmed. 7 (1): 43–5. PMID 18174804.
↑ Towbin JA, Bowles NE (2002). "The failing heart". Nature. 415 (6868): 227–33. doi:10.1038/415227a. PMID 11805847. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

Template:WH Template:WS

[Leask-2007-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Leask, KM.; Kerr, B.; Ladusans, E. (2007). "Cardiomyopathy with renal anomalies in two siblings: a new recessive syndrome?". Clin Dysmorphol. 16 (1): 51–3. doi:10.1097/MCD.0b013e328010caa9. PMID 17159516. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[Tan-2007-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Tan, TY.; Amor, DJ. (2007). "Obesity, hypothyroidism, craniosynostosis, cardiac hypertrophy, colitis, and developmental delay: a novel syndrome". Am J Med Genet A. 143 (2): 114–8. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.31548. PMID 17163533. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[Towbin-1993-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Towbin, JA.; Hejtmancik, JF.; Brink, P.; Gelb, B.; Zhu, XM.; Chamberlain, JS.; McCabe, ER.; Swift, M. (1993). "X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy. Molecular genetic evidence of linkage to the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (dystrophin) gene at the Xp21 locus". Circulation. 87 (6): 1854–65. PMID 8504498. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[Gedeon-1995-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Gedeon, AK.; Wilson, MJ.; Colley, AC.; Sillence, DO.; Mulley, JC. (1995). "X linked fatal infantile cardiomyopathy maps to Xq28 and is possibly allelic to Barth syndrome". J Med Genet. 32 (5): 383–8. PMID 7616547. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[Dawn--5] 5.0 ^5.1 Dawn, ME.; Deng, AC.; Petrali, J.; Wessely, C.; Jaffe, D.; Gaspari, AA. "Familial cutaneous collagenoma". Skinmed. 7 (1): 43–5. PMID 18174804.

[pmid11805847-6] Towbin JA, Bowles NE (2002). "The failing heart". Nature. 415 (6868): 227–33. doi:10.1038/415227a. PMID 11805847. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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 | bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Drug Side Effect'''
-| bgcolor="Beige"| [[5-fluorouracil]], [[Anthracycline|aclarubicin]], [[actinomycin D]], [[alemtuzumab]], [[Anthracycline|amrubicin]], [[bleomycin]], [[capecitabine]], [[certolizumab pegol]], [[cisplatin]], [[clozapine]], [[cyclophosphamide]], [[dasatinib]], [[daunorubicin]], [[disopyramide]], [[doxorubicin]], [[epirubicin]], [[fenfluramine]], [[hydralazine]], [[hydroxychloroquine]], [[idarubicin]], [[imatinib]], [[interferon-alpha]], [[mitoxantrone]], [[paclitaxel]],   [[paracetamol]], [[Anthracyclines|pirarubicin]], [[pixantrone]], [[streptomycin]], [[sunitinib]], [[tacrolimus]], [[trastuzumab]], [[Tricyclic antidepressant#Overdose|tricyclic anti-depressant abuse]], [[valrubicin]]
+| bgcolor="Beige"| [[5-fluorouracil]], [[Anthracycline|aclarubicin]], [[actinomycin D]], [[alemtuzumab]], [[Anthracycline|amrubicin]], [[bleomycin]], [[capecitabine]], [[certolizumab pegol]], [[cisplatin]], [[clozapine]], [[cyclophosphamide]], [[dasatinib]], [[daunorubicin]], [[disopyramide]], [[doxorubicin]], [[epirubicin]], [[fenfluramine]], [[hydralazine]], [[hydroxychloroquine]], [[idarubicin]], [[imatinib]], [[interferon-alpha]], [[mitoxantrone]], [[paclitaxel]],   [[paracetamol]], [[Anthra[[Cytarabine]], cyclines|pirarubicin]], [[pixantrone]], [[streptomycin]], [[sunitinib]], [[tacrolimus]], [[trastuzumab]], [[Tricyclic antidepressant#Overdose|tricyclic anti-depressant abuse]], [[valrubicin]]
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 *[[Cyclophosphamide]]
 *[[Cysticercosis]]
+*[[Cytarabine]]
 *[[Cytochrome c oxidase deficiency]]
 *[[Cytomegalovirus]]