Hepatitis causes

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Classification Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Hepatitis D Hepatitis E Alcoholic Hepatitis Autoimmune Hepatitis
Differential Diagnosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Causes

Common Causes

Acute Hepatitis

• Viral Hepatitis: Hepatitis A to E (more than 95% of viral cause), herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr, yellow fever virus, adenoviruses.
• Non viral infection: Toxoplasma, leptospira, Q fever, rocky mountain spotted fever
• Alcohol
• Toxins: Amanita toxin in mushrooms, carbon tetrachloride, asafetida
• Drugs: Paracetamol, amoxycillin, antituberculosis medicines, minocycline and many others (see longer list below).
• Ischemic hepatitis (circulatory insufficiency)
• Pregnancy
• Auto immune conditions, e.g. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
• Metabolic diseases, e.g. Wilson's disease

Chronic Hepatitis

• Viral hepatitis: Hepatitis B with or without hepatitis D, hepatitis C (hepatitis A and E do not lead to chronic disease)
• Autoimmune: Autoimmune hepatitis
• Alcohol
• Drugs: Methyl-dopa, nitrofurantoin, isoniazide, ketoconazole
• Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
• Heredity: Wilson's disease, alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency
• Primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis occasionally mimic chronic hepatitis

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Cardiac failure, Ischemic hepatitis, Kawasaki disease, Patent ductus venosus
Chemical / poisoning	Amatoxins, Carbon tetrachloride, Copper salts, Gyromitrin, Iron compounds, Methanol, Organic solvent, Paraquat, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Selenium, Toluene, Vinyl chloride
Dermatologic	Infantile papular acrodermatitis
Drug Side Effect	5-Azacytidine, Abacavir, Abiraterone, Agomelatine, Albendazole, Allopurinol, Altretamine, Amineptine, Amiodarone, Amitriptyline, Amoxicillin, Amphotericin B, Amprenavir, Anabolic steroids, Antituberculosis drugs, Apixaban, Arsenic trioxide, Asafetida, Asparaginase, Atorvastatin, Atovaquone, Azathioprine, Benoxaprofen, Bexarotene, Black cohosh extract, Bosentan, Bosutinib, Bromfenac, Bumetanide, Carfilzomib, Cascara, Caspofungin, Chaparral, Chenodeoxycholic acid, Chlormezanone, Chlorzoxazone, Ciprofloxacin, Clofarabine, Combined oral contraceptive pill, Comfrey, Crizotinib, Cyclobenzaprine, Dantrolene, Daptomycin, Dasatinib, Deferasirox, Desipramine, Diclofenac, Disulfiram, Docetaxel, Donepezil, Dothiepin, Dronedarone, Eltrombopag, Emtricitabine, Entecavir, Ephedra, Erlotinib, Erythromycin estolate, Ethanol, Ethinylestradiol, Ethionamide, Etretinate, Febuxostat, Felbamate, Fenofibrate, Fingolimod, Fluconazole, Flucytosine, Fluoxymesterone, Flutamide, Fluvastatin, Fosamprenavir, Frusemide, Fusidic acid, Ganciclovir, Gemcitabine, Gemtuzumab ozogamicin, Gold salts, Golimumab, Halothane, Imatinib mesylate, Imipenem, Interferon alpha, Interferon beta, Interleukin 2, Ipilimumab, Isoniazid, Isotretinoin, Kava root extract, Ketoconazole, Lapatinib ditosylate, Leflunomide, Lovastatin, Maraviroc, Meropenem, Mesalazine, Methimazole, Methotrexate, Methyldopa, Methyldopa, Methyldopate, Micafungin, Minocycline, Mirtazapine, Mithramycin, Naltrexone, Nandrolone, Natalizumab, Nelfinavir, Nevirapine, Niacin, Nicotinic acid, Nimesulide, Nitisinone, Nitrofurantoin, Norfloxacin, Nortriptyline, Ondansetron, Oxyphenisatine, Paclitaxel, Para-amino salicylic acid, Paracetamol, Pazopanib, Pentamidine Isethionate, Pegvisomant, Pemoline, Pentostatin, Phenelzine, Phenylbutazone, Phenytoin, Pralatrexate, Pravastatin, Procainamide, Propylthiouracil, Prothionamide, Pyrazinamide, Pyritinol, Pyrrolizidine alkaloids, Regorafenib, Repaglinide, Rifabutin, Rifampicin, Riluzole, Ritonavir, Rivaroxaban, Rosuvastatin, Saquinavir, Simvastatin, Sitaxentan, Sorafenib, Stanozolol, Statins, Succimer, Suloctidil, Sulphasalazine, Sulphinpyrazone, Tegafur, Telithromycin, Teriflunomide, Thiabendazole, Thioguanine, Ticlopidine, Tipranavir, Tizanidine, Tolbutamide, Tolcapone, Tolrestat, Trabectedin, Troglitazone, Trovafloxacin, Ursodeoxycholic acid, Valganciclovir, Valproic acid, Velnacrine, Verapamil, Voriconazole, Ximelagatran, Zotepine
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Alcoholic liver disease, Cholangiocarcinoma, Cholestatic hepatitis, Cirrhosis of liver, Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, hepatocerebral form, Navajo neurohepatopathy, Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis , Primary biliary cirrhosis, North american indian childhood cirrhosis, Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Liver metastases, Pancreatic cancer, Autoimmune hepatitis
Genetic	Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, Carnitine palmitoyltransferase deficiency, Cystic fibrosis, Glutaric acidemia , Glycine N-methyltransferase deficiency, Glycogenosis, HHH syndrome, Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency, Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, North american indian childhood cirrhosis, Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis , Sytemic primary carnitine deficiency, Tyrosinemia , Wilson disease, X-linked lymphoproliferative disease, Zellweger spectrum, Hemochromatosis, Porphyria cutanea tarda type 2 , Sickle cell disease, Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, hepatocerebral form
Hematologic	Erythropoietic protoporphyria, Hemochromatosis, Hemosiderosis, Histiocytosis X, Porphyria cutanea tarda type 2 , Sickle cell disease, X-linked lymphoproliferative disease
Iatrogenic	Graft versus host disease, Parenteral nutrition, Radiotherapy, Reye syndrome
Infectious Disease	Adenoviridae, Anaplasma, Ancylostoma, Arenaviruses, Ascaris lumbricoides, Asperigillus, Babesia, Bartonella, Baylisascaris, Bunyaviruses, Candida, Capillaria hepatica, Chlamydia trachomatis, Clonorchiasis, Coronaviridae, Coxiella burnetti, Cryptococcus, Cryptosporidium, Cytomegalovirus, Dengue, Dicrocoelium dendriticum fluke, Echinococcus, Ehrlichia, Entamoeba histolytica, Epstein-Barr virus, Erythrovirus, Fasciola hepatica, Fasciolopsis buski, Filoviruses, Flaviviruses, Hepadnaviridae, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis D, Hepatitis E, Hepatitis G virus, Hepeviridae, Herpes viruses, Histoplasma, Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, Infectious mononucleosis, Isospora, Lassa fever, Legionella pneumophila, Leishmania, Lemierre syndrome, Leptospirosis, Listeria, Lyme disease, Marburg virus, Metorchis, Microsporidium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Nanukayami, Necator, Nocardia, Novosphingobium aromaticivorans, Opisthorchiasis, Orientia tsutsugamushi, Orthomyxoviruses, Paragonimus, Parvovirus B19 infection, Parvoviruses, Picarnoviridae, Plasmodium, Prototheca, Psittacosis, Q fever, Reovirus, Rhodococcus, Rickettsia, Salmonella, Schistosoma haematobium, Secondary syphilis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Strongyloides stercoralis, Tertiary syphilis, Toxocara, Toxoplasma, Treponema pallidum, Typhoid fever, Typhus, Viral haemorrhagic fever, Visceral leishmaniasis, Yellow fever, Yersinia
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, hepatocerebral form, Navajo neurohepatopathy
Nutritional / Metabolic	Carnitine palmitoyltransferase deficiency, Glutaric acidemia , Glycine N-methyltransferase deficiency, Glycogenosis, HHH syndrome, Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency, Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, Tyrosinemia , Wilson disease
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Acute fatty liver of pregnancy, Eclampsia, HELLP syndrome, Hyperemesis gravidarum, Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, Pre-eclampsia
Oncologic	Hepatocellular carcinoma, Liver metastases, Pancreatic cancer, Cholangiocarcinoma
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Cystic fibrosis
Renal / Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Amyloidosis, Autoimmune hepatitis, Macrophage activation syndrome, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Systemic sclerosis, Graft versus host disease
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Alcohol, Heat stroke

Causes in Alphabetical Order

5-Azacytidine Abacavir Abiraterone Acute fatty liver of pregnancy Adenoviridae Agomelatine Albendazole Alcohol Alcoholic liver disease Allopurinol Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency Altretamine Amatoxins Amineptine Amiodarone Amitriptyline Amoxicillin Amphotericin B Amprenavir Amyloidosis Anabolic steroids Anaplasma Ancylostoma Antituberculosis drugs Apixaban Arenaviruses Arsenic trioxide Asafetida Ascaris lumbricoides Asparaginase Asperigillus Atorvastatin Atovaquone Autoimmune hepatitis Azathioprine Babesia Bartonella Baylisascaris Benoxaprofen Bexarotene Black cohosh extract Bosentan Bosutinib Bromfenac Bumetanide Bunyaviruses Candida Capillaria hepatica Carbon tetrachloride Cardiac failure Carfilzomib Carnitine palmitoyltransferase deficiency Cascara Caspofungin Chaparral Chenodeoxycholic acid Chlamydia trachomatis Chlormezanone Chlorzoxazone Cholangiocarcinoma Cholestatic hepatitis Ciprofloxacin Cirrhosis of liver Clofarabine Clonorchiasis Combined oral contraceptive pill Comfrey Copper salts Coronaviridae Coxiella burnetti Crizotinib Cryptococcus Cryptosporidium Cyclobenzaprine Cystic fibrosis Cytomegalovirus Dantrolene Daptomycin Dasatinib Deferasirox Dengue Desipramine Diclofenac Dicrocoelium dendriticum fluke Disulfiram Docetaxel Donepezil Dothiepin Dronedarone Echinococcus Eclampsia Efavirenz Ehrlichia Eltrombopag Emtricitabine Entamoeba histolytica Entecavir Ephedra Epstein-Barr virus Erlotinib Erythromycin estolate Erythropoietic protoporphyria Erythrovirus Ethanol Ethinylestradiol Ethionamide Etretinate Fasciola hepatica Fasciolopsis buski Febuxostat Felbamate Fenofibrate

Filoviruses Fingolimod Flaviviruses Fluconazole Flucytosine Fluoxymesterone Flutamide Fluvastatin Fosamprenavir Frusemide Fusidic acid Ganciclovir Gemcitabine Gemtuzumab ozogamicin Glutaric acidemia Glycine N-methyltransferase deficiency Glycogenosis Gold salts Golimumab Graft versus host disease Gyromitrin Halothane Heat stroke HELLP syndrome Hemochromatosis Hemosiderosis Hepadnaviridae Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Hepatitis D Hepatitis E Hepatitis G virus Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepeviridae Herpes viruses HHH syndrome Histiocytosis X Histoplasma Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis Hyperemesis gravidarum Imatinib mesylate Imipenem Infantile papular acrodermatitis Infectious mononucleosis Interferon alpha Interferon beta Interleukin 2 Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy Ipilimumab Iron compounds Ischemic hepatitis Isoniazid Isospora Isotretinoin Kava root extract Kawasaki disease Ketoconazole Lapatinib ditosylate Lassa fever Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency Leflunomide Legionella pneumophila Leishmania Lemierre syndrome Leptospirosis Listeria Liver metastases Lovastatin Lyme disease Macrophage activation syndrome Maraviroc Marburg virus Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency Meropenem Mesalazine Methanol Methotrexate Methyldopa Methyldopa Methyldopate Metorchis Micafungin Microsporidium Minocycline Mirtazapine Mithramycin Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, hepatocerebral form Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycoplasma pneumoniae Naltrexone Nandrolone Nanukayami Natalizumab Navajo neurohepatopathy Necator Nelfinavir Nevirapine Niacin Nicotinic acid Nimesulide Nitisinone Nitrofurantoin Nocardia Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Norfloxacin North american indian childhood cirrhosis Nortriptyline Novosphingobium aromaticivorans Ondansetron Opisthorchiasis

Organic solvent Orientia tsutsugamushi Orthomyxoviruses Oxyphenisatine Paclitaxel Pancreatic cancer Para-amino salicylic acid Paracetamol Paragonimus Paraquat Parenteral nutrition Parvovirus B19 infection Parvoviruses Patent ductus venosus Pazopanib Pegvisomant Pemoline Pentostatin Phenelzine Phenylbutazone Phenytoin Picarnoviridae Plasmodium Polychlorinated biphenyls Porphyria cutanea tarda type 2 Pralatrexate Pravastatin Pre-eclampsia Primary biliary cirrhosis Procainamide Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis Propylthiouracil Prothionamide Prototheca Psittacosis Pyrazinamide Pyritinol Pyrrolizidine alkaloids Q fever Radiotherapy Regorafenib Reovirus Reye syndrome Rhodococcus Rickettsia Rifabutin Rifampicin Riluzole Ritonavir Rivaroxaban Rosuvastatin Salmonella Saquinavir Schistosoma haematobium Secondary syphilis Selenium Sickle cell disease Simvastatin Sitaxentan Sorafenib Stanozolol Statins Streptococcus pyogenes Strongyloides stercoralis Succimer Suloctidil Sulphasalazine Sulphinpyrazone Systemic lupus erythematosus Systemic sclerosis Sytemic primary carnitine deficiency Tegafur Telithromycin Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate Teriflunomide Tertiary syphilis Thiabendazole Thioguanine Ticlopidine Tipranavir Tizanidine Tolbutamide Tolcapone Tolrestat Toluene Toxocara Toxoplasma Trabectedin Treponema pallidum Troglitazone Trovafloxacin Typhoid fever Typhus Tyrosinemia Ursodeoxycholic acid Valganciclovir Valproic acid Velnacrine Verapamil Vinyl chloride Viral haemorrhagic fever Visceral leishmaniasis Voriconazole Wilson disease Ximelagatran X-linked lymphoproliferative disease Yellow fever Yersinia Zellweger spectrum Zotepine