Neutropenia causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]

Overview

Various mechanisms and factors come to play with respect to the causes of neutropenia which could arise from decreased production of neutrophils in the bone marrow; commonly from drugs, cancer, radiation and vitamin B12 deficiency or folate deficiency or could be caused by increased destruction (for example from aplastic anemia and chemotherapy. Marginalisation and sequestration of neutrophils also cause neutropenia following procedures such as hemodialysis.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

• Aplastic anemia
• Cancer
• Cytotoxic chemotherapy
• Hemodialysis
• Medications
• Radiation therapy
• Vitamin deficiencies e.g. folate, Vitamin B12

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical / poisoning	Arsenic trioxide, gold salts, strontium-89
Dermatologic	Chediak-Higashi disease, dyskeratosis congenita, x-linked, Elejalde syndrome , reticular dysgenesis, reticular dysplasia
Drug Side Effect	5-azacytidine, acetophenazine, aclarubicin, actinomycin D, acyclovir, aflibercept, albendazole, alemtuzumab, allopurinol, amantadine, amiloride, aminoglutethimide, aminopyrine, amiodarone,amodiaquine, ampicillin, aminoglutethimide, amsacrine, anakinra, anidulafungin, antibiotics, antipyrine, anti-thymocyte globulin, aprepitant, aripiprazole, arsenic trioxide, asenapine, atazanavir, atovaquone, auranofin, azacitidine, azathioprine, aztreonam, barbiturates, belinostat, benazepril, bendamustine, bevacizumab, blinatumomab, boceprevir, bortezomib, bosutinib, brentuximab, busulfan, cabazitaxel, cabozantinib, canakinumab, candesartan, capecitabine, captopril, carbimazole, carboplatin, carfilzomib, carmustine, cefaclor, cefadroxil, cefazolin, cefepime, cefixime, cefoperazone, cefotetan, cefotiam, cefoxitin, ceftaroline, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, cephalexin, cephapirin, cephradine, cetuximab, chemotherapy, chlorambucil, chloramphenicol, chloroquine, chlorpromazine, chlorthalidone, cidofovir, cilazapril, cimetidine, cisplatin, cladribine, clarithromycin, clindamycin, clofarabine, clopidogrel, clozapine, colchicine, crizotinib, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, cytosine arabinoside, dabrafenib,dacarbazine, daclatasvir, dactinomycin, dasatinib, daunorubicin, decitabine, deferasirox, deferiprone, delavirdine, desipramine, dexrazoxane, diatrizoate, diazepam, diazoxide, dicloxacillin, diflunisal, dipyrone, docetaxel, dolutegravir, doripenem, dothiepin, doxorubicin, doxycycline, efavirenz, eflornithine, elvitegravir, enalapril, enalaprilat, enfuvirtide, enzalutamide, epirubicin, eprosartan, eribulin, etanercept, ethacrynic acid, ethambutol, ethosuximide, ethotoin, etodolac, etoposide, everolimus, felbamate, fentanyl, fidaxomicin, flucytosine, fludarabine, fluorouracil, fluoxetine, fosamprenavir, foscarnet, fosinopril, ganciclovir, gemifloxacin mesylate, gefitinib, gemcitabine, glyburide, golimumab, griseofulvin, haloperidol, ibritumomab tiuxetan, ibrutinib, ibuprofen, idelalisib, iloperidone, imatinib, imipenem cilastatin, indomethacin, infliximab, interferon alfa-2a, interferon alfa-2b, interferon alfacon-1, interferon beta-1b, irinotecan, isotretinoin, itraconazole, ixabepilone, lamivudine, lamotrigine, lansoprazole, lenalidomide, levamisole, levetiracetam, lincomycin, linezolid, lisinopril, loxapine, lurasidone, maprotiline, maraviroc, meclofenamate, meropenem, mesalamine, methazolamide, methotrexate, methyldopa, metolazone, mexiletine, mianserin, micafungin, mifamurtide, minocycline, mirtazapine, mitotane, mitoxantrone, moexipril, moxalactam, mycophenolate, mycophenolic acid, nafcillin, naproxen, nefazodone, nelarabine, nelfinavir, nevirapine, nilotinib, nilutamide, norfloxacin, obinutuzumab, ofatumumab, ofloxacin, olanzapine, olaparib, olsalazine,omacetaxine, omeprazole, oprelvekin, oxacillin, oxaliplatin, paclitaxel, palbociclib, paliperidone, pantoprazole, pazopanib, peginterferon alfa-2a, peginterferon alfa-2b, pemetrexed, penicillin G, pentamidine, pentostatin, peramivir, perindopril, pertuzumab, phenytoin, piperacillin, piperaquine, piroxicam, pixantrone, pomalidomide, ponatinib, posaconazole, pralatrexate, prednisone, probenecid, procainamide, prochlorperazine, quetiapine, quinapril, quinine, radium chloride, ramipril, ramucirumab, ranitidine, rasburicase, regorafenib, ribavirin, rifabutin, rifapentine, rifaximin, rilonacept, riluzole, risperidone, ritodrine, ritonavir, rituximab, romidepsin, ruxolitinib, saquinavir, satraplatin, sirolimus, sodium aurothiomalate, sofosbuvir, sorafenib, stavudine, succimer, sulfasalazine, sulindac, sunitinib, suramin, tacrolimus, tedizolid, teicoplanin, temozolomide, temsirolimus, teniposide, tenofovir, terbinafine, teriflunomide, thalidomide, thiothixene, ticarcillin, ticlopidine, tipranavir, tocilizumab, tofacitinib, tolmetin, tolazamide, topotecan, tositumomab, trabectedin, trimethadione, trametinib, trandolapril, trastuzumab, trimethoprim, trimetrexate, valganciclovir, valproic acid, valrubicin, valsartan, vancomycin, vandetanib, vesnarinone, vincristine, vindesine, vinflunine, vinorelbine, zidovudine, zileuton, ziprasidone, ziv-aflibercept, zoledronic acid
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Hyperthyroidism
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Glycogen storage disorder, hypersplenism, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome
Genetic	Barth syndrome, cartilage-hair hypoplasia, Chediak-Higashi disease, Cohen syndrome, Dubowitz syndrome, Elejalde syndrome , familial histiocytic reticulosis, Fanconi syndrome, fumarate hydratase deficiency, Griscelli syndrome type 1, methylmalonic aciduria, myelokathexis, propionic acidemia, propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency PCCA type, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, WHIM syndrome
Hematologic	Alloimmune neonatal neutropenia, alloimmune neutropenia in infancy, aplastic anemia, autoimmune neutropenia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, cyclical neutropenia, familial histiocytic reticulosis, Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, histiocytosis X, hypersplenism, Kostmann disease, myelodysplastic syndrome, myelofibrosis, pancytopenia, paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, x-linked agammaglobulinemia
Iatrogenic	Hemodialysis, radiation therapy
Infectious Disease	Brucellosis, cytomegalovirus, dengue, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, human immunodeficiency virus, human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, kala azar, Kostmann disease, lassa fever, Lyme disease, malaria, measles, rickettsiae, rickettsial infections, rocky mountain spotted fever, rubella, salmonella infection, sepsis, severe acute respiratory syndrome, shigellosis, tuberculosis, tularemia, varicella, visceral leishmaniasis, WHIM syndrome
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	Cartilage-hair hypoplasia, metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, Mckusick type
Neurologic	Fumarate hydratase deficiency
Nutritional / Metabolic	Copper deficiency, glutathione synthase deficiency, glycogen storage disorder, glycogenosis type 1b, hereditary orotic aciduria, isovaleric acidemia, methylmalonic aciduria, propionic acidemia, propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency PCCA type, vitamin deficiencies
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, histiocytosis X, leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, myelofibrosis
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	Alcoholism
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Severe acute respiratory syndrome
Renal / Electrolyte	Fanconi syndrome
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Alloimmune neonatal neutropenia, alloimmune neutropenia in infancy, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 1, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 2, autoimmune neutropenia, common variable immune deficiency, Felty's syndrome, histiocytosis X, hyper-immunoglobulin M syndrome, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, secondary autoimmune neutropenia, WHIM syndrome, x-linked agammaglobulinemia, x-linked hyperimmunoglobulin M syndrome
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

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