Minimal change disease history and symptoms: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
==Clinical Features==
The hallmark of minimal change disease in children is acute-onset proteinuria that progresses into nephrotic syndrome. Fatigue and subsequent edema develops with symptoms of periorbital edema and weight gain.<ref name="pmid17699450">{{cite journal| author=Waldman M, Crew RJ, Valeri A, Busch J, Stokes B, Markowitz G et al.| title=Adult minimal-change disease: clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes. | journal=Clin J Am Soc Nephrol | year= 2007 | volume= 2 | issue= 3 | pages= 445-53 | pmid=17699450 | doi=10.2215/CJN.03531006 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17699450  }} </ref> Children are less likely to present with other clinical features, such as hypertension, renal failure, or hematuria.<ref name="pmid17699450">{{cite journal| author=Waldman M, Crew RJ, Valeri A, Busch J, Stokes B, Markowitz G et al.| title=Adult minimal-change disease: clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes. | journal=Clin J Am Soc Nephrol | year= 2007 | volume= 2 | issue= 3 | pages= 445-53 | pmid=17699450 | doi=10.2215/CJN.03531006 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17699450  }} </ref><ref name="pmid17195422">{{cite journal| author=Saha TC, Singh H| title=Minimal change disease: a review. | journal=South Med J | year= 2006 | volume= 99 | issue= 11 | pages= 1264-70 | pmid=17195422 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17195422  }} </ref>


In contrast, adults are more likely to present with hypertension in approximately 40% of cases, and hematuria in approximately 30% of cases. A reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at presentation is also not uncommon. Finally, infections, such as pneumonia in an otherwise healthy individual, may be the first sign of nephrotic syndrome in minimal change disease.<ref name="pmid17699450">{{cite journal| author=Waldman M, Crew RJ, Valeri A, Busch J, Stokes B, Markowitz G et al.| title=Adult minimal-change disease: clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes. | journal=Clin J Am Soc Nephrol | year= 2007 | volume= 2 | issue= 3 | pages= 445-53 | pmid=17699450 | doi=10.2215/CJN.03531006 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17699450  }} </ref>
==Symptoms==
 
* Fatigue
Other non-specific symptoms may include irritability, headache, and depression.<ref name="pmid17195422">{{cite journal| author=Saha TC, Singh H| title=Minimal change disease: a review. | journal=South Med J | year= 2006 | volume= 99 | issue= 11 | pages= 1264-70 | pmid=17195422 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17195422  }} </ref>
* Edema: periorbital edema, weight gain<ref name="pmid17699450">{{cite journal| author=Waldman M, Crew RJ, Valeri A, Busch J, Stokes B, Markowitz G et al.| title=Adult minimal-change disease: clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes. | journal=Clin J Am Soc Nephrol | year= 2007 | volume= 2 | issue= 3 | pages= 445-53 | pmid=17699450 | doi=10.2215/CJN.03531006 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17699450  }} </ref>
 
* Hypertension
Symptoms due to complications of nephrotic syndrome are also described, such as symptoms of thromboembolic events, cardiovascular disease, thyroid dysfunction, hypocalcemia and hypovitaminosis D.<ref name="pmid17195422">{{cite journal| author=Saha TC, Singh H| title=Minimal change disease: a review. | journal=South Med J | year= 2006 | volume= 99 | issue= 11 | pages= 1264-70 | pmid=17195422 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17195422  }} </ref>
* Red urine<ref name="pmid17699450">{{cite journal| author=Waldman M, Crew RJ, Valeri A, Busch J, Stokes B, Markowitz G et al.| title=Adult minimal-change disease: clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes. | journal=Clin J Am Soc Nephrol | year= 2007 | volume= 2 | issue= 3 | pages= 445-53 | pmid=17699450 | doi=10.2215/CJN.03531006 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17699450 }} </ref><ref name="pmid17195422">{{cite journal| author=Saha TC, Singh H| title=Minimal change disease: a review. | journal=South Med J | year= 2006 | volume= 99 | issue= 11 | pages= 1264-70 | pmid=17195422 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17195422 }} </ref>
* Symptoms of infections, such as pneumonia<ref name="pmid17699450">{{cite journal| author=Waldman M, Crew RJ, Valeri A, Busch J, Stokes B, Markowitz G et al.| title=Adult minimal-change disease: clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes. | journal=Clin J Am Soc Nephrol | year= 2007 | volume= 2 | issue= 3 | pages= 445-53 | pmid=17699450 | doi=10.2215/CJN.03531006 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17699450  }} </ref>
* Irritability
* Headache
* Depression.<ref name="pmid17195422">{{cite journal| author=Saha TC, Singh H| title=Minimal change disease: a review. | journal=South Med J | year= 2006 | volume= 99 | issue= 11 | pages= 1264-70 | pmid=17195422 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17195422  }} </ref>
* Symptoms due to complications of nephrotic syndrome:
** Thromboembolic events
** Cardiovascular disease
** Thyroid dysfunction
** Hypocalcemia
** Hypovitaminosis D<ref name="pmid17195422">{{cite journal| author=Saha TC, Singh H| title=Minimal change disease: a review. | journal=South Med J | year= 2006 | volume= 99 | issue= 11 | pages= 1264-70 | pmid=17195422 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17195422  }} </ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 16:28, 5 April 2015

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yazan Daaboul, Serge Korjian

Overview

Symptoms

  • Fatigue
  • Edema: periorbital edema, weight gain[1]
  • Hypertension
  • Red urine[1][2]
  • Symptoms of infections, such as pneumonia[1]
  • Irritability
  • Headache
  • Depression.[2]
  • Symptoms due to complications of nephrotic syndrome:
    • Thromboembolic events
    • Cardiovascular disease
    • Thyroid dysfunction
    • Hypocalcemia
    • Hypovitaminosis D[2]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Waldman M, Crew RJ, Valeri A, Busch J, Stokes B, Markowitz G; et al. (2007). "Adult minimal-change disease: clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes". Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2 (3): 445–53. doi:10.2215/CJN.03531006. PMID 17699450.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Saha TC, Singh H (2006). "Minimal change disease: a review". South Med J. 99 (11): 1264–70. PMID 17195422.

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