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===Urine=== | ===Urine=== | ||
24-hour urinary analysis is indicated in the work-up of minimal change disease. | * 24-hour urinary analysis is indicated in the work-up of minimal change disease.<ref name="pmid27940460">{{cite journal |vauthors=Vivarelli M, Massella L, Ruggiero B, Emma F |title=Minimal Change Disease |journal=Clin J Am Soc Nephrol |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=332–345 |date=February 2017 |pmid=27940460 |pmc=5293332 |doi=10.2215/CJN.05000516 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Elevated [[urinary specific gravity]] | |||
*[[Proteinuria]] that might reach [[nephrotic]] range | *Elevated [[urinary specific gravity]]. | ||
*High urinary protein-[[creatinine]] ratio | *[[Proteinuria]] that might reach [[nephrotic]] range. | ||
*Microscopic [[hematuria]] | *High urinary protein-[[creatinine]] ratio. | ||
*Lipid-laden cells | *Microscopic [[hematuria]]. | ||
*Lipid-laden cells. | |||
*Gross hematuria.<ref name="pmid279404602">{{cite journal |vauthors=Vivarelli M, Massella L, Ruggiero B, Emma F |title=Minimal Change Disease |journal=Clin J Am Soc Nephrol |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=332–345 |date=February 2017 |pmid=27940460 |pmc=5293332 |doi=10.2215/CJN.05000516 |url=}}</ref> | |||
*Urinary dipstick showing 3+/4+ proteinuria (≥300 mg/dl).<ref name="pmid279404603">{{cite journal |vauthors=Vivarelli M, Massella L, Ruggiero B, Emma F |title=Minimal Change Disease |journal=Clin J Am Soc Nephrol |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=332–345 |date=February 2017 |pmid=27940460 |pmc=5293332 |doi=10.2215/CJN.05000516 |url=}}</ref> | |||
*Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio >200 mg/mmol. | |||
*Urine proteins >3.5 g/d in adults.<ref name="pmid17699450">{{cite journal |vauthors=Waldman M, Crew RJ, Valeri A, Busch J, Stokes B, Markowitz G, D'Agati V, Appel G |title=Adult minimal-change disease: clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes |journal=Clin J Am Soc Nephrol |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=445–53 |date=May 2007 |pmid=17699450 |doi=10.2215/CJN.03531006 |url=}}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yazan Daaboul, Serge Korjian
Overview
Laboratory findings in minimal change disease include elevated hematocrit, pseudohyponatremia, hypocalcemia, and abnormal lipid panel. Findings of urine analysis include elevated urinary specific gravity, proteinuria that might reach nephrotic range, high urinary protein-creatinine ratio, microscopic hematuria, and lipid-laden cells.
Laboratory Findings
Blood
- Elevated hematocrit due to volume contraction
- Serum electrolytes may show pesudohyponatremia, defined as low serum sodium levels due to elevated serum lipids
- Hypocalcemia
- Hypovitaminosis D
- Normal/elevated serum creatinine
- Hypoalbuminemia
- Abnormal lipid profile (total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides)
- ANA panel is usually normal
- Complement levels are usually normal
Urine
- 24-hour urinary analysis is indicated in the work-up of minimal change disease.[1]
- Elevated urinary specific gravity.
- Proteinuria that might reach nephrotic range.
- High urinary protein-creatinine ratio.
- Microscopic hematuria.
- Lipid-laden cells.
- Gross hematuria.[2]
- Urinary dipstick showing 3+/4+ proteinuria (≥300 mg/dl).[3]
- Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio >200 mg/mmol.
- Urine proteins >3.5 g/d in adults.[4]
References
- ↑ Vivarelli M, Massella L, Ruggiero B, Emma F (February 2017). "Minimal Change Disease". Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 12 (2): 332–345. doi:10.2215/CJN.05000516. PMC 5293332. PMID 27940460.
- ↑ Vivarelli M, Massella L, Ruggiero B, Emma F (February 2017). "Minimal Change Disease". Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 12 (2): 332–345. doi:10.2215/CJN.05000516. PMC 5293332. PMID 27940460.
- ↑ Vivarelli M, Massella L, Ruggiero B, Emma F (February 2017). "Minimal Change Disease". Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 12 (2): 332–345. doi:10.2215/CJN.05000516. PMC 5293332. PMID 27940460.
- ↑ Waldman M, Crew RJ, Valeri A, Busch J, Stokes B, Markowitz G, D'Agati V, Appel G (May 2007). "Adult minimal-change disease: clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes". Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2 (3): 445–53. doi:10.2215/CJN.03531006. PMID 17699450.