Shigella: Difference between revisions

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Shigella
	; Photomicrograph of Shigella sp. in a stool specimen
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria;
Phylum:	Proteobacteria;
Class:	Gamma Proteobacteria;
Order:	Enterobacteriales;
Family:	Enterobacteriaceae;
Genus:	Shigella; Castellani & Chalmers 1919
Species
	S. boydii; S. dysenteriae; S. flexneri; S. sonnei;

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Revision as of 21:19, 5 April 2015

This article is about the bacteria. For the disease, see shigellosis

Shigella is a genus of Gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore forming rod-shaped bacteria closely related to Escherichia coli and Salmonella. The causative agent of human shigellosis, Shigella also cause disease in other primates, but not in other mammals.^[1]

External Links

Genome information is available at the NIAID Enteropathogen Resource Integration Center (ERIC)

References

↑ Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed. ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.

ca:Shigel·la da:Shigella de:Shigella fa:شیگلا ko:이질균 it:Shigella he:Shigella nl:Shigella no:Shigella sv:Shigella uk:Shigella

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[1] Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed. ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.

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 '''''Shigella''''' is a [[genus]] of [[Gram-negative]], [[Motility|non-motile]], [[Endospore|non-spore forming]] rod-shaped [[bacterium|bacteria]] closely related to ''[[Escherichia coli]]'' and ''[[Salmonella]]''. The causative agent of human [[shigellosis]], ''Shigella'' also cause disease in other [[primate]]s, but not in other mammals.<ref>{{cite book | author = Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) | title = Sherris Medical Microbiology | edition = 4th ed. | publisher = McGraw Hill | year = 2004 |isbn = 0-8385-8529-9 }}</ref>
-== Pathogenesis ==
-''Shigella'' infection is typically via ingestion (fecal–oral contamination); depending on age and condition of the host as few as ten bacterial cells can be enough to cause an infection. ''Shigella'' cause [[dysentery]] that results in the destruction of the epithelial cells of the intestinal mucosa in the [[cecum]] and [[rectum]]. Some strains produce [[enterotoxin]] and [[Shiga toxin]], similar to the [[verotoxin]] of [[Escherichia coli O157 H7|''E. coli'' O157:H7]].<ref>{{cite book | author =  Hale TL, Keusch GT | title = Shigella. ''in:'' Baron's Medical Microbiology ''(Baron S ''et al'', eds.)| edition = 4th ed. | publisher = Univ of Texas Medical Branch | year = 1996 | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mmed.chapter.1257 | isbn =  0-9631172-1-1 }}</ref> Both Shiga toxin and verotoxin are associated with causing [[hemolytic uremic syndrome]].
-''Shigella'' invade the host through [[epithelial cell]]s of the [[small intestine]]. Using a Type III secretion system acting as a biological syringe, the bacterium injects ''Ipa'' protein into cell, triggering bacterial invasion, and the subsequently [[lysis]] of [[Vacuole|vacuolar]] membranes. It utilizes a mechanism for its motility by which its IcsA triggers actin polymerization in the host cell in a "rocket" propulsion fashion for cell-to-cell spread.
-The most common symptoms are diarrhea, fever, nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, and straining to have a bowel movement. The stool may contain blood, mucus, or pus (e.g. dysentery). In rare cases, young children may have [[seizure]]s. Symptoms can take as long as a week to show up, but most often begin two to four days after ingestion. Symptoms usually last for several days, but can last for weeks. Shigella is implicated as one of the pathogenic causes of [[reactive arthritis]] worldwide.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Hill Gaston JS, Lillicrap MS |title=Arthritis associated with enteric infection |journal=Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=219-39 |year=2003 |pmid=12787523 |doi=}}</ref>
-Severe dysentery can be treated with [[ampicillin]], [[Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole|TMP-SMX]], or [[fluoroquinolone]]s such as [[ciprofloxacin]].
 == External Links ==

Shigella: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 21:19, 5 April 2015

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