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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The diagnosis of sleep apnea | The diagnosis of sleep apnea is listed in the DSM-V guidelines using either either the Apnea Hyponea Index (AHI) or the Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI). | ||
==Sleep Apnea | ==Sleep Apnea Diagnostic Criteria== | ||
The common indices used to assess breathing are Apnea Hyponea Index (AHI) and Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI) | The common indices used to assess breathing are Apnea Hyponea Index (AHI) and Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI) | ||
*AHI is the number of apneas or hypopneas recorded during the study per hour of sleep | *AHI is the number of apneas or hypopneas recorded during the study per hour of sleep | ||
*RDI is the average number of respiratory disturbances (obstructive apneas, hypopneas, and respiratory event-related arousals [RERAs]) per hour | *RDI is the average number of respiratory disturbances (obstructive apneas, hypopneas, and respiratory event-related arousals [RERAs]) per hour | ||
:*None/Minimal: | ::*'''None/Minimal OSA''': AHI = 0-4 | ||
:*Mild: | ::*'''Mild OSA''': AHI = 5-14: Patients may either be asymptomatic or may complain of sleepiness when they are sedentary. The daytime sleepiness often does not impair the patients' quality of life. | ||
:*Moderate: | ::*'''Moderate OSA''': AHI = 15-29: Patients are usually symptomatic. | ||
:*Severe: ≥ 30 | ::*'''Severe OSA''': AHI ≥ 30: Patients' symptoms are severe enough to interfere with daily activities. They may fall asleep during activities that require attention (e.g. driving) | ||
===DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria for Central Sleep Apnea=== | ===DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria for Central Sleep Apnea=== | ||
At least one of the following criteria must be met:<ref name=DSMV>{{cite book | title = Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 | publisher = American Psychiatric Association | location = Washington, D.C | year = 2013 | isbn = 0890425558 }}</ref>: | |||
1. Evidence by [[polysomnography]] of AHI or RDI greater than or equal to 5 and less than or equal to 14 events per hour of sleep and either of the following sleep symptoms: | 1. Evidence by [[polysomnography]] of AHI or RDI greater than or equal to 5 and less than or equal to 14 events per hour of sleep and either of the following sleep symptoms: | ||
*[[Nocturnal]] breathing disturbances: snoring, snorting/gasping, or breathing pauses during sleep | *[[Nocturnal]] breathing disturbances: snoring, snorting/gasping, or breathing pauses during sleep | ||
*Daytime sleepiness, fatigue, or unrefreshing sleep despite sufficient opportunities to sleep that is not better explained by another mental disorder (including a sleep disorder) and is not attributable to another medical condition | *Daytime sleepiness, fatigue, or unrefreshing sleep despite sufficient opportunities to sleep that is not better explained by another mental disorder (including a sleep disorder) and is not attributable to another medical condition | ||
'''OR''' | |||
2. Evidence by [[polysomnography]] of AHI or RDI greater than or equal to 15 events per hour of sleep regardless of accompanying symptoms | 2. Evidence by [[polysomnography]] of AHI or RDI greater than or equal to 15 events per hour of sleep regardless of accompanying symptoms | ||
===DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria for Central Sleep Apnea=== | ===DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria for Central Sleep Apnea=== | ||
Both criteria must be met:<ref name=DSMV>{{cite book | title = Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 | publisher = American Psychiatric Association | location = Washington, D.C | year = 2013 | isbn = 0890425558 }}</ref>: | |||
1. Evidence by [[polysomnography]] of AHI or RDI greater than or equal to 5 events per hour of sleep | 1. Evidence by [[polysomnography]] of AHI or RDI greater than or equal to 5 events per hour of sleep | ||
'''AND''' | |||
2. The disorder is not better explained by another current sleep disorder | 2. The disorder is not better explained by another current sleep disorder | ||
Revision as of 20:09, 8 July 2015
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saarah T. Alkhairy, M.D.
Overview
The diagnosis of sleep apnea is listed in the DSM-V guidelines using either either the Apnea Hyponea Index (AHI) or the Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI).
Sleep Apnea Diagnostic Criteria
The common indices used to assess breathing are Apnea Hyponea Index (AHI) and Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI)
- AHI is the number of apneas or hypopneas recorded during the study per hour of sleep
- RDI is the average number of respiratory disturbances (obstructive apneas, hypopneas, and respiratory event-related arousals [RERAs]) per hour
- None/Minimal OSA: AHI = 0-4
- Mild OSA: AHI = 5-14: Patients may either be asymptomatic or may complain of sleepiness when they are sedentary. The daytime sleepiness often does not impair the patients' quality of life.
- Moderate OSA: AHI = 15-29: Patients are usually symptomatic.
- Severe OSA: AHI ≥ 30: Patients' symptoms are severe enough to interfere with daily activities. They may fall asleep during activities that require attention (e.g. driving)
DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria for Central Sleep Apnea
At least one of the following criteria must be met:[1]:
1. Evidence by polysomnography of AHI or RDI greater than or equal to 5 and less than or equal to 14 events per hour of sleep and either of the following sleep symptoms:
- Nocturnal breathing disturbances: snoring, snorting/gasping, or breathing pauses during sleep
- Daytime sleepiness, fatigue, or unrefreshing sleep despite sufficient opportunities to sleep that is not better explained by another mental disorder (including a sleep disorder) and is not attributable to another medical condition
OR 2. Evidence by polysomnography of AHI or RDI greater than or equal to 15 events per hour of sleep regardless of accompanying symptoms
DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria for Central Sleep Apnea
Both criteria must be met:[1]:
1. Evidence by polysomnography of AHI or RDI greater than or equal to 5 events per hour of sleep AND 2. The disorder is not better explained by another current sleep disorder
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association. 2013. ISBN 0890425558.