Filariasis medical therapy: Difference between revisions
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===Antimicrobial Regimen=== | ===Antimicrobial Regimen=== | ||
:* '''Filariasis''' | :* '''Filariasis'''<ref>{{cite web | title = Drugs for Parasitic Infections (Treatment Guidelines from The Medical Letter) | url = http://secure.medicalletter.org/para }}</ref><ref name="pmid20739055">{{cite journal| author=Taylor MJ, Hoerauf A, Bockarie M| title=Lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis. | journal=Lancet | year= 2010 | volume= 376 | issue= 9747 | pages= 1175-85 | pmid=20739055 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60586-7 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20739055 }} </ref><ref name="pmid22632644">{{cite journal| author=Knopp S, Steinmann P, Hatz C, Keiser J, Utzinger J| title=Nematode infections: filariases. | journal=Infect Dis Clin North Am | year= 2012 | volume= 26 | issue= 2 | pages= 359-81 | pmid=22632644 | doi=10.1016/j.idc.2012.02.005 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22632644 }}</ref> | ||
: | ::* 1. '''Lymphatic filariasis caused by Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Brugia timori''' | ||
:::* Preferred regimen: [[Diethylcarbamazine]] 6 mg/kd/day PO tid for 12 days (single dose if patient will continue to live in endemic area or is younger than 9 years old) | |||
::* 2. '''Loa loa filariasis''' | |||
:::* Preferred regimen: [[Diethylcarbamazine]] 9 mg/kd/day PO tid for 21 days | |||
::* 3. ''' River blindness caused by Onchocerca volvulus''' | |||
:::* Preferred regimen: | :::* Preferred regimen: [[Ivermectin]] 150 μg/kg PO single dose, repeated every 6-12 mos until asymptomatic | ||
:::* Alternative regimen: [[Doxycycline]] 100 mg/day PO for 6 weeks, alone or followed by [[Ivermectin]] 150 μg/kg PO single dose | |||
:::* Note: Do <u>NOT</u> administer Diethylcarbamazine where onchocerciasis is endemic due to increased risk for severe local inflammation in patients with ocular microfilariae. | |||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category: Infectious Disease Project]] | [[Category: Infectious Disease Project]] | ||
[[Category: Disease]] | |||
[[Category: Infectious disease]] | |||
[[Category: Neglected diseases]] | |||
[[Category: Parasitic diseases]] | |||
Revision as of 23:13, 30 July 2015
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Medical Therapy
Different drugs are recommended for the treatment of filariasis depending on the specific causal agent.
Lymphatic Filariasis
- Shown below is a table summarizing the preferred and alternative empiric treatment for Lymphatic filariasis.[1]
| Characteristics of the Patient | Possible Pathogens | Preferred Treatment | Duration of Treatment |
| Adults and children > 18 months of age | Wuchereria bancrofti
OR Brugia malayi |
Diethylcarbamazine Citrate
(6mg/kg/day) |
Either a 1 day or 12 day treatment course |
Onchocerciasis
- Shown below is a table summarizing the preferred and alternative empiric treatment for Onchocerciasis[2]
| Characteristics of the Patient | Possible Pathogens | Preferred Treatment | Duration of Treatment | Alternative Treatment |
| Adult | Onchocerca volvulus (microfilariae) | Ivermectin
150 mcg/kg orally in one dose |
Every 6 months | Doxycycline
200 mg orally daily for 6 weeks |
| Pediatric | Onchocerca volvulus (microfilariae) | Ivermectin
150 mcg/kg orally in one dose |
Every 6 months | Doxycycline
200 mg orally daily for 6 weeks |
Loa Loa Filariasis
- Shown below is a table summarizing the preferred treatment for Loa loa filariasis[3]
| Characteristics of the Patient | Possible Pathogens | Preferred Treatment | Duration of Treatment |
| Symptomatic loiasis with MF/mL <8,000 | Loa loa | Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)
8–10 mg/kg orally in 3 divided doses daily |
For 21 days |
| Symptomatic loiasis, with MF/mL <8,000 and failed 2 rounds DEC
OR Symptomatic loiasis, with MF/ml ≥8,000 to reduce level to <8,000 prior to treatment with DEC |
Loa loa | Albendazole
200 mg orally twice daily |
For 21 days |
| Symptomatic loiasis, with MF/mL ≥8,000 | Apheresis* followed by DEC | N/A | N/A |
(*)Apharesis should be performed at an institution with experience in using this therapeutic modality for loiasis.
Antimicrobial Regimen
-
- 1. Lymphatic filariasis caused by Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Brugia timori
- Preferred regimen: Diethylcarbamazine 6 mg/kd/day PO tid for 12 days (single dose if patient will continue to live in endemic area or is younger than 9 years old)
- 2. Loa loa filariasis
- Preferred regimen: Diethylcarbamazine 9 mg/kd/day PO tid for 21 days
- 3. River blindness caused by Onchocerca volvulus
- Preferred regimen: Ivermectin 150 μg/kg PO single dose, repeated every 6-12 mos until asymptomatic
- Alternative regimen: Doxycycline 100 mg/day PO for 6 weeks, alone or followed by Ivermectin 150 μg/kg PO single dose
- Note: Do NOT administer Diethylcarbamazine where onchocerciasis is endemic due to increased risk for severe local inflammation in patients with ocular microfilariae.
References
- ↑ http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/lymphaticfilariasis/health_professionals/dxtx.html
- ↑ http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/onchocerciasis/health_professionals/index.html#dx
- ↑ http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/loiasis/health_professionals/index.html#tx
- ↑ "Drugs for Parasitic Infections (Treatment Guidelines from The Medical Letter)".
- ↑ Taylor MJ, Hoerauf A, Bockarie M (2010). "Lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis". Lancet. 376 (9747): 1175–85. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60586-7. PMID 20739055.
- ↑ Knopp S, Steinmann P, Hatz C, Keiser J, Utzinger J (2012). "Nematode infections: filariases". Infect Dis Clin North Am. 26 (2): 359–81. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2012.02.005. PMID 22632644.