Anal cancer risk factors: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 15:56, 26 August 2015

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Common risk factors associated with anal cancer are:

Sexual activity: Having multiple sex partners or having anal sex, due to the increased risk of exposure to the HPV virus.^[2]

Smoking: Current smokers are several times more likely to develop anal cancer compared with nonsmokers.^[2]

↑ New England Journal of Medicine. 1997 Nov 6;337(19):1350-8
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 American Cancer Society."What Are the Risk Factors for Anal Cancer?"

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 ==Overview==
-==Risk factors==
+==Common Risk Factors==
-*[[Human papillomavirus]] (HPV) infection: An examination of squamous cell carcinoma tumor tissues from patients in Denmark and Sweden showed a high proportion of anal cancers to be positive for the types of HPV that are also associated with high risk of cervical cancer (90% of the tumors from women, 100% of the tumors from homosexual men, and 58% of tumors from heterosexual men).<ref>Danish Medical Bulletin. 2002 Aug;49(3):194-209</ref> In another study done, high-risk types of HPV, notably HPV-16, were detected in 84 percent of anal cancer specimens examined.<ref>New England Journal of Medicine. 1997 Nov 6;337(19):1350-8</ref>
+Common risk factors associated with anal cancer are:
+*[[Human papillomavirus]] (HPV) infection, notably HPV-16.<ref>New England Journal of Medicine. 1997 Nov 6;337(19):1350-8</ref>
 *Sexual activity: Having multiple sex partners or having [[anal sex]], due to the increased risk of exposure to the HPV virus.<ref name="ACS">American Cancer Society.[http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_2X_What_are_the_risk_factors_for_Anal_Cancer_47.asp?sitearea "What Are the Risk Factors for Anal Cancer?"]</ref>