Brain Stem Gliomas pathophysiology: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 18:09, 26 August 2015

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

The brain stem gliomas are classified into 4 subtypes, and each has its distinct histological features:

Diffuse astrocytoma
- Usually fibrillary astrocytomas
- WHO grades II-IV
- Grade does not impact on prognosis, and thus biopsy is usually not necessary
Focal glioma
- Fibrillary astrocytoma (grade II): most common histology
- Pilocytic astrocytoma
- Ganglioglioma
(Dorsally) exophytic glioma
- Low grade astrocytoma
- Ganglioglioma
NF1-associated brainstem glioma
- Seen in up to 9% of NF1 patients
- Most frequently seen in the medulla
- Appears similar to a sporadic focal brainstem glioma but has an even better prognosis, with little if any progression

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 ==Pathophysiology==
+The brain stem gliomas are classified into 4 subtypes, and each has its distinct histological features:
-These tumors have a predilection to originate from the left side. Most are located in the [[pons]]; however, [[medulla]] and [[midbrain]] may be involved as well. Brainstem gliomas are highly aggressive brain tumors.
+*Diffuse astrocytoma
+**Usually fibrillary astrocytomas
-Anatomic location determines the pathophysiological manifestation of the tumor. With tectal lesions, [[hydrocephalus]] may occur as a result of fourth ventricular compression. With pontine and cervicomedullary lesions, cranial nerve or long tract signs are observed commonly.
+**WHO grades II-IV
+**Grade does not impact on prognosis, and thus biopsy is usually not necessary
+*Focal glioma
+**Fibrillary astrocytoma (grade II): ''most common histology''
+**Pilocytic astrocytoma
+**Ganglioglioma
+*(Dorsally) exophytic glioma
+**Low grade astrocytoma
+**Ganglioglioma
+*NF1-associated brainstem glioma
+**Seen in up to 9% of NF1 patients
+**Most frequently seen in the medulla
+**Appears similar to a sporadic focal brainstem glioma but has an even better prognosis, with little if any progression
 ==References==