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| ==Pathophysiology== | | ==Pathophysiology== |
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| {{main|Germ cell tumor}}
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| Although testicular cancer can be derived from any cell type found in the testicles, more than 95% of testicular cancers are [[germ cell tumor]]s. Most of the remaining 5% derive from [[Leydig cell]]s or [[Sertoli cell]]s. Thus, the focus of diagnosis is on determining which germ cell tumor is present. Correct diagnosis is necessary to ensure the most effective and least harmful treatment. To some extent, this can be done via blood tests for [[tumor marker]]s, but differential diagnosis requires examination of the [[histology]] of a specimen by a [[pathologist]].
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| ===Microscopic pathology===
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| After removal, a testicular tumor is classified by a [[pathologist]] according to its [[histology]].
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| ==== Germ cell tumors of the testis, by frequency ====
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| {{main|Germ cell tumor}}
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| * 40% mixed (usually teratoma plus another)
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| * 35% [[seminoma]] ([[germinoma]] of the testis)
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| * 20% [[embryonal carcinoma]]
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| * 5% [[teratoma]] (pure)
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| * <1% [[choriocarcinoma]]
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| * [[Gonadoblastoma]]
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| Also: Intratubular germ cell [[neoplasm]]s (the in-situ stage of germ cell tumors)
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| ====Non-germ cell tumors of the testis====
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| * [[Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour|Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor]] (usually [[benign]])
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| * Gonadoblastomas [http://www.health.am/cr/testis-non-germ-cell-tumors/]
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| ====Secondary tumors of the testis====
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| * [[Lymphoma]]
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| * Leukemic infiltration of the testis
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| * [[Metastasis|Metastatic]] tumors [http://www.health.am/cr/more/secondary-tumors-of-the-testis/]
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| ==References== | | ==References== |