Prolactinoma surgery: Difference between revisions
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[[Surgery]] should be considered if medical therapy cannot be tolerated or if it fails to reduce [[prolactin]] levels, restore normal reproduction and [[pituitary]] function, and reduce tumor size. If medical therapy is only partially successful, this therapy should continue, possibly combined with surgery or [[radiation]] treatment. | [[Surgery]] should be considered if medical therapy cannot be tolerated or if it fails to reduce [[prolactin]] levels, restore normal reproduction and [[pituitary]] function, and reduce tumor size. If medical therapy is only partially successful, this therapy should continue, possibly combined with surgery or [[radiation]] treatment. | ||
==Surgery== | ==Surgery== | ||
Surgery should be considered if medical therapy cannot be tolerated or if it fails to reduce prolactin levels, restore normal reproduction and pituitary function, and reduce tumor size. If medical therapy is only partially successful, | |||
The results of surgery depend a great deal on tumor size and prolactin | Surgery to remove all or part of the tumor should only be considered if medical therapy cannot be tolerated or if it fails to reduce [[ prolactin]] levels, restore normal reproduction and [[pituitary]] function, and reduce tumor size. If medical therapy is only partially successful, it should be continued, possibly combined with surgery or [[radiation]]. | ||
Most often, the tumor is removed through the nasal cavity. Rarely, if the tumor is large or has spread to nearby brain tissue, the surgeon will access the tumor through an opening in the skull. | |||
The results of surgery depend a great deal on [[tumor]] size and prolactin levels as well as the skill and experience of the neurosurgeon. The higher the prolactin level before surgery, the lower the chance of normalizing serum prolactin. Serum is the portion of the blood used in measuring prolactin levels. In the best medical centers, surgery corrects prolactin levels in about 80 percent of patients with small tumors and a serum prolactin less than 200 nanograms per milliliter (ng/ml). A surgical cure for large tumors is lower, at 30 to 40 percent. Even in patients with large tumors that cannot be completely removed, drug therapy may be able to return serum prolactin to the normal range-20 ng/ml or less-after surgery. Depending on the size of the tumor and how much of it is removed, studies show that 20 to 50 percent will recur, usually within 5 years. | |||
==Radiation Therapy== | ==Radiation Therapy== | ||
Revision as of 13:01, 4 September 2015
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Prolactinoma Microchapters |
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Prolactinoma surgery On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Prolactinoma surgery |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Surgery should be considered if medical therapy cannot be tolerated or if it fails to reduce prolactin levels, restore normal reproduction and pituitary function, and reduce tumor size. If medical therapy is only partially successful, this therapy should continue, possibly combined with surgery or radiation treatment.
Surgery
Surgery to remove all or part of the tumor should only be considered if medical therapy cannot be tolerated or if it fails to reduce prolactin levels, restore normal reproduction and pituitary function, and reduce tumor size. If medical therapy is only partially successful, it should be continued, possibly combined with surgery or radiation.
Most often, the tumor is removed through the nasal cavity. Rarely, if the tumor is large or has spread to nearby brain tissue, the surgeon will access the tumor through an opening in the skull.
The results of surgery depend a great deal on tumor size and prolactin levels as well as the skill and experience of the neurosurgeon. The higher the prolactin level before surgery, the lower the chance of normalizing serum prolactin. Serum is the portion of the blood used in measuring prolactin levels. In the best medical centers, surgery corrects prolactin levels in about 80 percent of patients with small tumors and a serum prolactin less than 200 nanograms per milliliter (ng/ml). A surgical cure for large tumors is lower, at 30 to 40 percent. Even in patients with large tumors that cannot be completely removed, drug therapy may be able to return serum prolactin to the normal range-20 ng/ml or less-after surgery. Depending on the size of the tumor and how much of it is removed, studies show that 20 to 50 percent will recur, usually within 5 years.
Radiation Therapy
Rarely, radiation therapy is used if medical therapy and surgery fail to reduce prolactin levels. Depending on the size and location of the tumor, radiation is delivered in low doses over the course of 5 to 6 weeks or in a single high dose. Radiation therapy is effective about 30 percent of the time.