Endometrial cancer differential diagnosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Monalisa Dmello, M.B,B.S., M.D. [2]

Overview

In early stages endometrial cancer must be differentiated from diseases that cause abnormal uterine bleeding and endometrial thickening on ultrasound, such as endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial polyp and submucosal uterine leiomyoma. In advanced stages endometrial cancer must be differentiated from uterine sarcoma and uterine lymphoma.

Differentiating Endometrial Cancer From Other Diseases

• In early disease, uterine cancer must be differentiated from other diseases causing endometrial thickening:

• Benign endometrial proliferation
• Endometrial hyperplasia
• Endometrial polyp
• Submucosal uterine leiomyoma

• Differential considerations for advanced lesions include:

• Uterine sarcoma (s)

• Endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS)
• Leiomyosarcoma of the uterus
• Malignant mixed Mullerian tumour (MMMT) of the uterus

• Uterine lymphoma: rare

• Primary uterine lymphoma
• Secondary uterine involvement with lymphoma

• Cervical cancer with uterine invasion
• Metastasis to the uterus from a non gynaecologcial malignancy: rare