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==Overview==
==Overview==
Other imaging studies for gliomatosis cerebri include [[In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy|MR spectroscopy]] (decreased [[N-Acetylaspartic acid|NAA]]/[[creatine]] ratio and elevated [[choline]]/[[creatine]] ratio, [[choline]]/[[N-Acetylaspartic acid|NAA]] ratio, and [[myo-inositol|myoinositol]]), [[perfusion weighted imaging|MR perfusion]] (low/normal relative cerebral blood flow), [[PET scan]] (markedly decreased accumulation of [[Florbetapir (18F)|[18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose]] on [[PET|F-18 FDG PET]], [[hypermetabolism]] on [[PET|C-11 methionine PET]], and marked increase in cerebral blood flow on [[PET|15(O)-water PET]]), and [[bone scan]] (metastasis to [[bones]]).<ref name=aaa>Radiographic features of gliomatosis cerebri. Dr Henry Knipe and Dr Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/gliomatosis-cerebri</ref><ref name="pmid22740882">{{cite journal| author=Rajz GG, Nass D, Talianski E, Pfeffer R, Spiegelmann R, Cohen ZR| title=Presentation patterns and outcome of gliomatosis cerebri. | journal=Oncol Lett | year= 2012 | volume= 3 | issue= 1 | pages= 209-213 | pmid=22740882 | doi=10.3892/ol.2011.445 | pmc=PMC3362440 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22740882  }} </ref><ref name="pmid20334921">{{cite journal| author=Desclée P, Rommel D, Hernalsteen D, Godfraind C, de Coene B, Cosnard G| title=Gliomatosis cerebri, imaging findings of 12 cases. | journal=J Neuroradiol | year= 2010 | volume= 37 | issue= 3 | pages= 148-58 | pmid=20334921 | doi=10.1016/j.neurad.2009.12.001 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20334921  }} </ref><ref name="pmid24212625">{{cite journal| author=Beauchesne P| title=Extra-neural metastases of malignant gliomas: myth or reality? | journal=Cancers (Basel) | year= 2011 | volume= 3 | issue= 1 | pages= 461-77 | pmid=24212625 | doi=10.3390/cancers3010461 | pmc=PMC3756372 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24212625  }} </ref>
Other imaging studies for gliomatosis cerebri include [[In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy|MR spectroscopy]] (decreased [[N-Acetylaspartic acid]]/[[creatine]] ratio and elevated [[choline]]/[[creatine]] ratio, [[choline]]/[[N-Acetylaspartic acid|NAA]] ratio, and [[myo-inositol|myoinositol]]), [[perfusion weighted imaging|MR perfusion]] (low/normal relative cerebral blood flow), [[PET scan]] (markedly decreased accumulation of [[Florbetapir (18F)|[18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose]] on [[PET|F-18 FDG PET]], [[hypermetabolism]] on [[PET|C-11 methionine PET]], and marked increase in cerebral blood flow on [[PET|15(O)-water PET]]), and [[bone scan]] (metastasis to [[bones]]).<ref name=aaa>Radiographic features of gliomatosis cerebri. Dr Henry Knipe and Dr Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/gliomatosis-cerebri</ref><ref name="pmid22740882">{{cite journal| author=Rajz GG, Nass D, Talianski E, Pfeffer R, Spiegelmann R, Cohen ZR| title=Presentation patterns and outcome of gliomatosis cerebri. | journal=Oncol Lett | year= 2012 | volume= 3 | issue= 1 | pages= 209-213 | pmid=22740882 | doi=10.3892/ol.2011.445 | pmc=PMC3362440 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22740882  }} </ref><ref name="pmid20334921">{{cite journal| author=Desclée P, Rommel D, Hernalsteen D, Godfraind C, de Coene B, Cosnard G| title=Gliomatosis cerebri, imaging findings of 12 cases. | journal=J Neuroradiol | year= 2010 | volume= 37 | issue= 3 | pages= 148-58 | pmid=20334921 | doi=10.1016/j.neurad.2009.12.001 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20334921  }} </ref><ref name="pmid24212625">{{cite journal| author=Beauchesne P| title=Extra-neural metastases of malignant gliomas: myth or reality? | journal=Cancers (Basel) | year= 2011 | volume= 3 | issue= 1 | pages= 461-77 | pmid=24212625 | doi=10.3390/cancers3010461 | pmc=PMC3756372 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24212625  }} </ref>


==Other Imaging Findings==
==Other Imaging Findings==
Other imaging studies for gliomatosis cerebri include:<ref name=aaa>Radiographic features of gliomatosis cerebri. Dr Henry Knipe and Dr Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/gliomatosis-cerebri</ref><ref name="pmid22740882">{{cite journal| author=Rajz GG, Nass D, Talianski E, Pfeffer R, Spiegelmann R, Cohen ZR| title=Presentation patterns and outcome of gliomatosis cerebri. | journal=Oncol Lett | year= 2012 | volume= 3 | issue= 1 | pages= 209-213 | pmid=22740882 | doi=10.3892/ol.2011.445 | pmc=PMC3362440 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22740882  }} </ref><ref name="pmid20334921">{{cite journal| author=Desclée P, Rommel D, Hernalsteen D, Godfraind C, de Coene B, Cosnard G| title=Gliomatosis cerebri, imaging findings of 12 cases. | journal=J Neuroradiol | year= 2010 | volume= 37 | issue= 3 | pages= 148-58 | pmid=20334921 | doi=10.1016/j.neurad.2009.12.001 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20334921  }} </ref>
Other imaging studies for gliomatosis cerebri include:<ref name=aaa>Radiographic features of gliomatosis cerebri. Dr Henry Knipe and Dr Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/gliomatosis-cerebri</ref><ref name="pmid22740882">{{cite journal| author=Rajz GG, Nass D, Talianski E, Pfeffer R, Spiegelmann R, Cohen ZR| title=Presentation patterns and outcome of gliomatosis cerebri. | journal=Oncol Lett | year= 2012 | volume= 3 | issue= 1 | pages= 209-213 | pmid=22740882 | doi=10.3892/ol.2011.445 | pmc=PMC3362440 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22740882  }} </ref><ref name="pmid20334921">{{cite journal| author=Desclée P, Rommel D, Hernalsteen D, Godfraind C, de Coene B, Cosnard G| title=Gliomatosis cerebri, imaging findings of 12 cases. | journal=J Neuroradiol | year= 2010 | volume= 37 | issue= 3 | pages= 148-58 | pmid=20334921 | doi=10.1016/j.neurad.2009.12.001 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20334921  }} </ref>


===1. MR Spectroscopy===
===1. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy===
[[In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy|MR spectroscopy]] may be helpful in the diagnosis of gliomatosis cerebri. Findings on [[In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy|MR spectroscopy]] suggestive of gliomatosis cerebri include:<ref name=aaa>Radiographic features of gliomatosis cerebri. Dr Henry Knipe and Dr Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/gliomatosis-cerebri</ref><ref name="pmid20334921">{{cite journal| author=Desclée P, Rommel D, Hernalsteen D, Godfraind C, de Coene B, Cosnard G| title=Gliomatosis cerebri, imaging findings of 12 cases. | journal=J Neuroradiol | year= 2010 | volume= 37 | issue= 3 | pages= 148-58 | pmid=20334921 | doi=10.1016/j.neurad.2009.12.001 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20334921  }} </ref>
[[In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy|MR spectroscopy]] may be helpful in the diagnosis of gliomatosis cerebri. Findings on [[In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy|MR spectroscopy]] suggestive of gliomatosis cerebri include:<ref name=aaa>Radiographic features of gliomatosis cerebri. Dr Henry Knipe and Dr Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/gliomatosis-cerebri</ref><ref name="pmid20334921">{{cite journal| author=Desclée P, Rommel D, Hernalsteen D, Godfraind C, de Coene B, Cosnard G| title=Gliomatosis cerebri, imaging findings of 12 cases. | journal=J Neuroradiol | year= 2010 | volume= 37 | issue= 3 | pages= 148-58 | pmid=20334921 | doi=10.1016/j.neurad.2009.12.001 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20334921  }} </ref>
*Decreased [[N-Acetylaspartic acid|NAA]]/[[creatine]] ratio
*Decreased [[N-Acetylaspartic acid]]/[[creatine]] ratio
*Elevated [[choline]]/[[creatine]] ratio
*Elevated [[choline]]/[[creatine]] ratio
*Elevated [[choline]]/[[N-Acetylaspartic acid|NAA]] ratio
*Elevated [[choline]]/[[N-Acetylaspartic acid|NAA]] ratio
*Elevated [[myo-inositol|myoinositol]]
*Elevated [[myo-inositol|myoinositol]]


===2. MR Perfusion===
===2. Magnetic Resonance Perfusion===
[[perfusion weighted imaging|MR perfusion]] may be helpful in the diagnosis of gliomatosis cerebri. Findings on [[perfusion weighted imaging|MR perfusion]] suggestive of gliomatosis cerebri include:<ref name=aaa>Radiographic features of gliomatosis cerebri. Dr Henry Knipe and Dr Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/gliomatosis-cerebri</ref>
[[perfusion weighted imaging|MR perfusion]] may be helpful in the diagnosis of gliomatosis cerebri. Findings on [[perfusion weighted imaging|MR perfusion]] suggestive of gliomatosis cerebri include:<ref name=aaa>Radiographic features of gliomatosis cerebri. Dr Henry Knipe and Dr Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/gliomatosis-cerebri</ref>
*​Low/normal relative cerebral blood flow (no vascular [[hyperplasia]])
*​Low/normal relative cerebral blood flow (no vascular [[hyperplasia]])


===3. PET===
===3. Positron Emission Tomography===
[[PET scan]] may be helpful in the diagnosis of gliomatosis cerebri. Findings on [[PET scan]] suggestive of gliomatosis cerebri include:<ref name=aaa>Radiographic features of gliomatosis cerebri. Dr Henry Knipe and Dr Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/gliomatosis-cerebri</ref><ref name="pmid22740882">{{cite journal| author=Rajz GG, Nass D, Talianski E, Pfeffer R, Spiegelmann R, Cohen ZR| title=Presentation patterns and outcome of gliomatosis cerebri. | journal=Oncol Lett | year= 2012 | volume= 3 | issue= 1 | pages= 209-213 | pmid=22740882 | doi=10.3892/ol.2011.445 | pmc=PMC3362440 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22740882  }} </ref>
[[PET scan]] may be helpful in the diagnosis of gliomatosis cerebri. Findings on [[PET scan]] suggestive of gliomatosis cerebri include:<ref name=aaa>Radiographic features of gliomatosis cerebri. Dr Henry Knipe and Dr Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/gliomatosis-cerebri</ref><ref name="pmid22740882">{{cite journal| author=Rajz GG, Nass D, Talianski E, Pfeffer R, Spiegelmann R, Cohen ZR| title=Presentation patterns and outcome of gliomatosis cerebri. | journal=Oncol Lett | year= 2012 | volume= 3 | issue= 1 | pages= 209-213 | pmid=22740882 | doi=10.3892/ol.2011.445 | pmc=PMC3362440 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22740882  }} </ref>
*[[PET|F-18 FDG PET]] images show markedly decreased accumulation of [[Florbetapir (18F)|[18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose]] ([[glucose metabolism|glucose hypometabolism]]).
*[[PET|F-18 FDG PET]] images show markedly decreased accumulation of [[Florbetapir (18F)|[18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose]] ([[glucose metabolism|glucose hypometabolism]]).

Revision as of 01:15, 8 October 2015

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujit Routray, M.D. [2]

Overview

Other imaging studies for gliomatosis cerebri include MR spectroscopy (decreased N-Acetylaspartic acid/creatine ratio and elevated choline/creatine ratio, choline/NAA ratio, and myoinositol), MR perfusion (low/normal relative cerebral blood flow), PET scan (markedly decreased accumulation of [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose on F-18 FDG PET, hypermetabolism on C-11 methionine PET, and marked increase in cerebral blood flow on 15(O)-water PET), and bone scan (metastasis to bones).[1][2][3][4]

Other Imaging Findings

Other imaging studies for gliomatosis cerebri include:[1][2][3]

1. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

MR spectroscopy may be helpful in the diagnosis of gliomatosis cerebri. Findings on MR spectroscopy suggestive of gliomatosis cerebri include:[1][3]

2. Magnetic Resonance Perfusion

MR perfusion may be helpful in the diagnosis of gliomatosis cerebri. Findings on MR perfusion suggestive of gliomatosis cerebri include:[1]

  • ​Low/normal relative cerebral blood flow (no vascular hyperplasia)

3. Positron Emission Tomography

PET scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of gliomatosis cerebri. Findings on PET scan suggestive of gliomatosis cerebri include:[1][2]

4. Bone Scan

  • Most malignant gliomas get metastasized to the bones via the hematogenous spread.[4]
  • Bone scan may be performed to detect metastases of gliomatosis cerebri to bones.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Radiographic features of gliomatosis cerebri. Dr Henry Knipe and Dr Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/gliomatosis-cerebri
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Rajz GG, Nass D, Talianski E, Pfeffer R, Spiegelmann R, Cohen ZR (2012). "Presentation patterns and outcome of gliomatosis cerebri". Oncol Lett. 3 (1): 209–213. doi:10.3892/ol.2011.445. PMC 3362440. PMID 22740882.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Desclée P, Rommel D, Hernalsteen D, Godfraind C, de Coene B, Cosnard G (2010). "Gliomatosis cerebri, imaging findings of 12 cases". J Neuroradiol. 37 (3): 148–58. doi:10.1016/j.neurad.2009.12.001. PMID 20334921.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Beauchesne P (2011). "Extra-neural metastases of malignant gliomas: myth or reality?". Cancers (Basel). 3 (1): 461–77. doi:10.3390/cancers3010461. PMC 3756372. PMID 24212625.


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