Hypopharyngeal cancer risk factors: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
| Line 6: | Line 6: | ||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
Common risk factors | Common risk factors for the development of hypopharyngeal cancer are:<ref name=aaa>Hypopharyngeal cancer treatment. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/hypopharyngeal-treatment-pdq Accessed on October 7, 2015</ref> | ||
*Smoking tobacco | *Smoking tobacco | ||
*Chewing tobacco | *Chewing tobacco | ||
Revision as of 18:35, 12 October 2015
|
Hypopharyngeal cancer Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Hypopharyngeal cancer risk factors On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hypopharyngeal cancer risk factors |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Hypopharyngeal cancer risk factors |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [2]
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of hypopharyngeal cancer are smoking tobacco, chewing tobacco, heavy alcohol consumption, and Plummer-Vinson syndrome.[1]
Risk Factors
Common risk factors for the development of hypopharyngeal cancer are:[1]
- Smoking tobacco
- Chewing tobacco
- Heavy alcohol consumption
- Diet without essential nutrients
- Plummer-Vinson syndrome
- HPV infection
- Areca nut and betel quid
- Occupational exposures
- Organic solvents
- Coal dust
- Cement dust
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Hypopharyngeal cancer treatment. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/hypopharyngeal-treatment-pdq Accessed on October 7, 2015.