Uveal melanoma risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
Common risk factors in the development of uveal melanoma include: | Common risk factors in the development of uveal melanoma include: | ||
*Cutaneous and iris nevi | *Cutaneous and iris nevi<ref name="pmid19167086">{{cite journal| author=Weis E, Shah CP, Lajous M, Shields JA, Shields CL| title=The association of cutaneous and iris nevi with uveal melanoma: a meta-analysis. | journal=Ophthalmology | year= 2009 | volume= 116 | issue= 3 | pages= 536-543.e2 | pmid=19167086 | doi=10.1016/j.ophtha.2008.10.008 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19167086 }} </ref> | ||
**Atypical cutaneous nevi | **Atypical cutaneous nevi | ||
**Common cutaneous nevi | **Common cutaneous nevi | ||
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:Generally, choroidal melanoma arises in pigmented nevi. The risk of progression to melanoma at 5, 10, and 15 years is 9, 13, and 17 percent, respectively.<ref name="pmid19667334">{{cite journal| author=Shields CL, Furuta M, Berman EL, Zahler JD, Hoberman DM, Dinh DH et al.| title=Choroidal nevus transformation into melanoma: analysis of 2514 consecutive cases. | journal=Arch Ophthalmol | year= 2009 | volume= 127 | issue= 8 | pages= 981-7 | pmid=19667334 | doi=10.1001/archophthalmol.2009.151 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19667334 }} </ref> | :Generally, choroidal melanoma arises in pigmented nevi. The risk of progression to melanoma at 5, 10, and 15 years is 9, 13, and 17 percent, respectively.<ref name="pmid19667334">{{cite journal| author=Shields CL, Furuta M, Berman EL, Zahler JD, Hoberman DM, Dinh DH et al.| title=Choroidal nevus transformation into melanoma: analysis of 2514 consecutive cases. | journal=Arch Ophthalmol | year= 2009 | volume= 127 | issue= 8 | pages= 981-7 | pmid=19667334 | doi=10.1001/archophthalmol.2009.151 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19667334 }} </ref> | ||
:Significant risk factors associated with an increased risk of transformation of choroidal nevi to choroidal melanoma include thickness greater than 2 mm, subretinal fluid accumulation, symptoms such as decreased vision and presence of flashes or floaters, presence of orange pigment, distance from the optic nerve less than 3 mm, hollow rather than solid on ultrasound, and absence of a halo. | :Significant risk factors associated with an increased risk of transformation of choroidal nevi to choroidal melanoma include thickness greater than 2 mm, subretinal fluid accumulation, symptoms such as decreased vision and presence of flashes or floaters, presence of orange pigment, distance from the optic nerve less than 3 mm, hollow rather than solid on ultrasound, and absence of a halo. | ||
*Host pigmentation factors | *Host pigmentation factors<ref name="pmid16401785">{{cite journal| author=Weis E, Shah CP, Lajous M, Shields JA, Shields CL| title=The association between host susceptibility factors and uveal melanoma: a meta-analysis. | journal=Arch Ophthalmol | year= 2006 | volume= 124 | issue= 1 | pages= 54-60 | pmid=16401785 | doi=10.1001/archopht.124.1.54 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16401785 }} </ref> | ||
**Light eye color | **Light eye color | ||
**Fair skin color | **Fair skin color | ||
**Propensity to sunburn | **Propensity to sunburn | ||
*Ultraviolet light exposure | *Ultraviolet light exposure<ref name="pmid16051363">{{cite journal| author=Shah CP, Weis E, Lajous M, Shields JA, Shields CL| title=Intermittent and chronic ultraviolet light exposure and uveal melanoma: a meta-analysis. | journal=Ophthalmology | year= 2005 | volume= 112 | issue= 9 | pages= 1599-607 | pmid=16051363 | doi=10.1016/j.ophtha.2005.04.020 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16051363 }} </ref> | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2]
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of uveal melanoma are cutaneous and iris nevi, host pigmentation factors, and ultraviolet light exposure.
Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of uveal melanoma include:
- Cutaneous and iris nevi[1]
- Atypical cutaneous nevi
- Common cutaneous nevi
- Cutaneous freckles
- Iris nevi
- The risk of progression of iris nevi to melanoma at 5, 10, 15, and 20 years is 3, 4, 8, and 11 percent, respectively. Significant risks factors associated with an increased risk of transformation include younger age, inferior location, diffuse pigmentation, presence of blood in the lesion, ectropion, and a feathery margin.[2]
- Choroidal nevi
- Generally, choroidal melanoma arises in pigmented nevi. The risk of progression to melanoma at 5, 10, and 15 years is 9, 13, and 17 percent, respectively.[3]
- Significant risk factors associated with an increased risk of transformation of choroidal nevi to choroidal melanoma include thickness greater than 2 mm, subretinal fluid accumulation, symptoms such as decreased vision and presence of flashes or floaters, presence of orange pigment, distance from the optic nerve less than 3 mm, hollow rather than solid on ultrasound, and absence of a halo.
- Host pigmentation factors[4]
- Light eye color
- Fair skin color
- Propensity to sunburn
- Ultraviolet light exposure[5]
References
- ↑ Weis E, Shah CP, Lajous M, Shields JA, Shields CL (2009). "The association of cutaneous and iris nevi with uveal melanoma: a meta-analysis". Ophthalmology. 116 (3): 536–543.e2. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2008.10.008. PMID 19167086.
- ↑ Shields CL, Kaliki S, Hutchinson A, Nickerson S, Patel J, Kancherla S; et al. (2013). "Iris nevus growth into melanoma: analysis of 1611 consecutive eyes: the ABCDEF guide". Ophthalmology. 120 (4): 766–72. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.09.042. PMID 23290981.
- ↑ Shields CL, Furuta M, Berman EL, Zahler JD, Hoberman DM, Dinh DH; et al. (2009). "Choroidal nevus transformation into melanoma: analysis of 2514 consecutive cases". Arch Ophthalmol. 127 (8): 981–7. doi:10.1001/archophthalmol.2009.151. PMID 19667334.
- ↑ Weis E, Shah CP, Lajous M, Shields JA, Shields CL (2006). "The association between host susceptibility factors and uveal melanoma: a meta-analysis". Arch Ophthalmol. 124 (1): 54–60. doi:10.1001/archopht.124.1.54. PMID 16401785.
- ↑ Shah CP, Weis E, Lajous M, Shields JA, Shields CL (2005). "Intermittent and chronic ultraviolet light exposure and uveal melanoma: a meta-analysis". Ophthalmology. 112 (9): 1599–607. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2005.04.020. PMID 16051363.