Laryngeal cancer medical therapy

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

The optimal therapy for laryngeal cancer depends on the stage at the time of diagnosis.

Medical Therapy

The optimal therapy for laryngeal cancer depends on the stage at the time of diagnosis. Treatment according to stages is as follows:

Stage	Treatment
Stage 1	If cancer is in the supraglottis, treatment may include the following: Radiation therapy. Supraglottic laryngectomy. If cancer is in the glottis, treatment may include the following: Radiation therapy. Cordectomy. Partial laryngectomy, hemilaryngectomy, or total laryngectomy. Laser surgery. If cancer is in the subglottis, treatment may include the following: Radiation therapy with or without surgery. Surgery alone.
Stage 2	Treatment of stage II laryngeal cancer depends on where cancer is found in the larynx. If cancer is in the supraglottis, treatment may include the following: Radiation therapy. Supraglottic laryngectomy or total laryngectomy with or without radiation therapy. A clinical trial of radiation therapy. A clinical trial of chemoprevention. If cancer is in the glottis, treatment may include the following: Radiation therapy. Partial laryngectomy, hemilaryngectomy, or total laryngectomy. Laser surgery. A clinical trial of radiation therapy. A clinical trial of chemoprevention. If cancer is in the subglottis, treatment may include the following: Radiation therapy with or without surgery. Surgery alone. A clinical trial of radiation therapy. A clinical trial of chemoprevention.
Stage 3	Treatment of stage III laryngeal cancer depends on where cancer is found in the larynx. If cancer is in the supraglottis or glottis, treatment may include the following: Chemotherapy and radiation therapy given together. Chemotherapy followed by chemotherapy and radiation therapy given together.Laryngectomy may be done if cancer remains. Radiation therapy for patients who cannot be treated with chemotherapy and surgery. For tumors that do not respond to radiation, total laryngectomy may be done. Surgery, which may be followed by radiation therapy. A clinical trial of radiation therapy. A clinical trial of chemotherapy, radiosensitizers, or radiation therapy. A clinical trial of chemoprevention. If cancer is in the subglottis, treatment may include the following: Laryngectomy plus total thyroidectomy and removal of lymph nodes in the throat, usually followed by radiation therapy. Radiation therapy with or without surgery. A clinical trial of chemotherapy, radiosensitizers, or radiation therapy. A clinical trial of chemoprevention.
Stage 4	Treatment of stage IV laryngeal cancer depends on where cancer is found in the larynx. If cancer is in the supraglottis or glottis, treatment may include the following: Chemotherapy and radiation therapy given together. Chemotherapy followed by chemotherapy and radiation therapy given together.Laryngectomy may be done if cancer remains. Radiation therapy for patients who cannot be treated with chemotherapy and surgery. For tumors that do not respond to radiation, total laryngectomy may be done. Surgery followed by radiation therapy. Chemotherapy may be given with the radiation therapy. A clinical trial of radiation therapy. A clinical trial of chemotherapy, radiosensitizers, or radiation therapy. A clinical trial of chemoprevention. If cancer is in the subglottis, treatment may include the following: Laryngectomy plus total thyroidectomy and removal of lymph nodes in the throat, usually with radiation therapy. Radiation therapy. A clinical trial of radiation therapy. A clinical trial of chemotherapy, radiosensitizers, or radiation therapy. A clinical trial of chemoprevention.

Supportive Treatment

Many patients also need swallowing rehabilitation after treatment to help them adjust to the changes in the structure of the throat.

Stage I Laryngeal Cancer

Treatment of stage I laryngeal cancer depends on where cancer is found in the larynx.

Check the list of NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are now accepting patients withstage I laryngeal cancer. For more specific results, refine the search by using other search features, such as the location of the trial, the type of treatment, or the name of the drug. Talk with your doctor about clinical trials that may be right for you. General information about clinical trials is available from the NCI website.

Stage II Laryngeal Cancer

Check the list of NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are now accepting patients withstage II laryngeal cancer. For more specific results, refine the search by using other search features, such as the location of the trial, the type of treatment, or the name of the drug. Talk with your doctor about clinical trials that may be right for you. General information about clinical trials is available from the NCI website.

Stage III Laryngeal Cancer

Check the list of NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are now accepting patients withstage III laryngeal cancer. For more specific results, refine the search by using other search features, such as the location of the trial, the type of treatment, or the name of the drug. Talk with your doctor about clinical trials that may be right for you. General information about clinical trials is available from the NCI website.

Stage IV Laryngeal Cancer

Medical Treatment

Specific treatment depends on the location, type, and stage of the tumor. Treatment may involve surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy, alone or in combination. This is a specialized area which requires the coordinated expertise of dedicated ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgeons (otolaryngologists) and oncologists. When the tumor is larger or has spread to lymph nodes in the neck, a combination of radiation and chemotherapy is often used to preserve the voice box.

Radiation therapy

There are two types of radiation therapy

• External radiation therapy
• Internal radiation therapy
• Radiation therapy may be helpful in patients who have stopped smoking before beginning treatment
• External radiation therapy to the thyroid or the pituitary gland may alter thyroid gland functioning
• Hyperfractionated radiation therapy and new types of radiation therapy are being studied in the treatment of laryngeal cancer

References

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