Laryngeal cancer risk factors

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [2]

Overview

Common risk factors in the development of laryngeal cancer are smoking tobacco, chewing tobacco, and heavy alcohol consumption.

Risk Factors

Common risk factors for the development of laryngeal cancer include:

• Smoking tobacco
• Chewing tobacco
• Combined smoking and alcohol use
• Asbestos exposure
• Sulphuric acid
• Gastroesophageal reflux
• Family history of cancer
• Dyskeratosis congenita
• Fanconi anemia
• Male gender
• Advanced age
• Heavy alcohol consumption
• Diet without essential nutrients
• HPV infection
• Areca nut and betel quid chewing habit
• Occupational exposures of substances such as:

• Organic solvents
• Coal dust
• Cement dust

Risk Factors	Description
Smoking	Mutations may change a normal DNA sequence to an oncogene, which is a gene that causes cancer after exposure to a carcinogen. Squamous cells, a type of cell that lines hollow organs like the throat, mouth, lungs, and outer layer of skin, are particularly vulnerable when exposed to cigarette smoke.
Heavy alcohol consumption	Heavy alcohol consumption is linked to laryngeal cancer as well. Alcohol damages the lining of the larynx, increasing the amount of chemicals that are allowed to seep into the underlying membranes. Heavy alcohol use is also associated with nutritional deficiencies.