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* Prognosis is generally poor, and the 5-year survival rate of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia is approximately 90%.<ref name="uk">Statistics and outlook for hairy cell leukaemia. CANCER RESEARCH UK (2015) http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/type/hairy-cell-leukaemia/treatment/statistics-and-outlook-for-hairy-cell-leukaemia Accessed on October, 28 2015</ref><ref name="gov">Hairy cell leukemia. National Cancer Institute (2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/hairy-cell-treatment-pdq Accessed on October, 28 2015</ref>
* Prognosis is generally poor, and the 5-year survival rate of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia is approximately 90%.<ref name="uk">Statistics and outlook for hairy cell leukaemia. CANCER RESEARCH UK (2015) http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/type/hairy-cell-leukaemia/treatment/statistics-and-outlook-for-hairy-cell-leukaemia Accessed on October, 28 2015</ref><ref name="gov">Hairy cell leukemia. National Cancer Institute (2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/hairy-cell-treatment-pdq Accessed on October, 28 2015</ref>
* Poor prognostic factors for hairy lymphocytic leukemia patients include old age, female gender, and African American race.<ref>{{Cite journal| author = [[Rekha Chandran]], [[Stuart K. Gardiner]], [[Stephen D. Smith]] & [[Stephen E. Spurgeon]]| title = Improved survival in hairy cell leukaemia over three decades: a SEER database analysis of prognostic factors| journal = [[British journal of haematology]]| volume = 163| issue = 3| pages = 407–409| year = 2013| month = November| doi = 10.1111/bjh.12490| pmid = 23889044}}</ref>
* Poor prognostic factors for hairy lymphocytic leukemia patients include old age, female gender, and African American race.<ref>{{Cite journal| author = [[Rekha Chandran]], [[Stuart K. Gardiner]], [[Stephen D. Smith]] & [[Stephen E. Spurgeon]]| title = Improved survival in hairy cell leukaemia over three decades: a SEER database analysis of prognostic factors| journal = [[British journal of haematology]]| volume = 163| issue = 3| pages = 407–409| year = 2013| month = November| doi = 10.1111/bjh.12490| pmid = 23889044}}</ref>
* The table below lists prognostic factors for hairy lymphocytic leukemia patients:{{cite journal |vauthors=Stewart DJ, Smith TL, Keating MJ, McCredie KB, Hersh EM, Quesada J, Freireich EJ |title=Prognostic factors in hairy cell leukemia (leukemic reticuloendotheliosis) |journal=Cancer |volume=53 |issue=5 |pages=1198–1201 |year=1984 |pmid=6692307 |doi= |url=}}
* The table below lists prognostic factors for hairy lymphocytic leukemia patients:<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Stewart DJ, Smith TL, Keating MJ, McCredie KB, Hersh EM, Quesada J, Freireich EJ |title=Prognostic factors in hairy cell leukemia (leukemic reticuloendotheliosis) |journal=Cancer |volume=53 |issue=5 |pages=1198–1201 |year=1984 |pmid=6692307 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 1000px"
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 1000px"
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align=center | '''Infections'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align=center | '''Infections'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
:* A recent history of pneumonia or the presence of major infection at time of diagnosis are associated with a worse prognosis.
:* A recent history of [[pneumonia]] or the presence of major infection at the time of diagnosis are associated with a worse prognosis.


|-
|-


| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align=center | '''[[Hepatomegaly]]'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align=center | '''Hepatomegaly'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"|
:* The presence of hepatomegaly is associated with a worse prognosis.
:* The presence of [[hepatomegaly]] is associated with a worse prognosis.


|-
|-


|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align=center | '''[[Hemoglobin]] concentration'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align=center | '''Hemoglobin concentration'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
:* A hemoglobin concentration of ≤10 g/dl is associated with a poor prognosis.
:* A [[hemoglobin]] concentration of ≤10 g/dl is associated with a poor prognosis.
|-
|-




| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align=center | '''[[Reticulocyte]] count'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align=center | '''Reticulocyte count'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"|
:* A reticulocyte count of less than 1% is associated with a worse prognosis.
:* A [[reticulocyte]] count of less than 1% is associated with a worse prognosis.


|-
|-


| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align=center | '''Neutrophil count'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align=center | '''Neutrophil count'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"|
:* A neutrophil count ≤350/μl is associated with a worse prognosis.  
:* A [[neutrophil]] count ≤350/μl is associated with a worse prognosis.  


|-
|-


| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align=center | '''Alkaline phosphatase'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align=center | '''Alkaline phosphatase'''|| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;"|
:*An elevated level of alkaline phosphatase is associated with a worse prognosis.
:*An elevated level of [[alkaline phosphatase]] is associated with a worse prognosis.
|}
|}


Revision as of 19:21, 28 October 2015

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Most patients with hairy cell leukemia are asymptomatic at time of diagnosis. If left untreated, most of the patients with hairy cell leukemia will gradually develop anemia, recurrent infections, and recurrent bleeds. Common complications of hairy cell leukemia are mainly due to bone marrow failure.

Natural History

  • Most patients with hairy cell leukemia are asymptomatic at time of diagnosis. If left untreated, most of the patients with hairy cell leukemia will gradually develop anemia, recurrent infections, and recurrent bleeds.[1][2][3]

Complications

  • Common complications of hairy cell leukemia include:[1][2][3]
  • Anemia
  • Recurrent infections
  • Major recurrent bleeding
  • Splenic rupture

Prognosis

  • Prognosis is generally poor, and the 5-year survival rate of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia is approximately 90%.[4][2]
  • Poor prognostic factors for hairy lymphocytic leukemia patients include old age, female gender, and African American race.[5]
  • The table below lists prognostic factors for hairy lymphocytic leukemia patients:[6]
Prognostic Factor Description
Age
  • Older age at the time of diagnosis is associated with a worse prognosis.
Gender
  • Female are associated with a worse prognosis when compared to males.
Race
  • African American individuals are associated with a worse prognosis.
Infections
  • A recent history of pneumonia or the presence of major infection at the time of diagnosis are associated with a worse prognosis.
Hepatomegaly
  • The presence of hepatomegaly is associated with a worse prognosis.
Hemoglobin concentration
  • A hemoglobin concentration of ≤10 g/dl is associated with a poor prognosis.
Reticulocyte count
  • A reticulocyte count of less than 1% is associated with a worse prognosis.
Neutrophil count
  • A neutrophil count ≤350/μl is associated with a worse prognosis.
Alkaline phosphatase

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Hairy cell leukemia. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hairy_cell_leukemia#Signs_and_symptoms Accessed on October, 28 2015
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Hairy cell leukemia. National Cancer Institute (2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/hairy-cell-treatment-pdq Accessed on October, 28 2015
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 What is Hairy Cell Leukemia? Hairy Cell Leukemia Foundation (2015) https://www.hairycellleukemia.org/about-hcl/what-is-hairy-cell-leukemia/ Accessed on October, 19 2015
  4. ↑ Statistics and outlook for hairy cell leukaemia. CANCER RESEARCH UK (2015) http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/type/hairy-cell-leukaemia/treatment/statistics-and-outlook-for-hairy-cell-leukaemia Accessed on October, 28 2015
  5. ↑ Rekha Chandran, Stuart K. Gardiner, Stephen D. Smith & Stephen E. Spurgeon (2013). "Improved survival in hairy cell leukaemia over three decades: a SEER database analysis of prognostic factors". British journal of haematology. 163 (3): 407–409. doi:10.1111/bjh.12490. PMID 23889044. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  6. ↑ Stewart DJ, Smith TL, Keating MJ, McCredie KB, Hersh EM, Quesada J, Freireich EJ (1984). "Prognostic factors in hairy cell leukemia (leukemic reticuloendotheliosis)". Cancer. 53 (5): 1198–1201. PMID 6692307.


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