Zika virus infection laboratory findings: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The diagnosis of Zika virus infection is usually made by detection of elevated IgM and IgG Zika virus antibodies on ELISA or viral RNA on RT-PCR. Non-specific lab findings include elevated markers of inflammation, mild neutropenia, normal leukocyte count or mild leukocytosis with normal platelet count and liver function tests. | |||
==Laboratory Findings== | ==Laboratory Findings== | ||
* | *The diagnosis of Zika virus infection is usually made by detection of elevated IgM and IgG Zika virus antibodies on ELISA or viral RNA on RT-PCR. | ||
*ELISA can be used to detect virus-specific IgM and neutralizing antibodies toward the end of the first week of illness. | *Patients with Zika virus may also have the following non-specific lab findings | ||
===Non-Specific Laboratory Findings=== | |||
*Elevated markers of inflammation and acute phase reactants (e.g. ESR, C-reactive protein, ferritin) | |||
*Elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) | |||
*Mild neutropenia | |||
*Normal leukocyte count / mild leukocytosis | |||
*Platelet count and liver function tests (LFTs) are usually normal (vs. thrombocytopenia and elevated LFTs in Dengue fever) | |||
===ELISA=== | |||
*ELISA can be used to detect virus-specific IgM (anti-ZIKV-IgM) and neutralizing antibodies toward the end of the first week of illness. | |||
*Cross-reaction with related flaviviruses (e.g., dengue and West Nile viruses) is common and may be difficult to discern. | *Cross-reaction with related flaviviruses (e.g., dengue and West Nile viruses) is common and may be difficult to discern. | ||
*Plaque-reduction neutralization testing can be performed to measure virus-specific neutralizing antibodies and discriminate between cross-reacting antibodies in primary flavivirus infections.<ref>For HealthCare Providers: Diagnostic Testing. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (June 1, 2015). http://www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/diagnostic.html Accessed December 21, 2015.</ref> | *Plaque-reduction neutralization testing can be performed to measure virus-specific neutralizing antibodies and discriminate between cross-reacting antibodies in primary flavivirus infections.<ref>For HealthCare Providers: Diagnostic Testing. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (June 1, 2015). http://www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/diagnostic.html Accessed December 21, 2015.</ref> | ||
===PCR=== | |||
*During the first week after onset of symptoms, Zika virus may be diagnosed by performing reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on serum. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 01:20, 4 January 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nate Michalak, B.A.
Overview
The diagnosis of Zika virus infection is usually made by detection of elevated IgM and IgG Zika virus antibodies on ELISA or viral RNA on RT-PCR. Non-specific lab findings include elevated markers of inflammation, mild neutropenia, normal leukocyte count or mild leukocytosis with normal platelet count and liver function tests.
Laboratory Findings
- The diagnosis of Zika virus infection is usually made by detection of elevated IgM and IgG Zika virus antibodies on ELISA or viral RNA on RT-PCR.
- Patients with Zika virus may also have the following non-specific lab findings
Non-Specific Laboratory Findings
- Elevated markers of inflammation and acute phase reactants (e.g. ESR, C-reactive protein, ferritin)
- Elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
- Mild neutropenia
- Normal leukocyte count / mild leukocytosis
- Platelet count and liver function tests (LFTs) are usually normal (vs. thrombocytopenia and elevated LFTs in Dengue fever)
ELISA
- ELISA can be used to detect virus-specific IgM (anti-ZIKV-IgM) and neutralizing antibodies toward the end of the first week of illness.
- Cross-reaction with related flaviviruses (e.g., dengue and West Nile viruses) is common and may be difficult to discern.
- Plaque-reduction neutralization testing can be performed to measure virus-specific neutralizing antibodies and discriminate between cross-reacting antibodies in primary flavivirus infections.[1]
PCR
- During the first week after onset of symptoms, Zika virus may be diagnosed by performing reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on serum.
References
- ↑ For HealthCare Providers: Diagnostic Testing. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (June 1, 2015). http://www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/diagnostic.html Accessed December 21, 2015.